菊芋秆资源在造纸工业的利用

对菊芋秆的纤维特性、化学成分及制浆造纸性能进行了研究。研究结果表明：菊芋秆纤维平均长度为0．72mm，最大值为2．21mm，最小值为0．22mm。菊芋秆的聚戊糖含量为16．08％，综纤维素为62．59％，均比人工构树木质部低5％～11％。采用NaOH-AQ法制浆，制浆得率为51％；以10％的有效氯用量漂白KMnO4值为15．5的浆料，浆料白度可达到70．21％ISO。采用化学预浸渍工艺制浆，其磨浆得率为88．7％，配入20％进口#11废旧箱纸板抄纸，成纸的裂断长达到了7．65Km／4．03km（纵／横），环压强度为257.0N／m／187．0N／m．     

不同树龄杂交构树的纤维特性及制浆性能研究

对不同树龄杂交构树的产量、化学成分、纤维形态、制浆性能进行了研究.结果表明,2年生的杂交构树,其经济性要高于1年生和3年生.不同树龄杂交构树木质部纤维形态差别较小,纤维粗短,长宽比小,细小组分含量较多.而杂交构树韧皮部纤维平均长度均大于7mm,纤维细长,是优质的纤维原料.从化学组成上看杂交构树木质部化学组成相当于一般的阔叶木原料.杂交构树全皮中1%NaOH和苯-醇抽出物含量较高,主要集中在黑皮中.杂交构树白皮的木素含量较低,全皮的木素含量相对较高,且主要集中在黑皮中,同时黑皮中灰分含量高达10.68%,所以黑皮的存在对韧皮纤维原料制浆是不利的,应尽晕除去.不同树龄杂交构树的APMP浆物理性能差别较小.杂交构树APMP与适量的针叶木化学浆配抄,可以制得优等轻型纸和新闻纸.     

光叶楮木质部纤维特性与化学法制浆性能的研究

对速生纸材新品种光叶楮木质部的纤维特性以及化学法制浆性能进行了研究.结果表明,光叶楮木质部纤维较短,细小纤维含量高,但纤维长度分布均一;采用KP法和NaOH-AQ法制浆,所得纸浆与速生杨木浆相比,裂断长接近,但撕裂指数和耐折度较低;KP浆和NaOH-AQ浆相比,前者强度较好;2种浆料采用CEH漂白,均具有较好的可漂性,尤其KP浆可漂性更好,在有效氯用量7%下,白度可达80%ISO;漂白浆与未漂浆相比,尽管强度有所降低,但变化不大.另外,在利用其木质部制漂白化学浆的过程中,还必须加强备料、筛选,筛除杂细胞以改善纸浆质量.     

芨芨草烧碱-AQ制浆及其OPP漂白

介绍芨芨草烧碱-AQ法化学制浆及浆料的OPP漂白。通过实验室小试,对不同用碱量情况下,芨芨草烧碱-AQ法化学制浆性能进行了探讨,认为芨芨草原料采用12%用碱量的烧碱-AQ法制浆比较适宜。其成浆白度38.0%ISO,Kappa值17.0,得率50.5%,细浆满足后续漂白要求。采用OPP漂白流程漂白后其浆料白度达76.0%ISO,抗张指数50.4N·m/g,撕裂指数5.36mN·m^2/g。漂白浆可用于各种高档文化用纸的配抄。     

红麻全秆亚硫酸氢镁浆HMP漂白

对红麻亚硫酸氢镁浆HMP三段漂白进行了研究。结果表明,采用金城纸业常规的单段次氯酸盐漂白条件,当有效氯用量为2%时,白度可由46.2%ISO提高到53.2%ISO;采用H加P两段漂白,白度可以进一步提高到72.4%ISO,但还未达到高白度80%ISO要求。在HP漂序中间添加M段预处理形成HMP三段漂白,在预处理条件为pH值3.0、浆浓8%、时间60min、温度40℃、M助剂用量为2%时,可以将红麻浆白度提高到80.97%ISO。实验表明,用HMP三段漂白红麻亚硫酸氢镁浆,在适宜的工艺条件下可以使浆料白度提高到80%ISO以上,满足高白度文化用纸的要求,并且大幅度降低单段次氯酸盐漂白带来的污染物。     

杂交枸树木质部制浆性能初探

对杂交枸树木质部进行了硫酸盐法和APMP制浆性能的试验.结果表明,在适宜药品用量下,均能制得较好性能的硫酸盐浆和APMP浆.硫酸盐法制浆,其细浆得率为49.5%,采用HD两段漂白,纸浆白度可达80%ISO,且有较好的强度性能指标.APMP制浆,纸浆白度72.1%ISO,裂断长4.59km,有较好的不透明度和光散射系数.     

棕榈丝制浆造纸的可行性研究

对棕榈丝的化学成分、纤维形态及制浆造纸的可行性进行了研究。结果表明:棕榈丝的灰分及抽出物均比蔗渣和杂交狼尾草低,Klason木素含量与蔗渣相当,综纤维素略高于蔗渣。纤维平均长度约为1.0mm,长度分布较为均匀,杂细胞含量相对较少。其硫酸盐法浆裂断长为6.12km,撕裂指数为5.74mN·m2/g。次氯酸盐单段漂后白度达79.9%ISO。其化学预浸机械法浆,可配加20%的针叶木本色浆生产箱纸板。     

光叶楮木质部SCMP制浆及H2O2漂白性能的研究

对速生纸材新品种光叶楮的木质部进行了SCMP制浆适性、打浆以及H2O2漂白性能的研究.结果表明,SCMP未漂浆的白度可达54.9%ISO,裂断长达4.11km,撕裂指数3.90mN·m2/g,不透明度93.5%.对SCMP浆料进行H2O2单段漂白,在较低H2O2用量条件下,浆料白度能达66.5%ISO,裂断长达到4km,与未漂SCMP相比,撕裂指数有了明显的提高,均在4.2mN·m2/g以上.实验中发现,在利用其木质部制SCMP及漂白的过程中,必须加强备料、筛选,筛除杂细胞以改善其滤水性能及抄造性能,进一步提高纸浆质量.     

圆果黄麻的制浆性能试验

对圆果黄麻的纤维形态、化学成分及制浆性能进行了研究。结果表明,圆果黄麻韧皮部纤维平均长度为2.17mm,木质芯部平均长度为0.64mm;圆果黄麻全秆的纤维素和木素含量均低于针叶材和阔叶材;热水抽出物、1%NaOH抽出物、苯-醇抽出物含量均高于针叶材和阔叶材;圆果黄麻全秆适于采用机械法、烧碱-蒽醌法、硫酸盐法、碱性亚硫酸钠法制浆。     

美国红麻的制浆性能分析

对首次在广西引种的美国红麻的纤维形态、化学成分及制浆性能进行了研究。结果表明,红麻韧皮部纤维平均长度为2．32mm,木质芯部平均长度为0．73mm;红麻全杆的纤维素和木素含量分别为36．5％和16．4％,均低于针叶材和阔叶材;热水抽出物、1％NaOH抽出物、苯-醇抽出物含量均高于针叶材和阔叶材;红麻全杆适于采用机械法、烧碱-蒽醌法、硫酸盐法、碱性亚硫酸钠法制浆。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.