碱液提取小麦麸皮木聚糖的研究

通过碱液浸提法及酸法干蒸与碱液浸提相结合两种方法，对已去除淀粉和蛋白质的小麦麸皮进行处理，提取木聚糖。并最终选取NaOH溶液浓度2％、料液比1：10、提取温度80℃、提取时间2h、60目麸皮为NaOH溶液浸提法提取木聚糖的试验条件。选取H2SO。溶液浓度0．1％、酸解时间8h、酸解温度60℃；蒸煮时间30min．蒸煮温度125℃；NaOH溶液浓度3％、碱液浸提时间2h、碱液浸提温度60℃为酸法干蒸与碱液浸提法相结合提取木聚糖的试验条件。     

桂花黄酮类化合物最佳提取工艺研究

通过乙醇浸提及正交试验探讨了从三个桂花品种中提取黄酮的最佳工艺条件。苏州农院银桂：乙醇浓度80％，提取时间3h，固液比1：40，提取温度90℃，总黄酮含量19．16％。苏州光福金桂：乙醇浓度80％，提取时间3h，固液比1：40，提取温度70℃，总黄酮含量17．14％。苏州光福银桂：乙醇浓度60％，提取时间2h，固液比1：60，提取温度70℃，总黄酮含量17．86％。     

从乌贼内壳提取β-壳聚糖及其结构表征

研究了用乌贼内壳制备β-甲壳素和壳聚糖，结果乌贼内壳背木盾提取甲壳素的最佳条件为：先用1．5mol／L HCl浸24h，再用1．5mol／L NaOH于80℃浸3h，产率为3．55％。从乌贼内壳周缘提取甲壳素的最佳条件为：先用1．5mol／L HCl浸24h，再用1mol／L NaOH75℃浸3h，产率为30．00％：产品用IR和XRD表征。致突变试验结果表明用乌贼内壳制备的β-壳聚糖无致突变性。     

从麻辣小龙虾虾壳中提取甲壳素的研究

本试验以麻辣小龙虾虾壳为原料，研究提取甲壳素的工艺奈件。通过正交试验发现，酸浸脱盐的最适条件为1．5％盐酸、40℃、1．0h；热碱脱脂脱蛋白的最适条件为：8％氢氧化钠、90℃、5h。     

元宝枫叶总黄酮的提取研究

用乙醇作为溶剂，采用常规浸提法及超声辅助法对元宝枫叶总黄酮的提取进行了对比研究。通过单因素及正交试验结果得到浸提法的优化条件为：溶剂为体积分数50％的乙醇溶液，料液比1g：25mL，提取时间1．5h，浸提温度70℃。按照此条件提取两次，第一次提取率94．16％，第二次1．36％；超声辅助法的优化条件为：溶剂为体积分数50％的乙醇溶液，料液比1g：15mL，提取时间0．5h，浸提温度60℃。按照此条件提取两次，第一次提取率为96．29％，第二次提取率为3．11％．     

猕猴桃多糖提取工艺的研究

研究稀酸浸提法,稀碱浸提法,乙醇溶液浸提法和热水浸提法及温度、时间、料液比对猕猴桃多糖提取效果的影响,结果表明采用热水浸提法提取效果最好,温度80℃、提取时间4 h、提取料液比为1:30时,得到结果最佳.正交试验L9(34)结果表明,温度为主要影响因素.得到最佳提取工艺为:料液比1:25、温度85℃和时间4 h.     

黄芪多糖的提取及其对自由基的清除作用

用水浴浸提法提取黄芪多糖，有最高得率。其工艺条件为：固液质量比1：60，乙醇浓度80％，于90℃水浴提取3h。黄芪多糖提取液对自由基的清除作用也进行了研究。     

提取方法对挤压文冠果油品质和贮藏变化的影响

研究不同提取方法对挤压过的文冠果仁中提取的油脂理化性质和提取率的影响,以及贮藏过程中酸价、MDA的变化。研究表明超声波辅助浸提法为文冠果油提取的最佳方法,其提取条件为:文冠果经挤压处理后,以石油醚为提取溶剂,超声波处理1.5 h(温度65℃)后在85℃浸提6.5 h。提取的文冠果油品质较好,且宜贮藏。     

菠萝蜜果皮黄酮提取工艺优化及比较

为筛选适合菠萝蜜果皮黄酮的提取方法,以得率为评价指标,应用酶法和有机溶剂浸提法提取其果皮中的黄酮类化合物,在单因素基础上,通过正交实验,优化提取工艺,并对两种提取方法结果进行比较评价。结果表明,酶法提取菠萝蜜果皮黄酮最佳工艺条件为:果胶酶用量300 U/g、乙醇浓度80%(v/v)、温度55℃、p H5.5、底物质量浓度45 g/L,时间2.0 h;有机溶剂浸提最佳工艺条件为:乙醇浓度80%(v/v),温度55℃,料液比1∶20(g/m L),时间2.5 h;酶法提取黄酮类化合物得率和纯度分别为4.98%、12.60%,高于有机溶剂浸提法的3.05%、8.92%,提取物的抗氧化性强于有机溶剂浸提法,说明酶法提取菠萝蜜果皮黄酮优于传统有机溶剂浸提法。     

龙眼核总生物碱提取工艺

采用乙醇浸提法研究了龙眼核总生物碱的提取工艺,探讨了各种因素对总生物碱提取的影响,并用正交试验优化对总生物碱的提取最佳工艺进行了优化.结果表明,最佳参数组合是温度60℃,提取时间2h,乙醇浓度70％,料液比1:15(g/mL).在此条件下,龙眼核总生物碱的提取率为2.33％.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.