不同芒果品种果实可溶性糖组分含量特征分析

分析研究芒果主产区（海南、广西）的3种主要芒果品种（台农、金煌、贵妃）的可溶性糖组分含量与差异。以3种芒果主栽品种为材料,对果实中可溶性固形物（total soluble solid,TSS）、总糖、甜度值进行测定;利用高效液相色谱法对成熟期的芒果果实中的可溶性糖及含量进行分析测定。结果表明：芒果果实可溶性糖主要由蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖组成,其中蔗糖含量最高,均值为79.07 mg/g FW;台农果实的总糖、甜度值、蔗糖和果糖含量最高,葡萄糖含量最高的是金煌,可溶性固形物含量最低的是贵妃;芒果果实中蔗糖和果糖含量高低表现为台农＞金煌＞贵妃（品种）、海南＞广西（产地）。相关性分析显示,3种可溶性糖中对果实甜度呈正相关的是蔗糖和果糖。聚类分析可将芒果样品分为蔗糖积累型、中间积累型和己糖（葡萄糖和果糖）积累型。     

降温方法对鸭梨冰温贮藏过程中可溶性糖的影响

该文通过缓慢降温和急速降温方法对早、中、晚3种不同成熟度的鸭梨进行处理并于冰温（0℃～1℃）下贮藏，应用高效液相色谱法（high performance liquid chromatography，HPLC）对鸭梨中可溶性糖含量进行测定。结果表明，鸭梨果肉和果皮的可溶性糖由果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖组成，果糖含量最多，果肉中果糖含量高于果皮。鸭梨在冰温贮藏过程中果肉、果皮的果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖含量均呈现下降趋势。早采和中采缓慢降温处理果的可溶性糖含量普遍高于急速降温处理果，到贮藏末期，中采缓慢降温处理果可溶性糖含量适中。因此，中采鸭梨结合缓慢降温能够更好地保持果实中可溶性糖含量和鸭梨的品质。     

赤霞珠葡萄果实糖积累与糖代谢相关酶的关系

以赤霞珠葡萄果实为试材,在花后20～110d（每隔10d取样一次）,测定和分析果实生长发育过程中糖分（葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖）积累的动态变化,以及不同时期果实己糖激酶（HXK）、细胞壁酸性转化酶（CWINV）和蔗糖合酶（SuSy）活性变化趋势。结果表明,赤霞珠葡萄果实整个发育过程中主要以积累葡萄糖和果糖为主,蔗糖含量极微;HXK活性与葡萄糖、果糖呈相反的变化趋势;葡萄糖和果糖含量低时,CWINV和SuSy的活性开始上升;反之,CWINV和SuSy的活性降低。相关性分析表明,蔗糖含量与葡萄糖、果糖含量显著相关,葡萄糖和果糖含量与CWINV和SuSy活性负相关。     

桑葚果实不同发育期品质测定及其相关性分析

本研究对湛江地区7个桑葚品种青果期、转色期、成熟期三个时期桑葚果的单果重、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸含量及糖和有机酸组成和含量进行了测定,并进行了相关性分析。结果表明,在成熟过程中桑葚果实的可溶性固形物和糖含量呈增加的趋势,而酸则呈降低的趋势;在桑葚果实品种中检测出柠檬酸、苹果酸、奎宁酸、琥珀酸、酒石酸、酮戊二酸、抗坏血酸、草酸共8种有机酸,其中柠檬酸的含量最高,其在不同品种不同发育期含量为44.84%~80.86%,其次为奎宁酸和苹果酸;果糖和葡萄糖是桑葚重要的糖组成,其含量在成熟期的台湾长果桑的含量分别达到57.79 mg/g和66.72 mg/g,并且只有在台湾长果桑中检测到蔗糖;通过相关性分析,可滴定酸与可溶性固形物、果糖、葡萄糖、果重呈负相关,且可溶性固形物、果糖含量、葡萄糖含量三者之间呈极正相关。     

挤出处理对碎米粉中可溶性固形物及可溶性糖含量的影响

将精白米加工过程中产生的碎米粉进行挤出处理,通过正交试验对影响碎米粉中可溶性固形物及可溶性糖含量的主要因素进行研究和分析。结果表明：各因素对可溶性固形物及可溶性糖含量影响强弱次序为水分含量＞螺杆转速＞挤出温度;碎米粉双螺杆挤出的最佳条件为含水量25%、挤出温度140℃、螺杆转速240r/min,在此条件下,碎米粉挤出物中可溶性固形物及可溶性糖含量分别为39.88%、7.90%,分别是未挤出处理样的1.53倍、3.64倍。采用高效液相色谱法,对最佳挤出条件处理的碎米粉中可溶性糖进行检测,其中果糖275.124mg/100g、葡萄糖891.632mg/100g、蔗糖853.144mg/100g、麦芽糖516.576mg/100g、麦芽三糖353.266mg/100g。     

