速溶姜汁豆奶粉的研制

以大豆、奶粉和生姜为原料,研究了姜汁豆奶粉生产工艺及其关键工序。结果表明,传统工艺结合天然物质掩盖法和现代加工技术可获得理想的去腥和速溶效果。其最佳配方为:姜汁/豆浆比1:50,砂糖8%,奶粉25%。该产品具有豆奶和姜的复合香味,是一种天然、速溶、高营养、新口味的新型保健饮料。     

荞麦保健豆奶的研制

本文以大豆为主要原料，配以荞麦粉赋予保健功能，添加奶粉、甜叶菊以调味制成荞麦保健豆奶，并探讨了荞麦豆奶的生产工艺及配方。     

凝固型黑豆酸豆奶生产工艺的研究

目的确定以带皮黑豆为主要原料的凝固型乳酸菌发酵黑豆酸豆奶的生产工艺。方法将带皮黑豆制备成培养液,通过对发酵产物进行感官评价,从干酪乳杆菌FJAT-7928、嗜热链球菌FJAT-7927和植物乳杆菌FJAT-7926的不同组合中筛选出最佳组合作为发酵剂,通过单因素和正交试验确定培养液中乳糖、番茄汁、奶粉和白砂糖的最佳添加量和发酵时间。通过测定产品营养成分、发酵前后氨基酸含量变化以及低温储存期间乳酸菌活菌数、pH及酸度的变化,确定最佳生产工艺。结果选择干酪乳杆菌FJAT-7928和嗜热链球菌FJAT-7927等体积混合作为酸豆奶发酵剂;配料添加量为2%乳糖、4%奶粉和6%白砂糖;发酵时间为12h。制备的酸豆奶因保留黑豆皮成份呈淡枣红色,组织浓厚,口感黏稠顺滑,兼具黑豆香味和乳酸菌制品的风味。产品氨基酸种类齐全,发酵后除赖氨酸和谷氨酸含量明显下降(P<0.05)外,其余种类氨基酸及总氨基酸含量与发酵前无显著差异。产品在4℃低温条件下储存5d,乳酸菌活菌数、pH和酸度无显著变化。结论由优化的生产工艺发酵的凝固型黑豆酸豆奶符合GB/T30885—2014《植物蛋白饮料豆奶和豆奶饮料》中的感官要求和营养要求,低温贮藏稳定性较好。     

姜汁凝固型牛奶配方与工艺优化研究

以奶粉和生姜为主要原料,对不同配方和工艺条件下得到的姜汁凝固型牛奶进行感官评分,测定其凝胶强度,通过单因素试验及正交试验优化此工艺.结果表明:姜汁凝固型牛奶的优化配方和工艺为:奶粉12.5%(W:W),姜汁用量4.0%(W:W),蔗糖用量8%(W:W),pH 6.0,凝乳温度55℃.制得的产品凝乳完全,表面光滑,无乳清析出,具有姜汁凝固型牛奶固有的姜汁和牛奶的香味,口感滑嫩细腻,凝胶强度较大为110.5g.     

豆奶生产工艺研究

根据作者多年从事豆奶科研及技术转让的实践经验,结合国内外豆奶生产工艺,以山西五品食业有限公司豆奶生产工艺为例,详细介绍了适合规模化、标准化的豆奶生产工艺,希望能对豆奶生产和研究单位有所裨益。     

姜汁凝固型牛奶配方与工艺优化研究

以牛奶和生姜为主要原料,通过单因素及正交实验确定了姜汁凝固型牛奶配方与优化加工工艺。结果表明:姜汁凝固型牛奶的优化配方和工艺为奶粉用量18.5%,姜汁用量4.0%,蔗糖用量8%,pH 6.5,凝乳温度60℃。制得的产品凝乳完全,表面光滑,无乳清析出,具有姜汁凝固型牛奶固有的姜汁和牛奶的香味,口感滑嫩细腻。     

豆奶生产工艺研究

根据作者多年从事豆奶科研及技术转让的实践经验，结合国内外豆奶生产工艺，以山西五品食业有限公司豆奶生产工艺为例，详细介绍了适合规模化、标准化的豆奶生产工艺，希望能对豆奶生产和研究单位有所裨益。     

姜汁甜茶的开发

以姜汁、牛奶、白砂糖、红茶粉为原料,实验了姜汁甜茶的加工工艺。对姜汁的添加量进行单因素实验,以西藏传统甜茶基础配方为参考依据,主要从色泽、香气、滋味等方面进行感官评价,设计正交试验,确定最佳配方。经过优化,制出风味独特的姜汁甜茶,配方为姜汁14%、奶粉40%、白砂糖6%、红茶粉2%,产品的色泽、气味、口感和组织状态最佳,既保留了西藏传统甜茶特有的芳香甜润,又新增添了姜的清淡辛香。     

骨泥高钙豆奶的研制及其稳定性研究

以大豆、骨泥、奶粉为主要原料,采用模糊数学法和评分法相结合,在单因素实验的基础上,通过正交实验确定骨泥高钙豆奶的最优配方。结果表明:以100mL豆奶为基准,最优配方为:骨泥添加量0.4%、奶粉添加量2%、白砂糖添加量3%、柠檬酸添加量0.06%;最佳复合稳定剂组合为:羧甲基纤维素钠添加量0.11%、卡拉胶添加量0.04%、蔗糖脂肪酸酯添加量0.08%、单脂肪酸甘油酯添加量0.01%;在此条件下研制的豆奶含钙量高、口感顺滑、醇香细腻,其脂肪含量为1.785%,蛋白质含量为2.005g/100g,钙含量为343mg/100mL。     

微波辅助处理豆奶酶解液酿酒工艺研究

以豆奶为原料,经微波辅助处理后加酶水解,用水解液发酵酿酒。探讨了微波辅助处理功率、时间、加酶量、水解温度和时间、水解液pH等对豆奶水解效果的影响。结果表明,豆水质量比为1∶10的豆奶,在微波功率180W下处理20s,加入2%木瓜蛋白酶,60℃下水解3h,控制水解液pH值7.0,得到氨基酸含量丰富的豆奶水解液;在此基础上通过正交试验,得出豆奶水解液发酵制酒的工艺条件为:接种0.025%酵母,加入18%蔗糖,控制酶解液pH值3.3,在22～24℃发酵9d,发酵液中加入0.3%复合稳定剂,20～23MPa压力均质,所得产品风味好、口感细腻、稳定性高,不仅含有大豆的营养物质,还有发酵酒的芳香。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.