HBP—NH_2接枝氧化棉织物无盐染色机制

 为揭示HBP—NH2接枝氧化棉织物(HGCF)实现活性染料无盐染色的机制,研究水溶液中HGCF纤维表面的zeta电位、HGCF活性染料染色热力学、染色动力学以及HGCF染色色光的变化等。结果表明:当pH<6.5时,在水溶液中HGCF纤维表面的zeta电位为正;HGCF对活性艳黄A-4GLN的吸附符合Langmuir模型,Langmuir吸附常数和饱和吸附量都随着温度的升高而降低,染色热为-4.51 kJ/mol;与未接枝棉织物相比,HBP—NH2对氧化棉织物的接枝改性可以加快上染速率,提高平衡上染百分率,增大表观扩散系数;HBP—NH2的接枝改性对棉织物活性染料无盐染色色光略有影响。     

染座剂改性棉织物活性染料的染色性能

 为减少活性染料染色过程中无机盐的用量,用染座剂对棉织物进行改性以增加棉纤维上的染座数目。研究棉织物经染座剂改性后对活性染料染色性能的影响,包括改性对碱用量和加入时间的影响,对无机盐用量的影响,对上染速率的影响,对染色牢度、匀染性和色光的影响等。结果表明,改性棉织物对活性红R02的吸附符合Langmuir模型,Langmuir吸附常数K和饱和吸附量S都随温度升高而降低,染座剂改性后最佳碱用量减少,碱加入时间与常规染色一致,染色时无机盐质量分数可以减少40%～60%,上染速率增加,染色牢度和匀染性有所改善,色光不受影响。     

高聚合度Q-PDE阳离子改性棉的无盐染色

用自制高聚合度季铵型阳离子改性剂Q-PDE对棉织物进行改性处理,研究了改性前后棉纤维在水溶液中Zeta电位的变化及改性前后棉纤维的表面微观形态。采用活性染料无盐染色,优化了改性剂质量分数,评价了改性棉织物的染色性能。结果表明:改性后棉纤维表面带正电荷,且改性均匀、纤维表面无损伤;当改性剂质量分数为4%(omf)时,改性棉织物活性染料无盐染色的固色率和K/S值较好,匀染性优良,色光变化小,且耐洗色牢度及耐摩擦色牢度较未改性棉织物高。     

长链烷基双子季铵盐对棉纤维的吸附行为研究

为探究季铵盐中疏水长链对棉织物吸附性能的影响,并减少活性染料染色用盐量,制备了具有不同长链烷基的双子型季铵盐,研究了分子的亲疏水性对其在棉纤维上吸附行为的影响,分析了在改性条件下季铵盐的吸附行为,进而研究了棉纤维在改性前后的染色过程和染色效果。结果表明:在无盐或少盐的情况下,改性后棉织物的上染速率和平衡上染百分率均明显提高;在季铵盐浓度仅为0.5 mmol/L时,其改性后织物的上染行为和染色效果与常规染色工艺几乎无异。     

端氨基超支化合物在棉织物活性染料染色中的应用

 为了实现棉织物活性染料无盐染色工艺,以丙烯酸甲酯和二乙烯基三胺为原料,采用熔融缩合聚合法合成了1种水溶性端氨基超支化合物(HBP-NH2)。用含有HBP-NH26 g/L、柠檬酸2 g/L、次亚磷酸钠3 g/L的溶液对棉织物进行改性处理,然后采用活性染料染色。测试结果表明,经HBP-NH2改性处理的棉织物染色性能显著提高,耐摩擦色牢度、耐洗色牢度以及匀染性能符合要求。HBP-NH2可作为无盐染色助剂应用于棉织物的活性染料染色,并适用于不同的活性染料。     

棉织物HBP-NH2改性对无盐染色工艺的影响

采用自制的端胺基超支化合物（HBP-NH2）对棉织物进行阳离子改性，研究棉织物活性染料无盐染色的可行性。分别对改性溶液中HBP-NH2浓度、pH值、浸渍时间、焙烘温度和染色前水洗等因素进行探讨，得出最佳无盐染色工艺：HBP-NH2浓度6g／L，pH值5．5—6．0，80℃烘干5min，120℃焙烘3min，热水清洗后采用活性染料无盐染色。试验表明，棉织物无盐染色可获得与未改性棉织物常规染色相当的K／S值和染色牢度。     

微波对棉织物活性染料染色的作用机理探讨

以纯棉织物为研究对象,在微波或常规染色条件下,采用HE型活性染料对其染色,从染色热力学和动力学2方面探讨微波对棉织物活性染料染色的作用机理。结果表明,微波处理后染色吸附性能不变,属于Langmuir型;染料在棉织物上的上染速率和表观扩散系数提高,扩散活化能降低,半染时间缩短,染色速率常数提高。     

丝素处理棉织物活性染料染色热力学和动力学研究

文章对丝素整理剂处理后的棉织物在酸性条件下以活性染料染色的热力学和动力学做了探讨,结果表明其染色吸附符合Langmuir吸附模型,平衡上染百分率较常规上染百分率低。     

CHPTAC改性棉的活性染料无盐深色染色

采用季铵型阳离子改性剂3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵(CHPTAC)对棉织物进行阳离子改性处理,然后在无盐条件下进行活性染料深色染色。研究了改性前后棉织物表面微观形态和热稳定性的变化,评价了改性棉织物无盐深色染色的染色性能。研究结果表明:CHPTAC改性对棉织物表面微观形貌影响较小,棉纤维表面无损伤,改性后的棉纤维晶型不变,结晶度降低,热稳定性略有降低。C.I活性黑5在改性棉织物无盐染色时的提升力较未改性棉织物有盐染色要好,改性棉织物活性染料无盐深色染色的匀染性好,色光变化小,耐摩擦色牢度和耐皂洗色牢度较未改性棉织物有盐染色要高。     

HBP-HTC改性棉织物活性染料无盐染色

采用EPTAC(缩水甘油三甲基氯化铵)与HBP-NH2(端氨基超支化合物),自制端氨基超支化合物季铵盐(HBP-HTC)改性剂,并对棉织物进行阳离子改性.研究了HBP-HTC中季铵盐质量摩尔浓度、HBP-HTC溶液浓度、浸渍时间和温度等因素对改性棉织物活性染料无盐染色性能的影响,得到适合的改性工艺条件:EPTAC:HBP-NH2=2:1;用4 g/L HBP-HTC的溶液于常温下浸渍处理30 min,然后洗净.测试结果表明,改性棉织物采用活性染料无盐染色,可获得与未改性棉织物常规染色相当的K/S值和染色牢度.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.