葱属植物生物活性物质的研究进展

葱属植物含有含硫化合物、甾体皂苷、黄酮类化合物和多糖等活性物质，具有多种生理功能，如抑菌消炎、抗血小板聚集、抗氧化、降低胆固醇、抗肿瘤和缓解糖尿病等作用。本文综述了葱属植物中的生物活性物质及其生理功能的研究进展。     

特殊植物皂甙的测定方法研究

皂甙化合物是一类分布广泛、具有重要药理活性的天然化合物,其结构复杂、种类繁多,测定其在植物、药物制剂和保健食品中的含量十分重要。对一些较特殊的植物皂甙的来源和测定方法进行了概括,希望对推动皂甙成分的分析研究起到一定作用。     

竹节参皂苷类成分的研究

目的研究中药竹节参皂苷类化学成分。方法采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱及高效液相色谱等方法,提取分离纯化中药竹节参,根据理化性质和波谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果分离得到3个化合物,分别为人参皂苷-Rg_2(1)﹑人参皂苷-Rh_1(2)﹑人参皂苷-Rk_3(3)。结论化合物3为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

韭菜生物活性及其药食资源开发进展

基于韭菜的多种化学成分,如含硫化合物、黄酮类化合物、甾体皂苷类化合物、含氮化合物、植物油类、维生素、微量元素等,综述韭菜抗血小板凝聚、抑菌抗癌、抗氧化作用、提高性功能、治疗呃逆、降血脂等生理功能,并对其药食资源产品现状和开发方向进行了总结和分析,旨在为韭菜的系统研究和深入开发提供参考。     

苦瓜保健功能的研究进展

苦瓜作为一种药食两用植物,其富含苦瓜多糖、皂苷、多肽、黄酮类化合物等多种活性成分,具有辅助降血糖、降血脂、抗氧化、增强免疫力及预防肥胖等保健功能。文章综述了国内外学者对苦瓜活性成分和保健功能的研究进展,并对其进行了展望。     

癞葡萄皂苷的分离、纯化及其结构鉴定

分别使用AB-8大孔树脂、C18填料柱,从癞葡萄醇提取物中分离纯化癞葡萄皂苷,并用高效液相色谱法测定所得化合物的相对含量,最后使用质谱、核磁共振的方法对其分子结构进行了鉴定.结果成功分离纯化出一种皂苷,经测定,该皂苷的纯度为95.70%,结构鉴定为葫芦烷-5-烯-3β,22,23,24,25-四羟基-3-O-3-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→6)-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷.     

乳酸菌生物转化药食同源植物活性成分研究进展

随着人们对营养与健康意识的不断提高,植物基食品尤其是药食同源类植物近年来受到极大关注,其主要活性物质包括皂苷、黄酮、多糖及挥发油等,而作为传统及现代食品发酵工业中常用发酵剂菌种的乳酸菌,属于人体肠道内固有有益微生物,具有良好的生物转化及促进人体健康的作用。因此,利用具有高安全性的乳酸菌发酵转化药食同源植物以产生更多活性物质来提高功效已成为研究热点之一。本文从生物转化作用及转化机制的角度,重点阐述了乳酸菌对药食同源植物皂苷、黄酮及多糖类化合物的生物转化作用,旨在为乳酸菌生物转化药食同源植物活性成分的相关研究及其产品开发提供思路。     

植物花中黄酮类化合物的提取技术及其生物活性研究现状

黄酮类化合物具有多种生理功能,植物花是黄酮类化合物的重要来源。综述了植物花中黄酮类化合物的提取技术,探讨了植物花中黄酮类化合物的生物活性,并对其开发利用进行了展望。     

气相色谱-质谱联用法和高效液相色谱法测定4种人参酒中的皂苷和挥发性成分

目的 探究不同种人参醇提物中皂苷和挥发性成分的差异。方法 将四种参粉碎后用乙醇浸泡后,经顶空固相微萃取 (Headspace solid phase microextraction)结合气相色谱-质谱联用法（Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry）测定其挥发性成分,再用高效液相色谱法（High performance liquid chromatography）测定其皂苷成分。结果 分别在红参、西洋参、鲜参和生晒参酒中检测出39种、28种、39种和28种挥发性成分,其中白菖烯、(E)-β-金合欢烯、表蓝桉醇为共有的挥发性成分,倍半萜类化合物是人参酒的主要化合物,相对含量分别为42.3%、37.71%、46.25%和54.68%;分别在红参、西洋参、鲜参和生晒参酒分别检测出11种、9种、13种和9种皂苷,其中Rg3仅在红参酒中检测出。结论 4种参酒中的皂苷种类和挥发性成分均有差异,红参酒和鲜参酒呈现出更多种类的皂苷和挥发性成分。     

