采前喷钙对黄瓜采后冷藏品质的影响

冷害是限制黄瓜低温贮藏和运输的主要因素,以黄瓜品种‘露地二号’为试材,对黄瓜叶面进行采前喷施CaCl2,以增加黄瓜的耐冷性,研究采前喷钙对黄瓜采后冷藏（4±0.5） ℃品质的影响,为春冬两季黄瓜的长途运输和贮藏提供参考。结果表明,冷藏期间各处理冷害指数、丙二醛含量、相对电导率、脯氨酸含量冷藏期间均上升;硬度降低,色泽变暗,可溶固形物含量和主要香气物质相对含量均减少。冷藏结束时,0.75%、1% CaCl2处理黄瓜的冷害指数最小为0.3,而且丙二醛含量和相对电导率均显著低于对照（P＜0.05）;钙处理黄瓜的硬度均比对照大,CaCl2质量分数越大硬度越大。0.75%和1% CaCl2处理黄瓜含有更多的可溶性固形物,脯氨酸生成量也较多,主要的香气物质相对含量也较大,并且在贮藏期间色泽保持均比对照好。综合考虑,最终确定0.75% CaCl2处理为黄瓜喷钙的最佳质量分数,能较好地维持黄瓜采后品质,将冷害症状出现延迟了4 d。     

不同初始机体温度对热水处理西葫芦果实低温贮藏品质和活性氧代谢的影响

为评价果实自身初始机体温度对热处理西葫芦果实冷藏品质和活性氧代谢的影响,该文研究了西葫芦果实不同初始温度(15、20、25℃)经外界热水处理(43. 3℃、28. 4 min)后在(4±0. 5)℃贮藏条件下对果实冷害及活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明:经相同的热处理,果实机体温度为25℃处理组能显著降低西葫芦电解质外渗率和丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量,维持超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(ascorbate peroxidase,APX)的高活性,同时该处理组能保持抗坏血酸(ascorbic acid,ASA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(reduced glutathione,GSH)的高含量,通过酶促和非酶促两类过氧化物防御系统共同调控西葫芦果实活性氧代谢平衡,维持高活性氧清除能力,降低过氧化氢(hydrogen peroxide,H_2O_2)与超氧阴离子(superoxide anion,O_2~-·)活性氧自由基对果实的伤害,减缓该组果实失重率和色差值的升高,提高果实硬度与贮藏前中期的可溶性固形物含量(soluable solid content,SSC),有效降低果实冷害,提高西葫芦贮藏品质,延缓果实衰老进程。该研究为西葫芦贮藏保鲜、果蔬热处理传热过程的进一步研究提供了一定的参考与借鉴。     

贮前强制对流热空气处理对低温胁迫下青椒果实AsA-GSH循环代谢的影响

该文以青椒果实为试材,采用50℃强制对流热空气下处理5、10、20、30、40 min,并以不经任何处理的青椒果实为对照进行研究。结果表明,较对照组和其他强制对流热空气组,50℃强制对流热空气处理20 min能够推迟冷藏青椒果实的冷害发生时间,维持显著高于(P <0. 05)对照组的叶绿素和可滴定酸含量。同时该组青椒果实的电解质外渗率、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、H_2O_2以及超氧阴离子自由基(O_2~-·)都维持在显著低于(P <0. 05)对照组水平,抗坏血酸(ascorbic acid,As A)和还原型谷胱甘肽(reduced glutathione,GSH)的含量以及抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(ascorbate peroxidase,APX)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(glutathione reductase,GR)活性也较对照得到了显著高水平(P <0. 05)的保持,能有效减轻低温胁迫下活性氧对细胞的伤害,延缓了青椒果实的冷害。该研究为青椒果实贮藏保鲜、揭示采后果蔬热应激在低温胁迫下的抗冷性响应机制提供理论依据。     

