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1.
速冻山药预处理工艺研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对山药的速冻预处理工艺进行了研究.在实验中,以清水为热烫液,通过测定VC的质量分数、可溶性固形物的质量分数、过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶的活性这4个指标来确定最佳的热烫时间和温度.同时对经热烫和不经热烫两种不同处理的山药在冻藏过程中的色泽变化进行了评价.研究表明,速冻山药必须进行热烫处理以使酶失活,最佳热烫时间和温度分别为60 s和(90±1)℃.  相似文献   

2.
速冻建莲加工与贮藏过程中多酚氧化酶活性抑制的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为提高速冻建莲的品质,本文研究了不同的抑制剂组合对建莲多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性的抑制效果,并观察了速冻建莲贮藏期间PP0活性的变化。结果表明:0.025%EDTA-Na_2+0.1%抗坏血酸+0.1%柠檬酸能最大限度地抑制建莲的多酚氧化褐变,以此应用于速冻建莲的生产,能有效抑制冻藏过程中建莲的多酚氧化酶活性,褐变程度明显降低。  相似文献   

3.
速冻方式与温度对鲍鱼品质的影响   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
为了研究不同速冻方式和冻结温度对鲍鱼冻结过程中的品质影响程度、产生原因及机理,本文以鲜活鲍鱼为研究对象,对比采用2种速冻方法(空气速冻和液体速冻)、3种冻结温度(-20℃、-40℃、-60℃)进行冷冻,以蛋白质冷冻变性程度、肌肉组织结构和弹性作为理化和质构特性评价指标。试验结果表明:液体速冻的冻结速率始终比空气速冻高10倍左右,盐溶性蛋白溶解度下降率低2%左右,Ca2+-ATPase活性下降速度与Mg2+-ATPase活性上升速度均略缓慢,蛋白质变性程度低,解冻后鲍鱼肌肉组织间空隙小,弹性好;冻结过程中,冻结温度越低,冻结速率越快,盐溶性蛋白损失越少,蛋白质变性程度和解冻后的弹性无明显变化;综合考虑冻结速率、品质、能耗等因素,认为液体速冻是适合鲍鱼的速冻方法,-60℃液体速冻是相对最佳的速冻工艺。  相似文献   

4.
速冻山药热烫工艺研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对山药的速冻预处理工艺进行了研究。在实验中,以清水为热烫液,通过测定Vc的含量、可溶性固形物的含量、过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶的活性这四个指标来确定最佳的热烫时间和温度。同时对经热烫和不经热烫两种不同处理的山药在冻藏过程中的色泽变化进行了评价。研究表明,速冻山药必须进行热烫处理以使酶失活。最佳的热烫时间和温度为60s和90±1℃。  相似文献   

5.
微波处理真空包装对葡萄贮藏品质和生理变化的影响   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
研究了微波、真空包装以及微波处理真空包装对葡萄贮藏过程中果实的耐压力、可溶性糖、VC、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性的影响以及感官评定分析.研究结果表明:采用微波真空包装的葡萄果实耐压力、可溶性糖、VC的变化均小于其他处理方式且变化最小,多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性降低最大,感官评定最好.微波处理真空包装可以有效地降低多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性和果实的呼吸强度,提高了抗氧化酶的活性,有利于果实的贮藏保鲜.  相似文献   

6.
氯化钙处理对速冻蓝莓冻藏期品质的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
韩斯  孟宪军  汪艳群  李斌  李冬男  韦石 《食品科学》2014,35(22):310-314
研究不同质量分数氯化钙处理对速冻蓝莓果实于-18 ℃冻藏时品质变化的影响。结果表明:随着冻藏时间延长,速冻蓝莓果实的质量、硬度、可溶性固形物(TSS)、可滴定酸、VC、花色苷和总酚含量均呈下降趋势。浸钙处理可延缓速冻蓝莓果实质量、硬度、TSS、可滴定酸、VC、花色苷和总酚含量的下降,保持果实原有品质。在整个冻藏期多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性不断下降,氯化钙处理组冻藏后期PPO活性明显被抑制,但对POD活性没有显著效果。综合分析各指标,经1.5%氯化钙溶液处理的速冻蓝莓其冻藏期品质最好。  相似文献   

