肉品中兽药残留的来源、危害及检测技术

肉品安全是在人类社会中与人体健康紧密相关的安全性问题,而肉制品中兽药残留这一问题日益显著。本文介绍了肉类食品中兽药残留的来源、对人类健康的危害及目前对肉品兽药残留检测方法的研究进展,为进一步监督控制肉品污染和保证肉品质量提供一定的理论参考。     

肉类食品中兽药残留快速检测研究进展

介绍了肉类食品中兽药残留对人类健康的危害、兽药对肉品质量的影响、目前对肉品兽药残留检测的方法研究进展。     

动物性食品中兽药残留现状及对策

介绍了我国兽药残留问题的现状，详细分析了兽药残留的危害和兽药残留的原因，概述了兽药残留检测方法的研究进展，并提出了解决兽药残留问题的对策和建议。     

畜产品中的兽药残留问题与对策

随着人们对畜产品需求量的增加，畜产品中的兽药残留也越来越成为国际社会关注的公共卫生问题。畜产品中兽药残留种类及其控制是食品卫生中的重要问题。综述了我国兽药残留的现状和危害，并对如何控制兽药残留提出了对策。     

蜂产品中农兽药残留现状及检测方法进展

随着人们对美好生活的追求,天然健康的蜂产品越来越受到人们的喜爱。由于生产和环境因素导致的农药和兽药残留在蜂产品中时有发生,在影响消费者健康的同时也会影响蜜蜂种群的生态。因此,本文综述了蜂产品中农药及兽药残留的现状及其检验检测技术发展方向,以期为蜂产品农兽药安全分析及其检测方法发展提供一定依据。     

动物性食品中兽药残留检测技术的研究进展

兽药残留（residues of veterrinary drug）是指禽畜等动物用药（如抗生素类、激素类等）后蓄积或存留于机体或动物性产品（如乳制品、蛋类以及肉类等）中原型药物或其代谢产物,包含与兽药相关的杂质残留。本文综述了近年来国内外研究人员对于动物性食品中兽药残留检测的常用技术,并探讨动物性食品中兽药残留检测技术的发展前景。     

蜂蜜中兽药残留检测方法的研究进展

随着我国蜂业的发展,蜂蜜中兽药残留问题日益成为食品安全领域的重要内容,引起世界范围内的广泛关注。兽药残留不仅危害人体健康也对我国蜂蜜的出口带了严重的阻力。近年来国家质量监督检验检疫总局、农业部及卫生与计划生育委员会等对此加大重视程度。由于蜂蜜基质复杂,其中兽药残留含量较低,因此,发展快速、简易、高灵敏度、高通量的兽药检测技术成为了目前迫切的需要。本文结合蜂蜜中兽药残留的现状,对目前蜂蜜中兽药残留的不同检测方法(液相色谱-串联质谱法、免疫分析法、分子印迹法、毛细管电泳法等技术)进行了阐述,并对兽药残留检测技术在未来的发展方向进行了进一步展望。     

奶粉中残留兽药的QuEChERS方法应用研究

通过萃取溶剂和盐析剂等优化,改进了QuEChERS技术。建立了奶粉中22种兽药残留检测的简捷、快速、特异性的QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。该方法通过EDTA和缓冲体系优化了磺胺、喹诺酮和四环素类药物的萃取检测过程,使磺胺、喹诺酮和四环素的检测低限达到1、5μg/kg和50μg/kg,添加回收率为70%~102%,RSD小于15%。     

不同产地牦牛肉中农残和兽残的含量比较

为了解西藏自然放牧牦牛肉与广州市本地牛肉的农药和兽药残留状况,对其营养价值做客观分析和评价,该实验选取广州市和西藏地区的不同牛肉样本,根据国标方法对几个重要抗生素和农药残留进行测定,并对结果进行统计学分析。结果表明,该次样品检测的几种指标皆未超过国家标准,但是藏区牦牛样本农药和兽药残留量均显著低于广州本地牛肉样本。而广州本地散养黄牛肉样品中农药残留含量水平与西藏地区牦牛样本一致。以上实验结果与荧光定量PCR检测结果进行对照,农药残留和兽药残留检测结果与牦牛真伪匹配度高达91.67%,可以作为西藏地区自然放牧牦牛肉真伪检测的依据。同时可说明,从食品安全角度分析,西藏牦牛的营养价值显著优于本地普通饲养牛肉,但与自然放牧的本地黄牛肉的营养价值相近。该研究为居民膳食营养与安全评估提供参考依据。     