6种金花茶组植物的花朵活性成分分析与评价

以6种金花茶组植物盛开期花朵为材料，测定花朵中主要活性成分类黄酮、总酚、总皂苷和总多糖的含量，并进行主成分分析与相关性分析，为金花茶组植物的开发利用提供参考依据。结果表明：6种金花茶组植物花朵中均含有类黄酮、总酚、总多糖及总皂苷，但4种活性成分含量在种间差异显著，罗斯曼金花茶花朵中类黄酮、总酚及总多糖含量均为最高，夏石金花茶与崇左金花茶总皂苷含量处于最高水平；主成分分析法提取出2个主成分，累计贡献率达95.621%，选出类黄酮和总皂苷2个核心指标用于评价金花茶组植物活性成分价值，通过综合评价模型方程，得到6种金花茶组植物活性成分综合价值由高到低排序为：罗斯曼金花茶＞崇左金花茶＞龙州金花茶＞红顶金花茶＞夏石金花茶＞显脉金花茶；在6种金花茶组植物种盛开期花朵中类黄酮含量与总酚含量呈显著正相关关系。6种金花茶组植物花朵中均富含4种活性成分，种间差异明显，罗斯曼金花茶花朵中活性成分综合价值最高。     

天然表面活性剂皂荚皂甙的性能与应用

为了更有效的利用和开发皂荚资源,提出了由皂荚通过提取、分离、纯化来制备纯净的总皂甙的工艺流程;并对副备的纯化总皂甙的表面活性主要指标进行了测试,表明皂荚皂甙具有优良的乳化、起泡等性能;同时,本文还对皂荚皂甙应用于洗发香波、餐洗剂、去污剂等方面进行了开发研究。     

The chemistry and biological significance of saponins in foods and feedingstuffs

Saponins occur widely in plant species and exhibit a range of biological properties, both beneficial and deleterious. This review, which covers the literature to mid 1986, is concerned with their occurrence in plants and their effects when consumed by animals and man. After a short discussion on the nature, occurrence, and biosynthesis of saponins, during which the distinction between steroidal and triterpenoid saponins is made, the structures of saponins which have been identified in a variety of plants used as human foods, animal feedingstuffs, herbs, and flavorings are described. Many of these compounds have been characterized only during the last 2 decades, and modern techniques of isolation, purification, and structural elucidation are discussed. Particular consideration is given to mild chemical and enzymatic methods of hydrolysis and to recent developments in the application of NMR and soft ionization MS techniques to structural elucidation. Methods currently used for the quantitative analysis of saponins, sapogenols, and glycoalkaloids are critically considered; advances in the use of newer methods being emphasized. The levels of saponins in a variety of foods and food plants are discussed in the context of the methods used and factors affecting these levels, including genetic origin, agronomic, and processing variables, are indicated. Critical consideration is given to the biological effects of saponins in food which are very varied and dependent upon both the amount and chemical structure of the individual compounds. The properties considered include membranolytic effects, toxic and fungitoxic effects, adverse effects on animal growth and performance, and the important hypocholesterolemic effect. A final section deals briefly with the pharmacological effects of saponins from ginseng, since use of this plant is increasing in certain sections of western society as well as being traditional in the Orient.     

比色法测定大豆总皂甙的研究

优化了香草醛硫酸法测定大豆总皂甙的显色条件，并将之应用于大豆胚芽水提液中总皂甙的测定，精密度试验RSD为1.47%，平均回收率为105.29%，RSD为2.24％，结果证明这种方法是可靠的。     

Protein–flavour interactions in relation to development of novel protein foods

Proteins are known to interact with relatively small molecules such as flavour compounds and saponins, and may thus influence the taste perception of food. In this study, the interactions of flavour volatiles with pea proteins, and the effects of heat on these interactions were investigated. The presence of saponins, which are non-volatile flavour compounds, was also explored. Saponins are known to contribute to the bitterness in pea and were found to interact with proteins. Pea proteins, legumin (11S) and vicilin (7S), were used for interaction studies with aldehydes and ketones using static headspace-gas chromatography (SH–GC). The binding of various flavour compounds as a function of concentration was studied at pH 7.6 and pH 3.8. Vicilin binds both aldehydes and ketones at pH 7.6 and pH 3.8. Legumin only showed binding to aldehydes at pH 7.6 and no binding to aldehydes or ketones at pH 3.8. The effect of heat on vicilin-flavour interactions was studied at pH 7.6. Heating of vicilin seemed to lead to a decrease in the binding of aldehydes and ketones to the protein. In addition, the presence of saponins in hulled pea flour was identified by high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS) and three groups of saponins, A, B and DDMP saponins were found to be present, with group B saponins dominating.     