24-表油菜素内酯对杏果实采后抗冷性与可溶性糖含量的影响

为了探究24-表油菜素内酯对杏果实采后抗冷性与可溶性糖含量变化的影响,以新疆‘赛买提’杏为实验材料,用质量浓度0.9 mg/L的24-表油菜素内酯减压渗透处理后置于温度0 ℃、相对湿度90%～95%的冷库贮藏,定期测定杏果实的冷害指数、冷害发病率、丙二醛含量、细胞膜透性及可溶性糖含量变化。结果表明：24-表油菜素内酯可明显降低杏果实低温贮藏期间冷害指数、冷害发病率、丙二醛含量、细胞膜透性,显著提高杏果实果糖、山梨醇和葡萄糖含量（P＜0.05）,降低蔗糖含量（P＜0.05）。表明24-表油菜素内酯能够增强杏果实抗冷性,其可能与诱导果糖、山梨醇和葡萄糖含量的变化密切相关。     

黄土高原旱塬区不同品种苹果果实糖及有机酸含量比较分析

为明确黄土高原旱塬区不同品种苹果果实中糖与有机酸含量的特征,对主栽的30个品种果实中糖、酸类物质含量进行分析。采用高效液相色谱法（High-phase liquid chromatography,HPLC）对30个品种成熟期果实中可溶性糖与有机酸含量进行了测定,并对数据进行单因素方差分析与相关性分析。结果表明:不同品种苹果果实糖组分中果糖含量最高,均值为52.964 mg/g,占总糖含量的48.82%,且二者呈极显著性相关（r=0.787）,果糖含量最高的品种为‘嘎啦’（69.736 mg/g）,大部分品种果实中蔗糖含量高于葡萄糖含量,只有3个品种表现出葡萄糖含量高于蔗糖含量,分别为‘金冠’、‘八月富士’和‘无锈金矮生’;不同品种苹果果实酸组分中苹果酸含量最高,均值为3.857 mg/g,占总酸含量的57.44%,且二者呈极显著性相关（r=0.845）,奎宁酸含量次之,其他种类有机酸含量较低,苹果酸含量最高的品种为‘寒富’（8.109 mg/g）;甜度值/总酸含量大于30的品种有3个,分别为‘世界1号’、‘金冠’和‘嘎啦’,介于20～30之间的品种有13个,小于20的品种有14个。苹果果实中甜度值和总酸含量、以及甜度值与总酸含量的比值共同影响果实风味。     

贮藏温度对采后龙眼果实糖代谢及其相关酶活性的影响

研究采后不同贮藏温度（25、15、4 ℃）对‘石硖’龙眼果实糖组分及相关酶活性的影响。测定龙眼果肉可溶性固形物含量（SSC）、3种主要糖含量和糖代谢相关酶活性的变化,对不同贮藏温度各个时期样品进行主成分分析和载荷因子分析,并对各指标进行相关性分析。结果表明:25 ℃贮藏的龙眼SSC下降最快,贮藏8 d即从23.5%降至22.0%,且蔗糖含量下降最快,葡萄糖和果糖含量呈上升趋势;15 、4 ℃均能有效延缓SSC的下降,4 ℃贮藏的龙眼SSC下降更慢且蔗糖和葡萄糖含量下降的最慢,但果糖含量的下降快于15 ℃。不同温度贮藏龙眼果肉的酸性转化酶（AI）、中性转化酶（NI）和蔗糖合成酶（SS）活性均随着贮藏时间的延长升高,25 ℃上升的幅度和速度最快,15 ℃次之,4 ℃上升的最平缓,表明低温显著抑制了蔗糖代谢酶活性的升高。相关性分析表明,不同温度贮藏的龙眼蔗糖含量与SSC呈极显著正相关,表明SSC一定程度上可反映蔗糖含量;蔗糖含量与葡萄糖含量呈显著正相关,同时与AI、NI、SS呈显著负相关,推测葡萄糖和果糖由蔗糖降解而来;葡萄糖含量和果糖含量呈极显著正相关,但二者在15 ℃和4 ℃贮藏果实中下降规律不一致,暗示二者的消耗有所差异。以上结果说明,低温可以明显抑制龙眼果实糖代谢和相关酶活性的升高从而减缓贮藏过程中糖分的分解,延长贮藏时间,其中,4 ℃贮藏效果最佳。     

