烟草赤星病的综合防治技术

详细介绍了烟草赤星病的分布、为害、症状、发病条件、流行规律和综合防治措施 ,介绍的防治措施包括 :①种植抗病品种 ;②农业措施防病 ;③药剂防治 ,包括防治方法、药剂种类及用量。     

烟草根结线虫病综合防治技术

介绍了烟草根结线虫病的分布、为害、症状及发病条件 ,详细介绍了烟草根结线虫病的综合防治措施 :①种植抗病品种 ;②农业措施防病 ;③化学药剂防治和生物制剂防治     

烟草青枯病的综合防治

详细介绍了烟草青枯病的分布、为害、症状、发病条件及综合防治措施 :①农业栽培措施防病 ;②种植抗病品种 ;③化学药剂防病等。     

烟草猝倒病流行因素及防治研究

本试验从品种、苗床覆盖薄膜时间、连轮作条件、土壤消毒、药剂和系统处理等方面进行了苗期猝倒病流行因素和防治研究.结果表明:品种抗感差异明显;覆膜时间和连作年限与发病率成正相关;阐明了栽培措施和药剂处理相结合的综合防治措施.为防治猝倒病,提供了重要的实践经验.     

啤酒中污染的微生物

介绍了啤酒中污染的微生物的种类、危害;污染途径;微生物检测;防治措施等方面管理要点。     

浅析营林措施对森林病虫害防治的作用

在营林造林中,要注重营林措施的完善与优化,其目的一是加快林业建设步伐,提高林业建设水平;二是促进森林病虫害防治效率提升,林木健康茁壮成长。然而在很多地区中,对营林造林中的病虫害防治工作并没有做到尽职尽责、专心研究、处理解决工作中的问题等,对病虫害的发生控制难、治理难,导致病虫害反复发作,对森林资源造成破坏性的威胁,因此文章针对营林造林措施对森林病虫害防治的作用进行分析,并提出有效防治措施,提高防治效率。     

环保部6.4亿元支持燃煤锅炉烟尘治理

<正>环保部2014-05-08报道:据了解,继续深化大气污染防治。国务院印发《大气污染防治行动计划》(简称《大气十条》)以来,环境保护部积极协调地方政府和有关部门,狠抓贯彻落实。建立京津冀及周边地区、长三角大气污染防治协作机制和全国大气污染防治部际协调机制。强化各项保障措施。中央财政设立大气污染防治专项资金,2013年     

辽西低山丘陵区风电场工程水土流失特点及防治措施

以辽西低山丘陵区风电场建设区为研究对象,探讨风电场建设区水土流失特点、防治分区及措施布设。风电场水土流失特点表现为重点流失时段为建设期;水土流失类型复杂;重点流失区域为发电机组区和场内道路区。将项目区划分为发电机组区、场内道路区、升压站区、集电线路区、施工场地区5个防治分区,并有针对性地布设了水土保持措施。     

浅谈杨树食叶害虫的监测与防治技术

科学合理地开展杨树食叶害虫预测预报工作是做好防治工作的基础,将杨树食叶害虫的防治工作贯穿于营林生产全过程,坚持无公害防治的原则,合理使用营林措施、生物防治、物理防治、仿生防治和化学防治等综合措施,实现对杨树食叶害虫的可持续控制。     

绿盲蝽在葡萄上的危害特点及综合防治

对绿盲蝽在葡萄上的发生、为害特点及综合防治措施进行了调查。结果表明:早春是绿盲蝽防治的关键时期,大面积统一防治最有效;绿盲蝽对不同葡萄品种为害存在差异,欧亚种为害重,欧美杂交种相对较轻;同一植株下部新梢比上部新梢受害重;对葡萄的为害呈阶段性发生。     

影响PASSIM卷烟机重量控制精度因素探讨

详细分析了PASSIM 70 0 0型卷接机组中影响烟支重量控制精度的各种因素 ,其中有系统本身设计不完善的原因 ,也与原辅材料的情况、设备自身状况以及现场使用与维护有很大关系。针对此 ,提出了如下改进方法 :①供丝系统采用电子齿轮控制 ;②改进放射源供电及温度控制 ;③改进劈刀控制方式 ;④增加紧头自动调整功能 ,另外正确地使用和维护对于提高烟支重量控制精度也具有一定的作用     

Role of peripartum dietary propylene glycol or protected fats on metabolism and early postpartum ovarian follicles