7.
漂烫对速冻苹果质地的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用质地多面分析(TPA)试验方法,研究了速冻苹果不同漂烫过程中的漂烫时间、漂烫温度、料液比对质地的影响,并对其过氧化物酶(POD)活性、感官品质的变化以及其硬度、内聚性、回复性、弹性和咀嚼性等相关性进行了研究。结果表明,漂烫对速冻苹果质地有显著影响,适度漂烫在其速冻加工中至关重要,最佳漂烫工艺为漂烫时间4~5 min、漂烫温度87~92℃,料液比为1∶10~1∶12(g∶m L)。  相似文献   

8.
甜玉米速冻前热烫工艺研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
对甜玉米速冻前热烫工艺进行了研究,通过PPO、POD等酶活性、可溶性糖和Vc等指标的检测分析和感官评价,探讨了水煮热烫处理、蒸气热烫处理和微波热烫处理等热烫处理方式、热烫处理时间等因素对速冻甜玉米品质的影响。试验结果表明,适宜的热烫处理工艺(蒸气热烫20min)能减少可溶性糖和Vc的损失,同时钝化PPO和POD酶活性,提高速冻甜玉米的品质。  相似文献   

9.
《食品与发酵工业》2019,(24):188-195
该文以鲜活大菱鲆为原料,研究了5种冻结方式处理对大菱鲆鱼片贮藏过程中品质变化的影响。对5种冻结方式(-20℃冰箱冻结、-20℃平板速冻、-30℃冰箱冻结、-30℃平板速冻、-90℃液氮速冻)处理的大菱鲆鱼片在-18℃冷库冻藏15周内的理化指标、质构特性和微观结构进行测定。结果表明,随着冻藏时间的延长,不同冻结方式处理的大菱鲆鱼片持水力、肌原纤维蛋白含量、活性巯基含量、Ca~(2+)-ATPase活性及质构特性均呈下降趋势;白度值、TBA值呈上升的趋势;pH呈先下降后上升趋势;微观组织结构不同程度劣化。经-90℃液氮速冻和平板速冻处理的大菱鲆鱼片品质劣化趋势显著低于或迟缓于冰箱冻结组,低温速冻在大菱鲆品质保鲜方面具有广阔的应用前景。  相似文献   

10.
通过测定速冻蓝莓解冻时间、营养品质和活性成分等指标,研究低温、常温、水浴、微波和超声波5种解冻方式对速冻蓝莓品质的影响。结果表明:5种解冻方法解冻时间差异显著(p0.05),微波解冻超声波解冻水浴解冻常温解冻低温解冻;微波解冻后的蓝莓果实可溶性固形物、可滴定酸和硬度保持最好、汁液流失率最低;微波解冻能较好的保持蓝莓花色苷、VC和总酚含量,对蓝莓活性成分破坏较小。综合比较分析,微波解冻是一种适合速冻蓝莓解冻的有效方法。  相似文献   

11.
 Browning in banana (Musa cavendishii, cv. Enana) processed products is a result of phenol oxidation catalysed by polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) or of other non-enzymatic reactions (Maillard and Strecker mechanisms). Microwave and steam blanching significantly reduced PPO and POD activities and phenol levels in banana flesh, steam blanching being the most effective method for enzyme inactivation. Freezing/thawing processes produced a significant increase in phenol levels in all samples, due to cellular breakdown. After microwave heating browning processes occurred while steam-treated samples did not exhibit a significant colour change. Extractable PPO and POD activities in all banana samples increased as a consequence of freezing/thawing: steam-blanched slices exhibited lower residual activities. High correlations occurred between phenols and browning (r=0.86) in control samples. Blanched samples (microwave or steam) only exhibited correlations between PPO (r=0.80) and POD (r=0.80) activities and browning. Received: 22 February 1996  相似文献   