短时热处理对低温逆境下黄瓜不同部位的冷害及活性氧代谢影响

为了研究短时热处理对黄瓜果实不同部位冷害及活性氧代谢的影响,分别对黄瓜果实的头部(花萼端)、中部、尾部(果梗端) 3个部位的冷害指数、硬度、丙二醛(malonaldehyde,MDA)含量、电解质渗透率、多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)、可溶性蛋白、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(ascorbic acid peroxidase,APX)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、H_2O_2含量和超氧阴离子自由基O_2~-·进行测定。结果表明:与对照相比,热处理能诱导黄瓜果实抗冷性,抑制黄瓜果实硬度下降,提高活性氧清除酶的活性,抑制细胞膜渗透率和MDA含量上升,降低贮藏后期的冷害发生率,保持果实较好的品质。黄瓜果实的冷害在头部最初出现,然后是中部和尾部,热处理组黄瓜尾部显著延缓冷藏期间POD、CAT、APX和SOD活性的下降,抑制了H_2O_2含量和O_2~-·的产生速率,可减少了MDA的积累,减轻果实的冷害。     

近冰温贮藏对杏果实冷害及活性氧代谢的影响

为研究近冰温贮藏对杏果实冷害及活性氧代谢的影响,本实验以新疆库车小白杏作为实验材料,分别将其贮藏于近冰温(-1.5～-1.0℃)和冷藏(4～6、1～2℃)条件下49 d,每7 d取样,测定杏果实的冷害发病率,冷害指数和过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活力,超氧阴离子自由基(O_2~-·)产生速率,过氧化氢(hydrogen peroxide,H2O2)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量及细胞膜透性。结果表明:与普通冷藏(4～6、1～2℃)相比,近冰温贮藏可有效推迟冷害发病时间并降低冷害发病率,显著提高杏果实SOD的活力(P0.05),延缓冷藏期间POD、CAT活力的下降,抑制H_2O_2含量的升高和O_2~-·的产生,减少了MDA的积累和细胞膜透性的增加。因此,近冰温贮藏可提高杏果实的抗冷性和贮藏性。     

甘氨酸甜菜碱处理对桃果实冷害及抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环代谢的影响

以‘湖景蜜露’桃果实为试材,采用10 mmol/L甘氨酸甜菜碱浸泡处理,分析甘氨酸甜菜碱处理对（0±1）℃贮藏桃果实冷害及抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽（ascorbic acid-glutathione,AsA-GSH）循环代谢的影响。结果表明：甘氨酸甜菜碱处理能显著抑制桃果实冷害的发生,延缓相对电导率、丙二醛含量和过氧化氢含量的增加,提高抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶活力以及PpAPX、PpGR、PpMDHAR和PpDHAR基因的表达水平,维持较高的抗坏血酸和谷胱甘肽含量以及抗坏血酸/脱氢抗坏血酸、谷胱甘肽/氧化型谷胱甘肽比例。结论：外源甘氨酸甜菜碱处理能通过调节AsA-GSH循环系统,有效清除桃果实中过量积累的过氧化氢,缓解低温胁迫对细胞膜的氧化损伤,从而减轻桃果实的冷害症状。     

采前喷施胺鲜酯对采后龙眼果实贮藏期间果皮活性氧代谢的影响

为研究采前喷施胺鲜酯对采后龙眼果实贮藏期间果皮活性氧代谢的影响,以‘福眼’龙眼为材料,在龙眼盛花期后70、90、110 d用10 mg/kg胺鲜酯喷施龙眼果实3 次,以蒸馏水喷施为对照,龙眼果实在盛花期后120 d采收,采后龙眼果实经过挑选、清洗和晾干后用0.015 mm厚的聚乙烯薄膜袋密封包装（每袋50 个）,在（28±1）℃、相对湿度85%条件下贮藏,贮藏期间每天取样测定果皮O2－·产生速率、丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）含量、活性氧清除酶（超氧化物歧化酶（superoxidase dismutase,SOD）、过氧化氢酶（catalase,CAT）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（ascorbate peroxidase,APX）和谷胱甘肽还原酶（glutathione reductase,GR））活力、内源抗氧化物质（还原型抗坏血酸（ascorbic acid,AsA）和还原型谷胱甘肽（glutathione,GSH））含量及1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基清除率和总还原力的变化。结果发现：与对照果实对比,采前喷施胺鲜酯可提高采后龙眼果实贮藏期间果皮SOD、CAT、APX、GR等活性氧清除酶活力,延缓AsA和GSH含量的下降,保持较高DPPH自由基清除率和总还原力,降低O2－·产生速率和膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量。结论：采前喷施胺鲜酯增强采后龙眼果实耐贮性与其能有效降低采后龙眼果实贮藏期间果皮活性氧代谢有关。     