Eighty multiparous cows were used to test the effects of feeding a supplement containing 55% dry propylene glycol (PGLY), prilled fat (PrFA) containing a low proportion of unsaturated fatty acids (FA), or calcium soaps of long-chain FA (CaLFA) containing a high proportion of unsaturated FA on energy balance (EB), blood metabolites, and early postpartum (PP) ovarian follicles. Dry cows (256 d pregnant) were divided into 6 groups and began the following dietary treatments: 1) control group, fed a dry cow diet and fed a lactating cow diet PP; 2) PGLY group, diet supplemented with 500 g/d per cow of dry PGLY prepartum through 21 d in milk; 3) PrFA:control group, diet supplemented with 230 g/d per cow of PrFA prepartum and fed the control diet PP; 4) PrFA:PrFA group, diet supplemented with 230 g/d per cow of PrFA prepartum through 21 d in milk; 5) CaLFA:control, supplemented with 215 g/d per cow of CaLFA prepartum and fed the control diet PP; 6) CaLFA:CaLFA, supplemented with 215 g/d per cow of CaLFA prepartum through 21 d in milk. Follicular fluid was aspirated from follicles ≥6 mm on d 12 PP. The daily average calculated EB during the first 21 d in milk was lower in the PrFA:PrFA (−4.16 Mcal/d) and CaLFA:CaLFA (−3.64 Mcal/d) groups than in the control (−1.71 Mcal/d) and PGLY (−2.19 Mcal/d) groups. Postpartum plasma β-hydroxybutyrate was higher, and insulin concentrations were lower in the PrFA:PrFA (6.2 mg/dL and 126.1 pg/mL, respectively) and CaLFA:CaLFA (7.0 mg/dL and 130.7 pg/mL) groups than in the control (4.5 mg/dL and 274.5 pg/mL) and PGLY (4.3 mg/dL and 272.6 pg/mL) groups, whereas nonesterified FA concentrations were higher only than the control group. Postpartum nonesterified FA were 21% lower and insulin plasma concentrations were 86% higher in the CaLFA:control group as compared with the PrFA:control group. The progesterone concentrations in the follicular fluid of estradiol-active follicles were higher in the CaLFA:CaLFA (200.7 ng/mL) group than in all other groups (57.3 to 92.4 ng/mL), and androstenedione and estradiol concentrations were higher (54.2 and 1,049.1 ng/mL, respectively) than in the PGLY (15.5 and 440.1 ng/mL), PrFA:control (22.6 and 314.1 ng/mL), and CaLFA:control (17.5 and 451.9 ng/mL) groups. In conclusion, supplementation of protected fat during the peripartum period negatively affected the EB status of the cows. Neither fat supplementation nor PGLY influenced the development of ovarian follicles during the early PP period, but feeding fat containing a high ratio of unsaturated FA (CaLFA) increased progesterone concentrations in estradiol-active follicles that were aspirated at 12 d in milk.     

The impact of single antimicrobial intervention treatment with cetylpyridinium chloride, trisodium phosphate, chlorine dioxide or lactic acid on ground beef lipid, instrumental color and sensory characteristics

The effects of antimicrobial agents on ground beef were evaluated to determine if instrumental color, sensory or odor characteristics were impacted. Trimmings were treated with 0.5% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), 200-ppm chlorine dioxide (CLO), 0.5% lactic acid (LA), 10% trisodium phosphate (TSP), or an untreated control (C). Ground beef made from trimmings with CLO and TSP were similar (P > 0.05) in L(?) values to the control; however, samples were redder (a(?); P<0.05) than the control. Likewise, sensory panelists found ground beef from the CPC and TSP treatments redder (P<0.05) for worst point color than the control by day 2 of display. The CLO, CPC and TSP treatments were similar (P>0.05) to the control in beef odor intensity until day 3 of display. Therefore, the use of antimicrobial agents on beef trimmings may not adversely affect, and may improve bulk ground beef color and odor characteristics.     