12.
 Browning in banana (Musa cavendishii, cv. Enana) processed products is a result of phenol oxidation catalysed by polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) or of other non-enzymatic reactions (Maillard and Strecker mechanisms). Microwave and steam blanching significantly reduced PPO and POD activities and phenol levels in banana flesh, steam blanching being the most effective method for enzyme inactivation. Freezing/thawing processes produced a significant increase in phenol levels in all samples, due to cellular breakdown. After microwave heating browning processes occurred while steam-treated samples did not exhibit a significant colour change. Extractable PPO and POD activities in all banana samples increased as a consequence of freezing/thawing: steam-blanched slices exhibited lower residual activities. High correlations occurred between phenols and browning (r=0.86) in control samples. Blanched samples (microwave or steam) only exhibited correlations between PPO (r=0.80) and POD (r=0.80) activities and browning. Received: 22 February 1996  相似文献   

13.
Black polymers were extracted from walnut husk homogenates (Juglans regia L) in a phosphate buffer (pH 8.0) after air-bubbling for 24 h. After several purification stages, ultrafiltration and gel chromatography (Sephadex and Ultrogel), three extracts (two soluble and one insoluble) were isolated. At the same time, a synthetic DL DOPA/POD/PPO copolymer was prepared. Two walnut extracts exhibited POD and PPO activity. Both DL DOPA/POD/PPO copolymers (soluble and insoluble) only presented a POD activity. The insoluble and more complex extracts (either natural or synthetic) presented the lowest oxidase activities. The soluble walnut extract exhibited low though not negligible PPO and POD activities. It was observed using electrophoresis and gel chromatography that both enzymes were present in phenolic complexes. The high level of adsorption observed on polyacrylamide gel, as well as the elementary composition of these complexes enabled a comparison with phytomelanins. PPO and POD in the soluble copolymers (from both natural and synthetic sources) were governed by Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Apparent constants were calculated using the Lineweaver-Burk method. The use of limited proteolysis and an inhibitor showed good resistance of POD activity in walnut and synthetic copolymers and exceptional resistance of PPO activity in walnut extracts (particularly insoluble extract).  相似文献   

14.
The effects of nitric oxide (NO) on enzymatic browning of harvested longan fruit in relation to phenolic metabolisms were investigated. Fruits were dipped for 5 min in 1 mM sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide donor, then packed in 0.03 mm thick polyethylene bags, and finally stored for 6 days at 28 °C. Changes in pericarp browning and pulp breakdown were evaluated, while total phenol content, activities of phenolic-associated enzymes, polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), and concentrations of total soluble solids, titratable acidity and ascorbic acid were measured. SNP treatment delayed pericarp browning, inhibited activities of PPO, POD and PAL and maintained a high total phenol content of longan fruit during storage. Furthermore, NO showed a significant inhibition of the in vitro activities of PPO and POD, indicating that the beneficial effect of NO was direct. Moreover, application of NO resulted in a lower pulp breakdown and maintained relatively high levels of total soluble solids and ascorbic acid.  相似文献   

15.
成熟度对糯玉米品质和风味的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以不同成熟度的3种糯玉米为材料,通过可溶性固形物、还原糖、VC、蛋白质含量及其过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性等品质指标的测定,并结合固相微萃取气质联用法(SPME/GC-MS)对糯玉米挥发性物质成分及相对含量的分析,考察成熟度对糯玉米品质及风味成分的影响。结果表明:不同成熟度的糯玉米品质指标和香气成分具有显著差异,品质指标大致呈波动变化,而其含量随成熟度增加呈下降趋势。香气成分在渝甜糯中共检出46种,渝科糯中检出33种,渝糯3000中共检出47种,主要成分为烯萜类和醇类,含量超过50%,其中在第四成熟期香气物质含量最丰富。  相似文献   

