超亮光三叶形涤纶卷曲丝工艺研究

研究了超亮光三叶形涤纶卷曲丝的加工工艺，探讨了在纺丝成形工艺过程中纺丝温度、侧吹风速度、拉伸卷绕工艺等因素对超亮光三叶形涤纶卷曲丝异形度和性能的影响。结果表明，纺制FDY超亮光三叶形涤纶卷曲丝150dtex／72f时，纺丝温度在290℃，侧吹风速度控制在0．30～0．35m／s，侧吹风温度选择在20～22℃之间，GRl的温度为89℃及速度为1650m／min，GR2的温度为125℃及速度为4510m／min，卷绕速度为4435m／min，可获得较好的产品质量。     

罗非鱼的热风干燥特性及其主要成分含量变化研究

研究了罗非鱼鱼片在40、50和60℃等不同热风温度下的干燥速度变化和热风干燥对鱼片的主要成分含量的影响。结果表明，当鱼片厚度一定时，温度越高干燥速度越快，同样厚度的鱼片在较高温度下的干燥时间要比较低温度下的干燥时间至少缩短9h；当温度一定时，鱼片的干燥速度明显受其厚度的影响，鱼片越薄，干燥越快，而且鱼片厚度对干燥速度的影响超过了温度。对于厚度一定的鱼片，在温度恒定时，鱼片中的粗蛋白质含量随着干燥时间的延长而下降。     

外界因子对超高压杀灭枯草芽孢杆菌效果的影响

超高压是一种有效的灭菌消毒技术。本研究通过鉴别设计(scfeening design)法对影响超高压杀菌效果的外界因子，如：压力、温度、保压时间、升压速度、卸压速度进行了关键因子考察与评价，试验结果表明：温度、压力、保压时间对灭活枯草芽孢杆菌影响显著，升压速度和卸压速度对灭活枯草芽孢杆菌影响不显著。     

木瓜蛋白酶降解壳聚糖动力学研究

研究了木瓜蛋白酶催化壳聚糖降解过程中，温度、pH值、酶量、底物浓度等条件对降解速度的影响。结果表明，反应最适pH和温度分别为4．5和45℃左右，降解速度随着用酶量的增加而线性增加，降解过程符合米氏方程。     

固定化酵母对双乙酰还原的影响

将啤酒酵母固定化后在不同温度下对双乙酰进行还原，同时与游离态酵母还原进行比较。结果表明，固定化酵母还原双乙酰时，还原温度是影响还原速度的重要因素；还原温度越高，还原速度越快；在15℃、10℃和4℃时，固定化酵母还原速度约为游离酵母的1．9倍之多。     

开口毛细管法测定油脂性基质熔点的影响因素

研究了用开口毛细管法测定油脂性基质的熔点时，其升温速度与传温液起始、冷却温度与冷却时间，试样置水中的深度，毛细管内径等因素对蒋点的影响，指明了一定要严格操作规程，特别在升温速度、传温液起始温度与毛细管在水中的位置等方面进行操作的重要性。     

开口毛细管法测定油脂性基质熔点的影响因素

研究了用开口毛细管法测定油脂性基质的熔点时，其升温速度与传温液起始、冷却温度与冷却时间，试样置水中的深度，毛细管内径等因素对熔点的影响，指明了一定要严格操作规程，特别在升温速度、传液起始温度与毛细管在水中的位置等方面进行操作的重要性。     

多组分共聚酯高速纺长丝工艺

本文研究了探讨了多组分阳离子染料易染共聚酯切片的预结晶干燥温度，纺丝温度，纺丝速度，组件砂配比，拉伸温度和拉伸倍数等因素以其纺丝，后加工的影响。     

测定卷烟烟气总粒相物主要影响因素的探讨

分别在不同的气流速度、温度、相对湿度和抽吸容量等测试条件下，测定了卷烟烟气总粒相物（即ＴＰＭ），并探讨了气流速度、温度、相对湿度和抽吸容量等因素与卷烟烟气中总粒相物的关系。实验结果表明，这些因素均对烟气总粒相物的测定产生影响。     

丙纶高强丝的生产及应用

本文概述了丙纶及丙纶高强丝在国内外的发展概况、高强丝的性能及开发应用情况．介绍了丙纶高强丝的一步法和两步法生产工艺和设备，并就纺丝温度、纺丝速度、冷却成形、拉伸温度、拉伸倍数、拉伸速度等工艺参数进行论述。     

