富硒乳酸菌发酵条件的研究

通过单因素试验和L27(313)正交试验,确定了乳酸菌富硒的最佳发酵条件.正交试验结果表明,影响乳酸菌总硒量的主要因素是培养温度、接种量、亚硒酸钠浓度和培养温度与接种量的一次交互作用.最佳发酵条件为培养基初始pH为6.6,亚硒酸钠浓度为18 μg/mL,装液量为150 mL/250 mL三角瓶,接种量5.5%,培养温度 42 ℃,培养时间45.5 h.在此优化条件下,富硒乳酸菌生物量可达6.85 g/L,细胞硒含量达1100 μg/g,硒总含量可达7536 μg/L,细胞硒含量的92.15%为有机硒.     

高生物量富硒酵母菌的选育

以酿酒酵母PT为出发菌株,采用梯度浓度筛选的方法对其进行驯化,得到1株生物量较高和对亚硒酸钠抗性较高的菌株GB-1。对其进行紫外诱变处理,当致死率达91.85%时,获得多株突变株。通过多次平板初筛和摇瓶复筛,得到1株高生物量富硒酵母UV-PT。采用响应面法对富硒酵母UV-PT发酵条件进行了优化。借助于SAS软件,首先利用Plackett-Burman试验设计筛选出影响富硒的3个主要因素,即转速、温度、初始pH值。在此基础上,再利用Box-Behnken试验设计及响应面分析法对发酵条件进行优化,确定最佳发酵条件:转速为203r/min,发酵温度为30.3℃,初始pH值为4.52。结果表明,优化后富硒酵母的生物量和含硒量分别为10.62g/L、1003.26μg/g,硒总含量为10654.62μg/L,为出发菌株的1.62倍。     

高生物量富硒酵母菌的选育

以酿酒酵母PT为出发菌株,采用梯度浓度筛选的方法对其进行驯化,得到1株生物量较高和对亚硒酸钠抗性较高的菌株GB-1.对其进行紫外诱变处理,当致死率达91.85%时,获得多株突变株.通过多次平板初筛和摇瓶复筛,得到1株高生物量富硒酵母UV-PT.采用响应面法对富硒酵母UV-PT发酵条件进行了优化.借助于SAS软件,首先利用Plaekett-Burman试验设计筛选出影响富硒的3个主要因素,即转速、温度、初始pH值.在此基础上,再利用Box-Behnken试验设计及响应面分析法对发酵条件进行优化,确定最佳发酵条件:转速为203r/min,发酵温度为30.3℃,初始PH值为4.52.结果表明,优化后富硒酵母的生物量和含硒量分别为10.62g/L、1003.26ug/g,硒总含量为10654.62ug/L,为出发菌株的1.62倍.     

富硒酵母的分离鉴定及富硒条件的优化

富硒酵母生产发酵食品是补充硒元素的有效方法,以实验室保存的酵母菌为材料,通过选择培养基平板稀释法,分离纯化得 到四株富硒酵母,经形态学和分子生物学鉴定,初步鉴定菌株Z4、Z5、Z7、Z9均为库德毕赤酵母（Pichia kudriavzevii）。 通过对比四株菌 的生长曲线及富硒能力,发现Z5菌株生长状况最好,选取接种量、碳源（葡萄糖）和氮源（蛋白胨）添加量作为单一因素,通过单因素 试验和正交试验,探究各影响因素对菌株Z5富硒能力的影响。 结果表明,Z5菌株的最佳富硒发酵条件为接种量10%,葡萄糖2.4%,蛋 白胨1.8%。 在此最佳条件下,菌株Z5生物量为9.63 g/L,总硒含量可达到862 μg/g。     

啤酒酵母的富硒条件和效果研究

研究了硒添加量、接种量、培养时间及装液量对啤酒酵母富硒作用的影响。结果表明，培养基中的硒添加量是影响啤酒酵母富硒效果的最主要因素，在初步确定的优化培养条件下（硒添加量20mg／L，接种量5％，培养时间20h，装液量60mL／250mL三角瓶），富硒酵母中的硒含量达920．3μg／g，硒总含量达4038．7μg／L，富硒效果较好。     