干制条件对杏果中糖含量变化的影响

以新疆赛买提杏为原料,研究热风干制和自然晒制过程中糖含量变化规律,包括果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、果胶和粗纤维等。结果表明,杏果实中葡萄糖含量大于果糖含量,干制过程中果糖、葡萄糖及还原糖含量降低,且热风干制温度越高,还原糖降解幅度越大。热风温度处理有利于杏果中蔗糖和可溶性总糖在干制初期的积累。随着干制温度升高,蔗糖与果糖、葡萄糖、还原糖的相关性由极显著负相关水平逐渐向正相关水平转化,说明热作用下蔗糖又降解成果糖和葡萄糖等还原糖类物质。干制过程中可溶性果胶含量增加,原果胶和粗纤维含量降低,说明在干制过程中杏果存在后熟软化的现象。因此,通过控制干制条件在一定范围内能够调控杏果中糖的组分和含量,改善杏干的品质。     

草莓的光学特性及其与可溶性固形物含量和含水率的关系

为了解水果的光学特性及其与可溶性固形物含量和含水率的关系,本实验采用单积分球技术搭建光学特性测量系统,并对系统进行了验证;进而以‘红颜’、‘甜香’和‘章姬’草莓为对象,测定950～1 650 nm波长范围内草莓的光吸收系数μa和约化散射系数μ’s,分析光学参数与草莓可溶性固形物含量和含水率间的关系;建立基于光学参数谱预测草莓可溶性固形物含量和含水率的偏最小二乘模型。结果表明,该系统测量μa和μ’s的平均相对误差分别为8.23%和3.71%;整个波长范围内,μa在975、1 197 nm和1 411 nm波长处存在峰值,而μ’s基本随波长的增大而减小;草莓的μa与可溶性固形物含量呈负相关,而与含水率呈正相关,且吸收峰处出现相关系数极值;基于μa谱所构建模型具有最好的预测可溶性固形物含量（rp＝0.815、预测集均方根误差（root mean squares error of prediction,RMSEP）＝1.153%）和含水率（rp＝0.757、RMSEP＝1.280%）的能力,说明可溶性固形物含量和含水率主要影响草莓的吸收特性,基于吸收特性可以更好地预测草莓的内部品质。     

鲜玉米中可溶性糖含量的测定

采用高效液相色谱法对鲜玉米中可溶性糖含量进行检测。色谱柱为Agilent Zorbax carbohydrate柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),流动相为75%乙腈,柱温25℃,流速1mL/min。相关系数r在0.99839～0.99995(n=5)之间;精密度实验RSD为0.90%～3.80%(n=5);平均回收率在95.28%～101.02%之间。该方法准确、可靠,可以快速准确的对鲜玉米中可溶性糖进行定性定量分析。     

Sugar and Soluble Solids Changes in Refrigerated Sweet Corn (Zea mays L)

Three sweet corn (Zea mays L) genotypes, one cultivar each, were tested for sugar and soluble solids changes at 6°C for 5 days. Genotypes and cultivars were sugary (su), ‘Silver Queen’; sugary enhanced (se), ‘Incredible’ and super sweet (sh 2), ‘How Sweet It Is.’ Fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose, total sugars and °Brix were measured. Sucrose predominated. Generally, °Brix, fructose, glucose and sucrose decreased and maltose increased, sh 2 had lowest °Brix and highest sucrose and total sugars, and su had highest °Brix and lowest sucrose and total sugars, su consisted of 3.8% total sugars (DWB); se, 7.2% and sh 2, 10.9%. Overall correlation coefficient between °Brix and total sugars was ?0.99.     

A Comparison of Enzymatic and Lime Treatments for Extraction of Alcohol Soluble Solids from Citrus Peel

Digestion of citrus wastes by pectolytic and cellulolytic enzymes was compared to the currently employed lime method of solubilizing solids from citrus peel. Maximal soluble solids removed from the pressed peel occurred after 6 hr incubation at 45°C with a pectinase concentration of 1.0 PGu/g peel mixture. Decreasing the particle size of the peel caused a 4 - 10% increase in solids removal after enzyme treatment. Addition of cellulase enzyme (20 CEu/g peel mixture) to pectinase enzyme (1.0 PGu/g peel mixture) removed an additional 15% soluble solids from peel. Glucose, fructose, arabinose, and xylose were the major sugars extracted from enzymetreated peel, while sucrose was the major sugar in lime-treated peel samples. Organic acids (citric, malic, and quinic) were present at higher concentrations in lime-treated peel extracts than in enzymetreated peel extracts.     