Emulsification by the phase inversion temperature method: the role of self-bodying agents and the influence of oil polarity

Oil-in-water emulsions stabilized with nonionic emulsifiers change to water-in-oil emulsions as the temperature rises when the hydrophilic and lipophilic properties of the mixed emulsifier are just balanced. Preparation above the phase inversion temperature followed by rapid cooling yields emulsions that exhibit very fine droplet size and extreme long-term stability. Cosmetic emulsions were prepared by this phase inversion temperature (PIT) method using typical raw materials such as polar oils, e.g. decyl oleate, 2-octyl dodecanol or isopropyl myristate, and nonionic emulsifiers, e.g. ceteareth-12 or polyoxyethylene eicosyl/docosyl ether combined with cetostearyl alcohol as a co-emulsifier. The phase inversion temperature was measured as a function of the oil polarity and the concentration of mixed emulsifier. The relationship between phase inversion temperature, droplet size and emulsion stability was investigated. In addition, self-bodying agents such as cetostearyl alcohol or monoglycerides were added to these thin, fine disperse emulsions to adjust the consistency. The influence of these ingredients on phase inversion temperature, droplet size, yield value and emulsion stability was studied.     

低速常压逆转乳化法制备阳离子分散松香胶

以低速常压逆转乳化法制备了阳离子分散松香胶,对乳化剂的选择和用量、乳化温度、转相温度、搅拌速度、加料速度和稳定剂等进行了研究,测定了松香胶的粒径和电荷,并探讨了阳离子分散松香胶对纸浆Zeta电位的影响.     

Acute rigid gas permeable contact lens intolerance.

Rigid gas permeable (RGP) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) lens wearers occasionally report episodes of acute intolerance which is experienced upon lens insertion. In this paper, we report two cases of such intolerance in which the probable cause was contact lens inversion. We also present the results of a study in which a custom-built calibrated strain gauge was used to measure the force in Newtons (N), required to invert RGP lenses [oxygen permeability, or Dk, values between 30 and 90 x 10(-11) (cm2/s) (mlO2/ml x mmHg)] and PMMA lenses of different spherical back vertex powers (+/-3.00 D, 9.00 D). Significantly, less force was required to invert minus powered lenses (17.5 +/- 4.8 N) than plus powered lenses (31.7 +/- 7 .4 N), irrespective of the material. PMMA lenses required more force to induce inversion than that required to invert RGP lenses. Lenses with a Dk of 90 required only two thirds of the force (20.0 +/- 5.8 N) required to cause inversion compared to PMMA lenses (32.9 +/- 11.0 N). High powered PMMA lenses were found to be more likely to fracture on inversion than any other lenses tested. The force required to return negatively powered lenses to their original shape, once inverted, was less than 25% of that initially required to induce inversion. Plus powered lenses either reverted to their original form spontaneously, or required less than 3% of the original inversion force to do so. It was concluded that practitioners should consider inversion as a possible reason for otherwise unexplained, acute RGP contact lens intolerance experienced upon lens insertion. The reason why inversion has eluded so many, as a possible cause of intolerance, is likely to be because minimal force is required to return those lenses, which do not crack or fracture, to their original shape.     

二维非线性抛物型方程参数反演的贝叶斯推理估计

为了克服观测数据有限以及数据存在一定误差对参数反演结果的影响,提出了一种参数反演的有效算法．根据已知参数的先验分布和已经获得的有误差的监测数据,以贝叶斯推理作为理论基础,获得参数的联合后验概率密度函数．再利用马尔科夫链蒙特卡罗模拟对后验分布进行采样,获得参数的后验边缘概率密度,由此得到了参数的数学期望等有效的统计量．数值模拟结果表明,此算法能够有效地解决二雏非线性抛物型方程的参数识别反问题,且具有较高的精度．     

阳离子树脂催化蔗糖水解的速率及其对一级反应的偏离

通过搅拌反应器中树脂催化蔗糖溶液水解的实验,分析了糖浆浓度对pH以及水解速率的影响,讨论了反应速率偏离一级反应速率的情况,认为这一偏离是扩散阻力所造成的,其偏离程度可以用n=1.3表示。由此建立的反应速率方程,与实验数据有良好的吻合。     