钙调素拮抗剂三氟啦嗪对辐照蓝莓果实硬度品质特性的影响

为了探讨γ辐照对冷藏蓝莓果实软化的抑制机理,本研究采用2.5 kGy剂量辐照处理“蓝丰”蓝莓,结合钙调素拮抗剂TFP,测定各组蓝莓果实硬度和原果胶、不同溶解性果胶含量、纤维素和半纤维素含量,以及相关水解酶活性在冷藏期间的变化差异,结果显示：辐照能够介导Ca2+信号转导抑制PG和PME活性,降低原果胶和CSP降解为WSP的可能,进而对冷藏蓝莓果实硬度产生积极影响;TFP能够在一定程度上阻断胞内Ca2+信号的转导作用;但是Cx、β-Gal和α-Af对辐照诱导的Ca2+信号响应不积极,辐照后冷藏蓝莓果实4KSF、24KSF和纤维素含量的变化与Ca2+信号转导无关。因此,γ辐照诱发的Ca2+信号对果胶参与的冷藏蓝莓果实软化具有重要的调控作用。     

H2O2参与冷激处理对番茄果实抗冷性及抗氧化酶活性的影响

本研究以“佳粉1号”番茄为试材,研究了H2O2参与冷激处理对番茄果实抗冷性及抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明冷激处理降低了果实的冷害发生率和冷害指数,诱导了冷藏初期番茄果实中H2O2含量的升高,延缓了丙二醛的增加,提高了低温下果实内过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)的活性。用二甲基硫脲(DMTU)抑制内源H2O2能够削弱冷激处理所诱导的番茄果实冷害发生率的降低及对MDA累积的延缓作用,且CAT和APX的活性在冷藏初期受到抑制。结果表明,冷激处理可以有效提高番茄的耐冷性,减少低温对细胞膜系统的伤害,提高抗氧化酶的活性,而抑制内源H2O2后有效抑制了由冷激诱导的耐冷性的提高,说明冷藏初期内源H2O2参与了冷激介导番茄果实抗冷性的提高。     

水杨酸处理对杏果实冷害及活性氧代谢的影响

以新疆塞买提杏为实验材料,用质量浓度0.01 g/L的水杨酸以减压渗透方式处理,置于温度0 ℃、湿度90%～95%的冷库贮藏。定期测定杏果实冷害指数和冷害发病率及与活性氧代谢相关的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧阴离子自由基（O2－·）的产生速率以及过氧化氢（H2O2）的含量。结果表明：质量浓度0.01 g/L的水杨酸处理能明显降低杏果实冷害发生率,减缓杏果实贮藏期间CAT和POD活性的下降,有效提高杏果实SOD的活性,抑制O2－·产生速率和H2O2含量的增长。说明水杨酸处理可减轻杏果实的冷害发病率,这与水杨酸处理能防止杏果实冷藏期间过高的氧化伤害,维持杏果实活性氧代谢平衡密切相关。     

外源褪黑素通过调控活性氧代谢减轻采后杏果实冷害

为探究褪黑素处理对杏果实采后冷害和活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)代谢的影响,本研究以'赛买提'杏为材料,采用不同浓度(50、100、200μmol/L)的褪黑素进行减压渗透处理(0.05?MPa保持2 min,后恢复常压继续浸泡8 min),以蒸馏水处理作对照,处理后的杏果实置于温度(...     

Low‐temperature conditioning combined with methyl jasmonate treatment reduces chilling injury of peach fruit

BACKGROUND: Peaches are sensitive to low temperature and develop chilling injury (CI) symptoms during refrigerated storage. This CI reduces consumer acceptance of peaches and limits the potential postharvest market life of the fruit. To develop a suitable technique to reduce CI, the effect of a combination of low‐temperature conditioning (LTC) and methyl jasmonate (MJ) treatment on CI of peach fruit was investigated in this study. RESULTS: Freshly harvested firm‐mature peaches were treated with a combination of LTC at 10 or 20 °C and 1 µmol L^?1 MJ and then stored at 0 °C for 5 weeks. The fruits developed CI during storage, manifested as internal browning and flesh mealiness. The combined treatment significantly reduced these CI symptoms and maintained higher fruit quality. The activities of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase were significantly inhibited while those of superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase were induced by the combined treatment. In addition, the activities of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase and polygalacturonase and the level of total phenolics were enhanced by the combined treatment. CONCLUSION: The combination of LTC and MJ treatment could be a useful technique to reduce CI and maintain quality in peach fruit during cold storage. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