Determination of tetracycline residues in chicken meat by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Analysis of residual levels of tetracyclines (TCs) in chicken meat was performed using a validated liquid chromatography coupled with a tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technique. Overall, the recoveries for TCs ranged from 56.9% to 101.2%, with standard deviations of 4.5–13.2%. Detection limits ranged from 7.9 to 14.6?µg?kg^?1. In four of 60 samples, doxycycline (DXC) was determined in a range from 19.9 to 35.6?µg?kg^?1; and in one sample tetracycline was detected at 17.2?µg?kg^?1. Chlortetracycline (CTC) and oxytetracycline (OTC) were not detected in any of the tested samples. This study indicates that chicken meat sold in Bursa, Turkey, contained some residues of TCs. Therefore, stricter regulations for the use of antibiotics in the poultry industry and the monitoring of drug residues in chicken meat prior to marketing are needed. Finally, this method has been applied successfully for the confirmation of TCs in chicken meat.     

Incidence of tetracycline residues in chicken meat and liver retailed to consumers

The incidence of tetracyclines’ (TCs) residue (oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chlorotetracycline and doxycycline) in fresh chicken samples (meat and liver) collected during one year was recorded. TC residues were analysed using an HPLC-DAD method. The limit of detection for meat was 4.4, 5, 10 and 7?ng?g^?1 for OTC, TTC, CTC and DOC, respectively, compared with 5.5, 6, 12 and 9?ng?g^?1 stated for liver. The recovery of the method ranged from 91% to 70% depending upon both matrix type and tetracycline kind. The results revealed that 66 (44%) samples contained TC residues including 21 (42%) breast, 19 (38%) thigh and 26 (52%) liver samples. The corresponding contaminated ranges were 124–5812, 107–6010 and 103–8148?µg?kg^?1. A total of 12 (8%), 13 (7.33%) and 20 (13.33%) samples of breast, thigh and liver, respectively, had TC residues above the Codex maximum residue limit (MRL). Liver samples had a higher incidence and level than those found in breast or thigh samples.     

2018年广西禽蛋中兽药残留风险检测结果分析

目的 对广西不同地区禽蛋中兽药残留水平进行测定和风险分析。方法 采集广西11个地区超市、农贸市场等各流通领域的禽蛋82批次, 按照国家标准方法和《2018年国家食品污染物和有害因素风险监测工作手册》对禽蛋中14类48种兽药残留进行检测, 检测结果依据2002年农业部235号公告《动物性食品中兽药最高残留限量》等进行评价。结果 此次风险分析, 检出有兽药残留的样本22批次, 涉及8类19种兽药残留, 检出率为26.8%。结论 目前广西禽蛋中兽药残留风险现状不容乐观, 其中磺胺类及其增效剂和喹诺酮类残留情况较严重, 硝基咪唑类、氯霉素类次之, 应该引起相关部门重视, 加强对禽蛋产品药物残留的监控。     

欧盟动物及动物源食品中兽药残留监控及2018—2020年监测结果分析

欧盟经过多年对动物及动物源食品实施残留监控计划,已经逐渐形成一个完整、系统和科学的兽药残留监控模式。近年来,我国逐步加大了对兽药残留的监管力度,建立和完善了兽药残留监管体系。本文从欧盟兽药残留监控部门职能分工、兽药残留法规标准、监控计划、监控特点等4个方面介绍欧盟兽药残留监控体系,从总体概况、产品类别、项目监测情况等方面详细分析了2018—2020年欧盟动物及动物源食品中兽药残留检出情况,并与我国食品安全监督抽检情况做了对比,探讨了兽药残留超标产生的原因,提出风险管理建议,为我国食品安全监管决策和兽药残留标准体系建设提供参考。     

南湾街道水产品兽药残留监测分析

目的 对南湾街道辖区内水产品兽药残留进行监测分析。方法 针对辖区食品安全形势的特点, 以南湾街道辖区14个社区的农贸市场、超市商场为基础, 采集水产品共885批次。通过快速检测卡运用胶体金免疫层析法进行定性检测, 检测项目为孔雀石绿、氯霉素、呋喃西林代谢物、呋喃唑酮代谢物等, 并对检测结果进行数据分析和评价。结果 885批次水产品, 经检测共有29批次不合格, 不合格率为3.28%, 孔雀石绿、氯霉素、呋喃唑酮代谢物均有检出。结论 辖区内水产品存在一定程度的兽药残留问题, 黄骨鱼、鲫鱼为孔雀石绿检出的高危品, 海水贝类抗生素超标问题比较突出, 氯霉素残留问题仍存在。     