应用混合种群遗传神经网络的精梳毛纺工艺参数反演模型

针对传统精梳毛纺工艺参数反演模型收敛性和稳定性不理想、反演精度低等问题，以及标准遗传算法（ SGA）应用于复杂优化问题时存在早熟收敛等缺点，以BP神经网络为基础，提出一种混合种群遗传人工神经网络（ MPG?ANN）反演模型，首先以混合种群遗传算法优化BP神经网络的权值与阈值建立预测模型，在此基础上根据毛纱CV值建立混合种群遗传算法反演模型，用来反演精梳毛纺生产过程工艺参数。以纺纱车间大量现场工艺检测数据为对象进行反演验证，结果表明：MPG?ANN 模型反演精度达97％，相比于标准遗传算法人工神经网络（ SGA?ANN）模型提高4％，同时反演结果波动幅度相比于SGA?ANN模型降低了6?28％。该方法可为精梳毛纺生产过程质量控制提供有效的理论指导，对纺织企业新产品工艺开发设计的快速决策具有很好的借鉴作用。     

Catastrophic inversion and rheological behavior in soy lecithin and Tween 80 based food emulsions

Emulsions inversion occurs in many industrial processes and may be influenced by the formulation conditions, composition and emulsification protocols. In this work, the influence of emulsifiers and stirring on catastrophic inversion (O/W to W/O) was evaluated. Emulsions were prepared with different stirring rates, using soy lecithin and Tween 80, at 2 and 5 wt%. The aqueous phase was distilled water with 1 wt% NaCl and the oil phase was soy oil. These emulsions were analyzed by conductivity, stability, microscopy and rheology assays. The most stable emulsions presented inversion with a smaller amount of the external phase. Rheological analysis showed that, with a higher concentration of emulsifier, it is better to use Tween 80 when lower viscosity is desired, while soy lecithin is more appropriate for higher viscosity products. The oscillatory tests showed that while the emulsions prepared using Tween 80 exhibited concentrated solution behavior, those prepared with soy lecithin exhibited strong gel behavior.     

Effect of sucrose on the phase and flow behaviour of polysaccharide/protein aqueous two-phase systems

The phase and flow behaviour of two model polysaccharide/protein aqueous two-phase systems (atps) – locust bean gum (LBG)/sodium-caseinate (NaCas) and guar gum (GG)/NaCas – have been investigated in the presence of varying amounts of sucrose. The phase behaviour of these atps was found to be affected by the concentration of sugar in the system. An increase in the miscibility of these mixtures was initially induced by addition of sugar in concentrations up to 15 wt%, but further increase had the opposite effect, thus increasing the incompatibility between the polysaccharide and protein macromolecules. The rheological behaviour of these atps was found to relate to their microstructure under quiescent conditions. Depending on the phase sense in the quiescent atps the occurrence of a shear-induced phase inversion event was observed; phase inversion occurred only in those atps where the more viscous polysaccharide-rich phase was included. Addition of sugar in concentrations up to 20 wt% did not seem to affect the occurrence of phase inversion, but further increase in the sugar concentration was found to suppress this phenomenon.     

Calculation of optimum emulsifier mixtures for phase inversion emulsification*

The phase inversion emulsification is a convenient method of preparing fine-disperse and long-term stable oil-in-water emulsions, which are stabilized with nonionic emulsifiers. On the basis of EACN-values (equivalent alkane carbon numbers) the calculation of phase inversion in concentrates (CAPICO) is possible, which yields emulsifier and oil mixing ratios corresponding to a given phase inversion temperature (PIT). The CAPICO-method is illustrated for the example of a cosmetic oil-in-water lotion containing an oil mixture, glyceryl monostearate and a fatty alcohol ethoxylate. Of special interest is the influence of silicone oils on the PIT. At a constant emulsifier oil ratio the complete phase behaviour of this emulsion system is represented in a temperature/water content graph. Optimum emulsification results are obtained if during PIT emulsification a microemulsion or a lamellar phase is passed. The emulsions were characterized by particle sizing, and emulsion stability against sedimentation was evaluated by ultrasonic velocity changes. A fine-disperse and long-term stable oil-in-water emulsion was prepared by a time and energy-saving two-step hot-cold process.     

甘蔗品种砍收后蔗糖分转化及蔗糖转化率的建立

甘蔗生产上忽视了与糖厂产糖率密切相关的性状即甘蔗品种砍收后蔗糖分转化程度,造成糖厂大面积种植砍收后蔗糖分极易转化的品种如川糖１１号本文分析了由此产生的严重经济损失,并建立了甘蔗品种蔗糖转化率衡量吹收后蔗糖分转化程度,作为糖厂推广种植良种和选育的筛选性状之一。