浅圆仓储粮经济效益浅析

本文结合浅圆仓储粮工作的实际情况 ,统计 1年以来浅圆仓储粮的各项费用情况 ,核算浅圆仓储粮吨年成本 ,与其他现有仓型储粮成本相比较 ,得出浅圆仓是一种储粮工艺先进 ,吨储粮年成本低 ,具备最佳的经济效益、环保效益及社会效益的优势仓型 ,同时通过分析储粮成本的分配比例情况 ,指明了新的增效节支和创造更好的经济效益的新途径。     

浅圆仓储粮经济效益浅析

本文结合浅圆仓储粮工作的实际情况，统计1年以来浅圆仓储粮的各项费用情况，核算浅圆仓储粮吨年成本，与其他现有仓型储粮成本相比较，得出浅圆仓是一种储粮工艺先进，吨储粮年成本低，具备最佳的经济效益、环保效益及社会效益的优势仓型，同时通过分析储粮成本的分配比例情况，指明了新的增效节支和创造更好的经济效益的新途径。     

浅圆仓负压通风技术应用案例分析

在利用浅圆仓储粮过程中,运用负压通风技术对浅圆仓进行机械通风降温应用研究,分析了负压通风的时间、粮温变化、通风能耗、风压等数据;对比分析入仓和出仓时粮食质量变化。研究结果表明:运用负压通风技术能实现较低的储粮温度,通风能耗较低,有利于保持储粮品质,有效减少储粮过程中由于机械通风引起的粮食重量损失。在浅圆仓储粮过程中,负压通风技术具有良好的应用前景,对于指导浅圆仓机械通风技术开展,具有较强的实践指导意义。     

浅圆仓储粮害虫防治方法的研究

从浅圆仓的清洁卫生、入库前的清消、仓房的密闭性、害虫的检查、害虫的综合治理5个方面，对浅圆仓储粮害虫的防治方法进行了探讨与研究。     

浅谈浅圆仓的储粮特点

根据浅圆仓结构、大粮堆特点和20年的使用情况,总结出浅圆仓的储粮特点。在生产过程中,发挥浅圆仓保温性好和设施配套齐全的有利条件,通过运用相应的仓储设施、改进管理模式,实现浅圆仓的控温储粮、消除"来粮质量参差不齐"、"结顶、挂壁"、"安全操作"等不利因素的影响,确保浅圆仓储粮的安全。     

新型绿色储粮防护剂实仓防虫效果初探

为评价4%蛇床子素粉剂在高大平房仓和浅圆仓防治储粮害虫效果,采用100mg/kg剂量粮堆表层50cm拌粮的方法对储存玉米进行防治害虫效果研究。结果表明：蛇床子素对玉米象、锈赤扁谷盗和印度谷螟具有较好的防治作用,对仓房湿度、粮温和粮食品质无影响,达到防治储粮害虫的要求。     

高大平房仓储粮周期害虫防治措施

高大平房仓储粮周期内采取的害虫防治措施,构建了较为完整的储粮害虫综合防治体系.     

蛇床子素实仓防治储粮害虫效果研究

为了评价4%蛇床子素粉剂在高大平房仓、立筒仓和浅圆仓防治储粮害虫效果,采用20 g/t剂量粮堆表层50 cm拌粮的方法对储存玉米进行防治害虫效果研究。结果表明:蛇床子素对玉米象、锈赤扁谷盗和印度谷螟具有较好的防治作用,对仓房湿度和粮温等无影响,基本达到防治储粮害虫的要求。     

浅圆仓控温技术的研究进展

在粮食储藏过程中,温度是影响储粮品质的重要因素。高温将导致储粮产生虫霉,营养品质下降等不利影响。控温储粮作为一种低碳绿色的储粮技术,能够预防和消除储藏过程中的发热并保持粮食的原有品质。为达到安全储粮的目的,各种控温技术随之诞生。随着浅圆仓在我国的推广建设,各种控温技术在浅圆仓应用越来越多。本文综述了我国浅圆仓储粮控温技术的研究进展及适合各生态储粮区的控温技术,并分析了浅圆仓控温技术未来的发展方向,为浅圆仓控温技术的发展提供一定参考。     

浅圆仓储粮技术Ⅵ：储粮期间的管理与生产安全

论述了浅圆仓储粮期间的管理与生产安全，具体包括保粮制度及规范化管理及要求、入仓后的粮情检查与平衡通风方法与要求、不同季节储粮管理的要点、生产安全问题及仓房日常管理中的注意事项等，以期为浅圆仓储粮期间的管理及生产安全提供一定的参考和指导。     

Changes in smoking prevalence in Ukraine in 2001-5

Objectives

To analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine from three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes, in order to estimate the stage of tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.

Design

Repeated national interview surveys in Ukraine in 2001, 2002 and 2005.

Main outcome measure

Prevalence of current smoking among the population aged ⩾15 years.