2017年深圳市家禽类食品兽药残留监测结果分析

目的 对深圳市家禽类食品中兽药残留水平进行测定和分析。方法 在深圳市10个行政区的商场超市、农贸市场及餐厅随机抽取鸡肉、鸭肉及鸡胃样品共计240份, 采用液相色谱-质谱/质谱法(liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS)测定家禽类食品中11种喹诺酮类抗生素、4种四环素族抗生素、氯霉素及五氯酚酸钠的含量。结果 240份家禽类食品兽药残留的总体检出率为3.75%(9/240), 检出项目及其检出率分别为恩诺沙星2.08%(5/240)、环丙沙星0.83%(2/240)、沙拉沙星0.42%(1/240)、氧氟沙星0.42%(1/240)。其他7种喹诺酮类抗生素、四环素族抗生素、氯霉素及五氯酚酸钠均未检出。240份家禽类食品总体超标率为0.42%(1/240), 仅有1份鸡肉样品恩诺沙星超标。结论 2017年深圳市家禽类食品中兽药残留水平较低,氯霉素和五氯酚酸钠达到我国《动物性食品中兽药最高残留限量》中规定的在所有食品动物、所有可食组织中不得检出的要求。     

Residue control of coccidiostats in food of animal origin in Poland during 2007–2010

Coccidiostats are widely used as feed additives to prevent coccidiosis. The off-label use of anticoccidials or feeding non-target animals with cross-contaminated feedingstuffs may result in the occurrence of coccidiostat residues in animal tissues and eggs. In EU countries, food of animal origin is subjected to official control of residues according to Council Directive 96/23/EC. In Poland, within the framework of the National Residue Control Plan, 3718 samples (3533 targeted and 185 suspect) of animal liver, eggs, drinking water and feed were tested for coccidiostats between 2007 and 2010. Violative residues of nicarbazin, lasalocid, maduramicin, salinomycin, semduramicin and robenidine were detected in 77 food samples (53 samples of chicken liver, 23 samples of eggs and 1 sample of turkey liver). A high percentage (31%) of non-compliant feed samples collected during follow-up investigations was observed, which confirms that feed cross-contamination may be the reason of the occurrence of coccidiostat residues in food.     

液质联用技术在兽药多类别、多组分残留 分析中的应用研究进展

兽药残留分析是食品安全实验室最广泛开展的分析项目之一,液质联用技术已成为兽药残留分析的关键技术和研究手段。除进行少数目标组分的定量测定外,多类别、多组分兽药的同时同步分析成为近年来兽药残留分析的发展趋势。液相色谱串联三级四极杆质谱和液相色谱串联高分辨质谱在兽药多残留分析中各有其特点和优势,各国研究者在牛奶、动物组织等动物源性食品中开展了抗生素等多残留的检测研究与应用工作。本文就目前液质联用技术及其在兽药多残留分析中的应用做一概述。     

Validation of a wide-spectrum microbiological tube test,the EXPLORER® test,for the detection of antimicrobials in muscle from different animal species

Explorer® is a simple and fast new kit for the detection of inhibitory substances in raw meat. The test, a 96-well microtitre plate, is based on the inhibition of microbial growth (Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores). It was validated in accordance with European Commission Decision 2002 European Commission. 2002. Commission Decision 2002/657/EC of 12 August 2002: implementing Council Directive 96/23/EC concerning the performance of analytical methods and the interpretation of results. Off J Eur Comm, L221: 8–36.  [Google Scholar]/657/EC (2002). The specificity and detection capabilities for five compounds from major antimicrobial families and robustness were studied. The specificity of the test was assessed with four different animal species and was found to be very satisfactory (false-positive rates lower than 10%). The detection capabilities for amoxicillin (10 µg kg^?1) and tylosin (100 µg kg^?1) were at the maximum residue limit (MRL) level (50 and 100 µg kg^?1, respectively) for both, for doxycycline (200 µg kg^?1) and sulfathiazole (200 µg kg^?1) at twice the MRL (100 µg kg^?1 for each) and for cefalexin (500 µg kg^?1) at 2.5 times the MRL (200 µg kg^?1). Twenty-one samples were analysed in parallel with the Four Plate Test, the STAR protocol and the Explorer® test. One false-positive result and two false-negative results (samples containing oxytetracycline) were reported with the Explorer® test. In conclusion, the Explorer® test was shown to be robust and easily automated. Photometric reading allows informatic data storage and objective readings between technicians and days. The test can be used as a wide screening test because it enables detection of most of the antimicrobial families (penicillins, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, sulphonamides, and macrolides) in muscles from different animal species (porcine, bovine, ovine, poultry).