黄芪中皂苷类成分的研究进展

黄芪为蒙古黄芪或膜荚黄芪的干燥根,是中医临床上常用的大宗中药材。黄芪属于中国传统中草药中的补虚类药,其味甘性微温,归属脾肺经,具有广泛的药用价值。其主要含有皂苷类、多糖类、黄酮类、氨基酸及微量元素等化学成分,黄芪皂苷是黄芪中主要的有效成分,从黄芪中分离出来的皂苷类化合物达50多种。黄芪皂苷的提取及分离纯化是以黄芪皂苷类成分作为指标成分进行黄芪药材及饮片质量评价的关键环节,合适的提取、分离纯化及含量测定方法对黄芪的开发与综合利用具有重要意义。本文主要从黄芪皂苷类成分的提取、分离纯化、含量测定等方面进行综述,以期为黄芪的进一步开发与利用提供一定的参考依据。     

油茶籽粕和茶皂素中皂苷的定量检测方法研究

采用重量法、香草醛-浓硫酸法和反相高效液相色谱(HPLC)法,进行了茶皂素粗提物(皂苷质量分数≥50.0%)、高纯度茶皂素(皂苷质量分数70%～90%)和油茶籽粕中皂苷的定量测定比较研究。结果表明,取样量对油茶籽粕中皂苷的重量法测定精确度影响较大,采用最佳取样量(3 g)后,测定结果与HPLC法和香草醛-浓硫酸法无显著差异;样品提取方法对油茶籽粕中皂苷的HPLC法定量测定精确度影响也较大,采用索氏提取法可有效去除杂质干扰。改进后的重量法、HPLC法和香草醛-浓硫酸法对纯度不同的样品中皂苷定量测定结果均较为吻合,即均适合于油茶籽粕、茶皂素粗提物和高纯度茶皂素检测。     

SPEC18柱-分光光度法测定玛咖酒中总皂苷

该实验优化了玛咖酒试样中总皂苷含量测定的前处理方法,通过方法确认来考察该方法的可行性。结果表明,玛咖酒试样采用SPEC18柱纯化进行前处理;选用体积分数95%的乙醇作为洗脱剂。人参皂苷Re吸光度值与其质量浓度呈良好的线性关系,线性范围0～0.20 mg/mL;方法检出限为4.6 mg/L;方法正确度的偏差在5 mg/L添加水平＜20%、在15 mg/L及50 mg/L添加水平下均＜10%,符合要求;精密度实验结果相对标准偏差（RSD）为2.24%;加标回收率在90%～103%。建立的玛咖酒试样中总皂苷检测方法精密度及准确度高,适用于该产品总皂苷含量的测定。     

油茶皂苷标准品的制备及定量方法的比较

比较研究了2种常用的茶皂苷的定量方法,分析了它们的优缺点,并用自制油茶皂苷纯品为标样,绘制了油茶皂苷定量的标准曲线,相关系数分别为0.9996和0.9933。     

藜麦皂苷研究进展

藜麦(Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)是南美洲特有的一种植物,其叶片、花、果实、籽实和种皮中富含皂苷,藜麦皂苷是一种苦味物质和抗营养因子。目前常用的皂苷提取方法主要有溶剂提取法、酸碱水解法、沉淀法、超临界CO_2法及超声波萃取法等。近年来的研究表明,藜麦皂苷具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抑菌、免疫调节等药理活性,这些特性都使藜麦皂苷成为医学、保健品、食品等行业的重点研究对象。本文主要对藜麦皂苷的研究现状、结构组成、提取方法、分离纯化、分析测定、生物活性、以及环境对藜麦皂苷的影响进行了概述,以期为藜麦的进一步研究开发提供参考。     

Determination by high performance chromatography, steroid saponins in a biologically active food supplements containing the extract of Tribulus terrestris

Steroidal saponins are bioactive substances of Tribulus terrestris and can be used to assess the quality of raw materials and processed products from them. For this purpose has been developed the method of qualitative and quantitative determination of steroidal saponins by high performance liquid chromatography with spectrophotometric and mass-selective detection and optimal conditions of sample preparation (70% methanol extraction with sonication and heating); also has been studied steroidal saponins composition of Tribulus terrestris (protodioscin, tribulosaponin B, metilprotodiostsin, terrestrozin H, prototribestin, gracillin and others were found).