Results

The age‐standardised prevalence of current smoking in Ukrainian men was 54.8% in 2001 and 66.8% in 2005. Among Ukrainian women, prevalence increased from 11.5% in 2001 to 20.0% in 2005. ORs for yearly increase in prevalence were estimated as 1.164 (95% CI 1.111 to 1.220) for men and 1.187 (1.124 to 1.253) for women, which implies that, on average, 3–4% of men and 1.5–2% of women living in Ukraine join the smoking population each year.

Conclusions

In Ukraine, smoking prevalence is increasing in most population groups. Among men, the medium deprivation group with secondary education has the highest smoking prevalence. Among women, while the most educated, young and those living in larger cities are the leading group for tobacco use, other groups are also increasing their tobacco use. Tobacco promotion efforts appear to have been significantly more effective in Ukraine than smoking control efforts. The decrease in real cigarette prices in Ukraine in 2001–5 could be the main factor explaining the recent growth in smoking prevalence.Ukraine is a large eastern European country with high smoking prevalence. Tobacco products are widely available at very low prices, and the transnational tobacco industry is extremely successful in promoting its products and lobbying for its interests in the legislative field. Advocacy of tobacco control has only recently achieved some success in the legislative field, with the first tobacco control law being adopted in late 2005. Ukraine ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2006, but there is still much cause for concern regarding the enforcement and effectiveness of the adopted legislative measures. Unfortunately, the government is not yet involved in nationwide surveillance of the tobacco problem, and the available data have mostly been gathered with funding from foreign donors. Several attempts have been made to measure the extent of the tobacco epidemic in the countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU).^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7} Most of these studies have shown rather high smoking prevalence among men (50–70%) and comparatively low prevalence among women (5–20%). Most countries in the FSU have similar smoking rates, while certain trends are shown to be related to the differences in how the transnational tobacco industry succeeds in every national tobacco market.⁶ Unfortunately, few studies have been published showing trends in smoking prevalence in the FSU.⁷ In Ukraine, two studies^3,4 provided point estimates of smoking prevalence.The aim of this study was to analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine, on the basis of three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes in order to estimate the stage of the tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.     

2010年河南省部分食品中重金属污染状况分析

了解河南省部分食品中重金属污染的现状。方法 在河南省18个省辖市采集8大类3 657份食品样品,按照国家标准检测食品中铅、镉和汞的含量,检测结果按照GB 2762—2012《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》进行评价。结果 河南省部分食品中铅含量的平均值为0.34 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.8%(320/3 656),其中粮食、肉类和蔬菜中超标率较高,分别为17.2%(95/552)、14.5%(85/587)和10.7%(57/534);部分食品中镉含量的平均值为0.054 mg/kg,总体超标率为3.9%(143/3 657),其中食用菌和蛋类中超标率较高,分别为9.6%(49/508)和8.1%(42/518);部分食品中汞含量的平均值为0.077 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.3%(303/3 657),其中蔬菜和粮食中超标率较高,分别为25.3%(135/534)和12.3%(68/551)。结论 河南省部分食品中铅、汞污染情况较为严重,其中粮食、蔬菜和肉类食品中污染情况尤为突出,需要加强监管。     

Moulds and mycotoxins in sorghum stored in traditional containers in India

Various traditional containers have been used in India for storage of sorghum grains. Sorghum is susceptible to fungal infestation and toxin elaboration. The present study relates to the mould and mycotoxin contamination (aflatoxin B₁ and T-2 toxin) in stored sorghum in different storage containers viz. “Kotlu” (Storage rooms), earthenware pots, gunny bags and reed baskets. Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. were the prominent genera and the “Kotlu” form of storage was most susceptible to fungal attack. Storage treatment had little effect on fungal contamination, but despite the fungal infestation, the mycotoxin contamination was found to be very low.     

中国固态发酵白酒中功能细菌研究进展

细菌是白酒酿造3大类微生物之一,其在白酒生产中有着重要的作用,如:芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、放线菌和梭菌等,它们能产生酯类、有机酸、吡嗪、萜烯等微量成分,从而影响白酒的风味与品质。基于细菌在白酒中的重要功能以及微生物分离培养技术和分析检测技术的进步,近年来相关研究越来越深入。该文综述了近年来白酒功能细菌的研究进展,介绍了酿酒各个环节中主要功能细菌及其在白酒中的作用,旨在为白酒功能细菌的研究提供参考。     

Fungicides in forestry in Great Britain

In Great Britain, fungicides are used in the forest only for the control of root and stem rot, caused by Fames annosus. In forest nurseries they are erriployed on a small scale to control damping-off, grey mould (Botrytis cinerea), needle-cast of pine caused by Lophodermium pinastri, needle-cast of larch caused by Meria laricis, needle blight of Western red cedar (Thuja plicata) caused by Didymascella thujina, and oak mildew (Microsphaera alphitoides).