Gender-specific early postnatal catch-up growth after intrauterine growth retardation by food restriction in swine with obesity/leptin resistance

The effects of undernutrition during pregnancy on prenatal and postnatal development of the offspring were evaluated in sows with obesity/leptin resistance. Females were fed, from day 35 of pregnancy onwards, a diet fulfilling either 100% (group control, n=10) or 50% of the nutritional requirements (group underfed, n=10). In the control group, maternal body weight increased during pregnancy (P<0.05) while it decreased or remained steady in the underfed group. At days 75 and 100 of gestation, plasma triglycerides were lower but urea levels were higher in restricted than in control sows (P<0.05 for both). Assessment of the offspring indicated that the trunk diameter was always smaller in the restricted group (P<0.01 at day 50, P<0.005 at days 75 and 100 and P<0.0001 at birth) while head measurements were similar through pregnancy, although smaller in the restricted than in the control group at birth (P<0.05). Newborns from restricted sows were also lighter than offspring from control females (P<0.01) and had higher incidence of growth retardation (P<0.01). Afterwards, during lactation, early postnatal growth in restricted piglets was modulated by gender. At weaning, males from restricted sows were still lighter than their control counterparts (P<0.05), while females from control and underfed sows were similar. Thus, the current study indicates a gender-related differential effect in the growth patterns of the piglets, with females from restricted sows evidencing catch-up growth to neutralise prenatal retardation and reaching similar development than control counterparts.     

SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED POTATO SPUNTA: DEGRADATION OF DNA IN GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT AND CARRYOVER TO RAT ORGANS

Diet groups for albino rats were (group 1) control basal, (group 2) control plus 30% freeze‐dried nongenetically modified potatoes Spunta, (group 3) control plus 30% freeze‐dried Spunta genetically modified potato (GMP) G2 and (group 4) control plus 30% freeze‐dried GMP G3. After feeding ad libitum for 30 days, no statistical differences were found in food intake, daily body weight gain and feed efficiency. However, there was a small but significant difference in final body weight between the control (group 1) and experimental treatments (groups 2–4). DNA ingested in feed was partially resistant to the mechanical, chemical and enzymatic activities of the rat gastrointestinal (GI) tract (GIT) and was not completely degraded. Modified and nonmodified potato Spunta DNA survival was comparable during feed passage in the rat GIT. Modified constructs from GMP lines G2 and G3 fragment DNA were not detectable in tissue samples.     

The effects of live yeast supplementation to dairy cows during the hot season on production, feed efficiency, and digestibility

The current study examined the effects of live yeast (LY) supplementation to dairy cows during the summer season on milk production, feed efficiency and ration digestibility. Forty-two dairy cows (14 primiparous and 28 multiparous) were fed either a control lactating diet or supplemented with 1 g of LY (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Biosaf, Lesaffre) per 4 kg of dry matter consumed. The LY amounts were adjusted twice a week. Four rumen samples were taken from 30 cows in 2-h periods and ammonia concentrations were determined. Fecal grab samples from 30 cows were collected during 3 consecutive days, to determine the apparent digestibility of diets. The daily dry matter intake in the LY group was 2.5% greater compared with the control group (24.7 and 24.1 kg, respectively). The daily average milk yield of the LY group was greater by 1.5 kg (4.1%) compared with the control group (37.8 vs. 36.3 kg, respectively). There were no significant differences in the milk fat and protein percentages, but fat yield was greater in the LY group than in the control. The fat-corrected milk 4% was 2.0 kg (6.1%) greater in the LY group than in the control group (34.8 vs. 32.8 kg, respectively). The efficiency of using dry matter to produce 4% fat-corrected milk was 3.7% greater in the LY group compared with the control group. The ruminal ammonia concentrations after feeding were greater in the control group than in the LY group (151.9 vs. 126.1 mg/l, respectively). No differences were observed among groups in the total tract apparent digestibility of dry matter and other diet components. The pH values in the rumen that were determined in a companion trial using 4 fistulated cows tended to be higher in cows that were supplemented with LY than in the control (6.67 vs. 6.54, respectively). It may be concluded that LY supplementation to dairy cows during the hot season improved the rumen environment in a way that increased the dry matter intake and in consequence enhanced the productivity and efficiency.     

Comparison of the thermal characteristics of connective tissue in loose structured and normal structured porcine M. semimembranosus

The aim of the present study was to characterise the thermal properties of connective tissue in loose structured porcine SM muscles in comparison to normal looking SM muscles and to see whether the meat quality traits were related to the properties of connective tissue. Samples from the muscles with loose structure and light colour were selected by visual assessment and normal looking SM muscles were used as a control (n = 25 loose structured + 25 control). The loose structured muscles had lower ultimate pH (pH_u) than the control muscles. The onset and peak temperatures of thermal shrinkage of intramuscular connective tissue (T_o and T_p, respectively) in loose structured muscles were similar to those of control muscles when the full set of data (25 loose structured + 25 control) were analysed. When the T_o and T_p data from muscles the exhibiting ten lowest and ten highest pH_u values were analysed, the low pH_u muscles (all classified as loose structured) had lower T_o and T_p than the high pH_u muscles (all classified as control) (p < 0.05). Drip loss of loose structured SM muscles (11.1%) was dramatically higher than that of control muscles (3.9%). Collagen content and collagen solubility were similar in loose structured and control muscles. It seemed that changes in the properties of intramuscular connective tissue were more easier found in porcine SM muscles with low pH_u than in SM muscles with high pH_u.     