高生物量富硒产朊假丝酵母培养基优化

对富硒产朊假丝酵母发酵培养基进行优化,获得高生物量富硒酵母。从6种发酵培养基中确定G改良培养基为最佳培养基。利用Plackett-Burman设计法从影响富硒产朊假丝酵母生长的12个因子中筛选出葡萄糖、蛋白胨、KH2PO4、CuSO4添加量这4个关键因子。再利用Box-Behnken试验设计及响应面分析法确定关键因子的最佳水平及交互作用。试验得出各关键因子的最优组合为葡萄糖30 g/L、蛋白胨17 g/L、KH2PO4 6.5 g/L、CuSO4 0.01 g/L。结果表明,培养基优化后酵母生物量为12.01 g/L,有机硒含量为1 337.46 μg/g,谷胱甘肽为134.27 mg/L。将培养基中亚硒酸钠添加量由25 μg/mL提高至30 μg/mL,酵母生物量为11.21 g/L,有机硒为1 673.32 μg/g,谷胱甘肽为126.80 mg/L。     

富硒冬虫夏草发酵工艺优化

采用冬虫夏草作为富硒的载体,啤酒糟为基质,进行富硒冬虫夏草液态深层发酵试验,研究冬虫夏草对无机硒的生物转化能力.利用正交试验设计,对富硒冬虫夏草液态深层发酵条件如摇床转速、接种量、pH等进行了优化.结果表明,冬虫夏草能在含有低质量浓度亚硒酸钠（10～25mg/L）的培养基中生长,并在菌丝体内富集硒,最佳发酵工艺为摇床频率180r/min、培养10d的条件下,装液量50mL/250mL,pH值为7.0,接种量15％,温度20℃,亚硒酸钠质量浓度25 mg/L,啤酒糟质量浓度20 mg/L.在此优化的发酵条件下,富硒冬虫夏草菌丝体总富硒量为5808.20 μg/L.     

富锗酵母培养条件优化及分析

该研究通过向麦芽汁培养基中添加GeO2培养啤酒酵母的方法来制备富锗酵母.测定富锗酵母的生物量及锗含量来评价其品质.对培养条件进行了优化.确定培养条件为:培养温度28℃,摇床转速200r/min,培养基锗离子添加浓度为100mg/L,培养基的装液量80mL/250mL三角瓶,种子液接种量10％(v/v),培养基初始pH值为为6.0,培养时间60h.优化培养条件制备所得的富锗酵母生物量可以达到(3.85+0.17)g/L,而其锗含量可以达(758.6+31.6)μg/g,其中有机锗含量为92.8％.采用红外光谱法分析空白酵母粉和富锗酵母粉,比较酵母富集Ge元素前后红外吸收峰的变化.     

梯棱羊肚菌富硒条件优化工艺研究

为得到梯棱羊肚菌最佳富硒条件,在硒浓度、装液量、发酵时间及pH值单因素试验的基础上,以菌丝生物量及富硒率为指标,通过L_9(3~4)正交试验筛选出梯棱羊肚菌最佳液体富硒条件。结果表明:梯棱羊肚菌最佳液体富硒培养条件为:硒浓度20.0 mg/L、装液量125.0 mL/250.0 mL、发酵时间8 d、pH值为7.0,在此条件下菌丝生物量达到11.304 g/L,硒含量为0.683 mg/g,富硒率为37.15%。结果可为富硒羊肚菌液体菌种制备及羊肚菌富硒液体深层发酵提供参考。     

富铬酵母培养条件优化及分析

通过在培养基中添加Cr3 制备富铬酵母,测定富铬酵母生物量及铬的含量进行培养条件优化实验,结果表明,培养温度28℃,摇床转数220r/min,培养基CrCl3·6H2O添加量为20mg/L,装液量50mL/250mL三角瓶,接种量5%(v/v),pH值为6.0,培养时间72h,获得的富铬酵母生物量可达(12.11±0.14)g/L,铬含量可达(184.68±0.07)μg/g,铬总含量达到了(2236.48±26.62)g/L。其中有机铬含量为88.9%。对空白酵母和富铬酵母进行红外光谱分析,比较了酵母富集Cr3 前后吸收峰的变化,并对空白酵母和富铬酵母中的17种氨基酸的组成进行了分析。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.