外源p-香豆酸处理对采后桃果实苯丙烷代谢和抗氧化能力的影响

为探究外源p-香豆酸（p-coumaric acid,p-CA）处理对采后桃果实冷害和相关机制的影响,本实验以‘沙红’桃果实为试材,研究了0、0.5、1.0 mmol/L p-CA浸泡处理对采后桃果实于4 ℃贮藏期间冷害指数和丙二醛含量的影响,并得出最优浓度（0.5 mmol/L）,在此条件下继续研究其对桃果实苯丙烷代谢和抗氧化能力的影响。结果显示：p-CA处理延缓了桃果实冷害的发生和丙二醛的生成;p-CA处理激活了莽草酸脱氢酶、苯丙氨酸脱氨酶、肉桂酸-4-羟化酶和4-香豆酸辅酶A连接酶活力,并抑制了多酚氧化酶及过氧化氢酶活力,这使桃果实中总酚含量增加,进而提高了清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基、羟自由基、O2－·的能力。以上结果表明p-CA处理对桃果实低温贮藏期间冷害发生的延缓作用与其对苯丙烷代谢和抗氧化能力的调控有关。     

Effect of cold‐shock treatment on chilling injury in mango (Mangifera indica L. cv. ‘Wacheng’) fruit

To investigate how cold shock may affect chilling injury in mango fruit (Mangifera indica L. cv. ‘Wacheng’), the fruit were treated for 3, 4 or 5 h at 0 °C, or treated for 8, 10 or 12 h at 4 °C, respectively, then transferred to 20 °C for 20 h prior to being stored at 2 °C, 85–95% RH. The chilling injury index of mango treated at 0 °C for 4 h was 59.7% lower than that of the control fruit directly stored at 2 °C, 85–95% RH. Some attributes were assayed in the fruit treated at 0 °C for 4 h. Ion leakage of the cold‐shock fruit at 0 °C for 4 h was 16% or 10% lower than that of the control on day 9 or day 12 of storage, respectively. Malondialdehyde content of the cold‐shocked fruit was 70% or 50% lower than that of the control on day 6 or day 12 of storage at 2 °C, respectively. Activities of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and contents of glutathione and phenolic compounds in the fruit during storage were all markedly enhanced by the cold‐shock treatment, whereas activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and content of ascorbic acid in the mango were slightly influenced by the cold‐shock treatment. These results suggest that cold‐shock treatment may hold promise as an alternative approach to reduce chilling injury in mango fruit during cold storage. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

Maturity‐dependent chilling tolerance regulated by the antioxidative capacity in postharvest cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) fruits

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to reveal the effect of fruit maturity on the chilling tolerance of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) fruit and the oxidative and antioxidative mechanisms involved. Chinese mini‐cucumber (cv. Hangcui‐1) fruits were harvested at four developmental stages: Immature (3–8 days after anthesis (DAA)), Mature (9–16 DAA), Breaker (17–22 DAA) and Yellow (35–40 DAA). All fruits were stored at 2 °C for 9 days and rewarmed at 20 °C for 2 days. RESULTS: The chilling injury index declined with advancing fruit maturity. High superoxide anion radical production rate and hydrogen peroxide content were observed in Immature fruits after cold storage and rewarming. Under chilling stress, superoxide dismutase showed an early response. Fruits at earlier maturity stages exhibited higher catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and monodehydroascorbate reductase activities and glutathione content as well as its redox state, and lower peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase activities and ascorbate content as well as its redox state. CONCLUSION: Fruits at the earlier developmental stage are more susceptible to chilling injury, which is related to increased oxidative stress. High peroxidase activity and ascorbate content and maintenance of the latter's redox state appear critical to the chilling tolerance of cucumber fruits at later developmental stages. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Maturity‐related chilling tolerance in mango fruit and the antioxidant capacity involved