16.
为探究生防菌处理对厚皮甜瓜保鲜效果和保护酶活性的影响,本研究选用西州蜜25号厚皮甜瓜作为研究对象,通过在25 ℃和4 ℃条件下在厚皮甜瓜表面接种贝莱斯芽孢杆菌BG-2,测定贮藏期间拮抗菌在厚皮甜瓜表面定殖特性、保鲜效果和厚皮甜瓜过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)、多酚氧化酶(Polyphenol oxidase,PPO)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(Phenylalnine ammonialyase,PAL)活性的变化。结果表明,在25 ℃和4 ℃条件下,拮抗菌在厚皮甜瓜表面定殖数量均呈现先上升后下降的趋势且能稳定定殖。接种拮抗菌的厚皮甜瓜腐烂效果、抑制pH和可溶性固形物含量的下降显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。POD和PAL活性呈现先上升后下降的趋势,PPO活性在室温下呈现先上升后下降趋势,在低温下呈现缓慢上升趋势。25 ℃下,拮抗菌处理组POD在第20 d时酶活最高,PAL和PPO在第10 d时酶活最高;4 ℃下,拮抗菌处理组POD和PAL在第20 d时酶活最高。PPO处理在第40 d时酶活最高。且拮抗菌处理过的厚皮甜瓜酶活始终高于病原菌处理组。在25 ℃和4 ℃贝莱斯芽孢杆菌BG-2均能在厚皮甜瓜表皮上稳定定殖,抑制贮藏期厚皮甜瓜腐烂,延缓pH、可溶性固形物、POD、PPO和PAL酶活性下降,且BG-2和低温相结合对上述效果更好。本研究为延长新疆厚皮甜瓜贮藏期提供理论依据,为生防菌作用在厚皮甜瓜采后保鲜提供技术支持。  相似文献   

17.
本项目研究了七种抑制剂(分别为亚硫酸钠、明矾、O-异抗坏血酸、EDTA-2Na、Ca Cl2、多聚磷酸钠、柠檬酸亚锡二钠)对橄榄多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活力的影响,并采用两段模型分析了高温处理对橄榄果实多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)的钝化动力学。结果表明,橄榄中酚类化合物氧化分解与POD和PPO活性有关,在特定的环境条件下,O-异抗坏血酸和柠檬酸亚锡二钠抑制橄榄PPO酶和POD酶活性效果最好,譬如,其浓度为0.20 g/L时,可完全抑制橄榄PPO酶和POD酶活力;热烫时间和温度对橄榄果实PPO和POD活性影响较大,并随着热烫时间和热烫温度的增加,橄榄果实PPO和POD活性呈现先下降后处于平稳的趋势,故高温处理对橄榄PPO和POD的钝化过程符合两段模型。  相似文献   

18.
The potential usage of salicylic acid (SA) as a powerful anti-browning agent in fresh-cut Chinese water chestnut (CWC) was investigated. The fresh-cut CWC were dipped for 1 min in solutions of 0, 1, 2 or 4 mM SA, then placed in trays over-wrapped with plastic films, and finally stored at 4 °C. Changes in color, eating quality, and disease incidence were evaluated, while activities of phenol-associated enzymes, polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), and concentrations of total soluble solid, titratable acidity and ascorbic acid were measured. SA treatment delayed discoloration, maintained eating quality with higher content of the quality attributers, and reduced activities of or delayed the increases in activities of PPO, POD and PAL in fresh-cut CWC. However, SA had no significant inhibition of the activities of PPO and POD in an in vitro test, indicating that the beneficial effect of SA was indirect. Further research is needed to elucidate the inhibition of the surface browning of the fresh-cut CWC by SA.  相似文献   

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