Lactational response of cows fed condensed corn distillers solubles

Fifteen Holstein cows (6 multiparous and 9 primiparous) in early lactation were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 5-wk periods to evaluate the use of condensed corn distillers solubles (CCDS) in the total mixed ration. Diets were control (0%), low (5%), or high (10% of dry matter) CCDS. All diets contained alfalfa hay, corn silage, rolled corn, and a concentrate supplement formulated to yield isonitrogenous diets. Condensed corn distillers solubles replaced a portion of the rolled corn and soybean meal in the control diet. Data were collected from wk 3 to 5 of each 5-wk period. Dry matter intakes (23.4, 24.4, and 22.5 kg/d for control, low, and high CCDS, respectively) were similar for CCDS and control and tended to be greater for low than for high CCDS. Milk yields (34.1, 35.5, and 35.8 kg/d) were greater for added CCDS vs. control, with no additional benefit found by feeding a high over a low amount of CCDS. Milk fat percentage decreased slightly, whereas protein and lactose production increased when cows were fed CCDS. Medium-chain fatty acids in milk fat were decreased and long-chain fatty acids increased by feeding CCDS, and similar changes were found comparing high with low level of CCDS. Unsaturated fatty acids in milk fat tended to be higher for diets containing CCDS compared with control and were higher for high compared with low inclusion. Ruminal ammonia and serum urea nitrogen concentrations were lower when cows were fed CCDS. This study indicated that it is advantageous to feed CCDS at 5% of dry matter; however, some beneficial changes in milk fatty acid composition were achieved by doubling that amount.     

Investigation and comparison of the anti-tumor activities of lactoferrin, α-lactalbumin,and β-lactoglobulin in A549, HT29, HepG2, and MDA231-LM2 tumor models

To investigate the anti-tumor activities of lactoferrin, α-lactalbumin, and β-lactoglobulin, 4 types of human tumor cells (lung tumor cell A549, intestinal epithelial tumor cell HT29, hepatocellular cell HepG2, and breast cancer cell MDA231-LM2) were exposed to 3 proteins, respectively. The effects on cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis were detected in vitro, and nude mice bearing tumors were administered the 3 proteins in vivo. Results showed that the 3 proteins (20 g/L) inhibited viability and migration, as well as induced apoptosis, in 4 tumor cells to different degrees (compared with the control). In vivo, tumor weights in the HT29 group (0.84 ± 0.22 g vs. control 2.05 ± 0.49 g) and MDA231-LM2 group (1.11 ± 0.25 g vs. control 2.49 ± 0.57 g) were significantly reduced by lactoferrin; tumor weights in the A549 group (1.07 ± 0.19 g vs. control 3.11 ± 0.73 g) and HepG2 group (2.32 ± 0.46 g vs. control 3.50 ± 0.74 g) were significantly reduced by α-lactalbumin. Moreover, the roles of lactoferrin, α-lactalbumin, and β-lactoglobulin in regulating apoptotic proteins were validated. In summary, lactoferrin, α-lactalbumin, and β-lactoglobulin were proven to inhibit growth and development of A549, HT29, HepG2, and MDA231-LM2 tumors to different degrees via induction of cell apoptosis.     

Bowel function of postmenopausal women: Effects of daily consumption of dried plum

Calcium and vitamin D were provided to 48 postmenopausal women for 6 months and randomly assigned into control, 50 g/d dried plum, or 100 g/d dried plum groups to examine dried plum influences on bowel habits. No adverse effects of dried plum were detected, whereas pain and constipation ratings increased (p<0.05) in the control group. Pain was higher (p=0.049) at 6 months for control versus 50 g/d dried plum and lower (p=0.042) at 3 months for 100 g/d dried plum versus 50 g/d. Constipation ratings were higher for control than 100 g/d dried plum at 6 months. Dried plum in the dose of 50 or 100 g per day did not produce adverse effect and may decrease discomfort of bowel movements.