Sugars and acids of strawberry varieties

The sugar and acid compositions of six strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa Duch.) varieties from 1997 and 1998, grown in different conditions, 26 samples in all, were investigated by GC as trimethylsilyl derivatives. The major sugars were glucose (1.89–4.52?g/100?ml), fructose (2.14–4.14?g/100?ml) and sucrose (0.90–3.87?g/100?ml), the major acids being citric (0.73–1.58?g/100?ml) and malic (0.22–0.69?g/100?ml). Total sugar content (glucose+fructose+sucrose) varied from 5.35?g/100?ml to 10.96?g/100?ml in accordance with soluble solids (°Brix). The correlation between them showed a linear regression y=0.873x-0.420, the percentage of determination of the regression model being 82.1%. Among one variety only, ‘Senga Sengana’, the percentage of the model was 86.9%. No significant differences were found between the strawberries from conventional versus those from organic farms. Contents of sugars and soluble solids were lower in varieties ‘Jonsok’ and ‘Honeoye’ than in ‘Korona’, ‘Bounty’ and ‘Polka’. The concentrations of malic acid were significantly higher in Senga Sengana, Jonsok and Bounty than in other varieties.     

新疆地区与黄河流域红富士苹果性状与品质分析

精选新疆地区、黄河流域16种红富士苹果,进行果实性状、营养成分分析和感官评价:新疆阿克苏、伊犁特克斯和陕西洛川的红富士苹果表现最佳。4地红富士苹果平均单果重甘肃陕西新疆山东,种群内变异性大(CV15%),具有显著性差异(p=00.05)。16种红富士苹果种群内部营养成分变异性较大(CV10%),尤其Vc、蛋白、膳食纤维(CV25%);不同产地间红富士还原糖(p=00.05)、可溶性固形物(p=0.05)、膳食纤维(p=0.0230.05)具有显著性差异。风味评分与固酸比之间具有显著正相关关系(p=00.05,r=0.886),新疆红富士具有更高的固酸比,且与其它地区具有显著性差异(p=0.0090.05),使得新疆红富士苹果更能满足人们对于风味的较高要求且与其它地区具有显著性差异(p=0.0030.05)。此外,还原糖与可溶性固形物具有显著正相关关系(p=0.0010.05,r=0.75),总酸和可溶性固形物之间存在显著正相关关系(p=0.0140.05,r=0.602)。     

氯吡苯脲对生长期‘徐香’猕猴桃光学参数及内部品质的影响及其关系分析

为了解氯吡苯脲(1-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)-3-phenylurea,CPPU)对生长期‘徐香’猕猴桃光学参数和内部品质的影响以及光学参数与内部品质的关系，采用单积分球系统(950～1 650 nm)测定经不同质量浓度(0、10、20 mg/L)CPPU处理的生长期猕猴桃的光学吸收系数(μ_a)和约化散射系数(μ_s’)，并测定猕猴桃的内部品质(可溶性固形物含量(soluble solids content,SSC)、含水率及硬度)；分析光学参数与内部品质之间的关系，并建立预测内部品质的偏最小二乘回归(partial least squares regression,PLSR)模型。结果表明，CPPU处理使得猕猴桃的硬度降低，含水率升高，但对SSC无显著影响(P>0.05)，且CPPU处理导致猕猴桃的光学参数值发生变化；μ_a和μ_s’与猕猴桃同一种内部品质之间呈现不同的正负相关性，且相关系数随波长而变化，并在某一波段内有较好的相关性；基于μ_a谱建立的PLS...     

Predict Compositions and Mechanical Properties of Sugar Beet Using Hyperspectral Scattering

Sucrose, soluble solids, and moisture content and mechanical properties are important quality/property attributes of sugar beet. In this study, hyperspectral scattering images for the spectral region of 500–1000 nm were acquired, from which relative mean spectra were calculated. Prediction models were developed using partial least squares regression for both full spectra and selected wavelengths. The results showed that using relative mean spectra gave good predictions for the moisture, soluble solids, and sucrose content of beet slices with the correlations of 0.75–0.88 and the standard errors of prediction of 0.95–1.08 based on full-spectrum partial least squares regression (PLSR) models. PLSR models using wavelength selection with the uninformative variable elimination (UVE) method produced similar prediction accuracy. However, both modeling approaches gave poor predictions for the mechanical properties of beets with the correlation values of 0.46–0.63. The research demonstrated the potential of hyperspectral scattering imaging for measuring quality attributes of sugar beet.     

Sugar composition of apple juices

Fifty-one samples from 12 geographic growing regions of Turkey and 3 varieties common for production of apple juice concentrate were processed to apple juice and analysed for their sugar composition. Enzymatic analyses was used to determine soluble sugars of apple juice. Glucose, fructose, sucrose, total sugar concentrations (g/l) and total soluble solids (%) of apple juices were ranged, respectively, as follows: 9.30-32.2, 66.10-96.00, 8.5-55.10, 110.90-164.40, 11.80-18.60. Cultivar significantly influenced the content of all the sugar analysed. Significant differences in fructose and sucrose concentrations have also been found between some growing areas.