BACKGROUND: In order to evaluate how effect of mature stage on the chilling tolerance of mangoes (Mangifera indica L. cv. ‘Zihua’) and the mechanism involved, the fruit were categorized into three stages of ripeness: Green (100% green fruit), Preyellow (10–20% yellow fruit) and Yellow (45–55% yellow fruit) after harvest and stored at 2 °C for 12 days and then incubated at 25 °C for 2 days for chilling injury (CI) development. RESULTS: CI index in Preyellow and Yellow fruit was significantly lower than that of the Green fruit, as a rapid increase in ion leakage was observed in the Green fruit. Activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase of Preyellow and Yellow fruit were higher than those of the Green from day 6 to day 12 during cold storage. A lower content of malondialdehyde but higher levels of glutathione and ascorbic acid were maintained in Preyellow and Yellow fruit than that in Green fruit. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that stronger resistance of Preyellow and Yellow mangoes to CI compared to Green fruit was due to their higher antioxidant capacity involved in the tolerance to chilling temperature. Alleviating CI in mangoes during storage may be achieved by storing the fruit when skin colour is beginning to change to yellow from green. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

冷激处理减轻茄子冷害与活性氧代谢的关系

探讨了冷激处理减轻茄子低温贮藏期间冷害的作用及其与活性氧代谢的关系。茄子果实分别采用0 ℃冰水混合物浸泡处理10、20、30、40 min后于4 ℃贮藏15 d。结果表明：20 min冷激处理能显著降低茄子果实的冷害指数,延缓果肉的褐变,减轻冷害症状;可显著提高茄子果实中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶的活力,抑制超氧阴离子及过氧化氢产生,保持较高的总酚含量和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基清除率,维持较低水平的丙二醛含量和细胞膜透性;还可提高茄子果实脯氨酸含量和可溶性糖质量分数。上述结果表明,冷激处理能维持果实活性氧代谢平衡和提高渗透调节物质含量,从而减轻膜脂过氧化作用,保护膜结构的完整性,进而延缓茄子果实冷害的发生。     

Physiological and Genetic Properties of Tomato Fruits from 2 Cultivars Differing in Chilling Tolerance at Cold Storage

ABSTRACT:  Postharvest tomato fruits are cold-sensitive, and easy to develop chilling injury (CI) at cold storage. Information on physiological and genetic characteristics closely related to CI is necessary because it is significant to realize CI development regular and find sensitive indicators reflecting cultivar cold tolerance, which are the basics to prevent CI. In this study, we used 2 tomato cultivars (Lichun and Santiam) differing in cold tolerance to analyze ion leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) in postharvest fruits chilled at cold storage. Expression of cold-response gene LeCBF1 , a key regulator in cold-response, was also detected. Results showed that ion leakage, with a high correlation coefficient (0.9661) to CI index, exactly reflected injury development phase and degree; sharp increase of MDA and proline content appeared at and before the time of main development phase of CI (10 d); however, fluctuant CAT and POD activities could not sensitively reflect CI development, since their regular changes didn't appear until the main development phase ended. Thus, ion leakage, MDA, and proline content were effective indicators for CI analysis in postharvest tomato fruits. Although physiological analysis was effective in CI analysis, it was complex to be used in judging cold tolerance. Expression of LeCBF1 gene swiftly responded to low temperature within 1 h. In accordance with those physiological parameters, LeCBF 1 expression level was positively correlated with cold tolerance and showed a high correlation to CI index (−0.9176). These suggested that LeCBF1 analysis could be effectively used in fast testing the cold tolerance of tomato.     

高湿贮藏对青椒果实冷害和抗氧化活性的影响

为探究高湿贮藏对减轻青椒果实冷害的作用及其与抗氧化活性的关系,将青椒果实放置于4 ℃、相对湿度分别为96%～99%和70%～75%的干雾控湿高湿冷库和普通低湿冷库中贮存15 d,每3 d测定果实冷害、品质和抗氧化系统相关指标变化。结果表明,高湿贮藏可显著延缓青椒果实的冷害指数、相对电导率和质量损失率的上升及硬度的下降,保持较高的叶绿素、抗坏血酸、总酚和总黄酮含量。与低湿贮藏相比,高湿贮藏还可显著提高超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶的活力,保持较高的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼和羟自由基清除率,减少超氧阴离子和过氧化氢的积累。这些结果表明,高湿贮藏可维持青椒果实较高的抗氧化活性,从而抑制活性氧对青椒的伤害,减少果实冷害的发生。