响应面优化法在药学领域的应用

响应面法(RSM)能利用较少的试验,建立较为准确的数学模型,找到试验变量的最佳组合及最优响应值。尤其是近年来在医药学领域发展迅速。文章简要介绍响应面法及其常用的几种设计方案和软件,并对其在药学领域中的应用进行总结,为以后查阅资料提供方便。     

响应面法优化全骨复合物营养液调配工艺

响应面法对全骨复合物营养液调配工艺进行优化。以鸡骨为原料制备全骨复合物营养液，以其气味、色泽、外观形态及滋味组成，经层次分析法定义的感官质量评价综合得分为响应值对全骨复合物营养液调配工艺参数进行优化，得到其回归方程。同时，采用SAS软件进行响应面分析优化后营养液制备丁艺参数为苹果酸添加量0．11％、甘氨酸添加量0．58...     

响应面分析法确定刺梨醋的加工工艺

在单因素的基础上,采用响应面分析法对影响发酵产醋的主要因素进行优化,建立影响因素与响应值之间的函数关系。根据回归方程寻优得出,最佳工艺条件为温度为30℃、接种量为4%、初始酒度为10%。发酵产醋量为11.56%。结果表明,响应面法对发酵产醋的条件优化合理,为工业生产提供理论依据。     

响应面法优化浓香型白酒调味方案的分析研究

调味是白酒生产中的重要工艺环节，采用Box-Behnken响应面法（RSM）对浓香型白酒调味方案进行优化。选取陈香调味酒、窖香调味酒和翻沙调味酒的使用比例为自变量，试验样品与标准样品感官分数的欧氏距离为响应值，设计三因素三水平的响应面试验方案，结果表明：回归方程拟合性好，3种调味酒比例分别为0.023%、0.021%和0.033%时，与标准样品之间的欧氏距离最小。经鉴评，按照该调味配方得到的酒样与标准样品相符，能够满足生产工艺和产品品质需求。     

响应面分析法优化丹贝固体发酵条件

采用Plackett-Burman法对影响丹贝发酵因素的效应进行评价,并获得了三个因素具有显著影响效应:面粉添加量、乳酸添加量、发酵时间;然后利用最陡爬坡实验逼近最大响应区域,采用响应面分析法对影响丹贝固态发酵的三个主要因素进行研究,建立了影响因素与响应值之间的回归方程,根据回归方程获得最佳发酵条件:面粉添加量1.9%、乳酸添加量1.O%、发酵时间为19.4h.     

应用响应面法优化虫草发酵核苷类物质

采用响应面法(RSM)对冬虫夏草茵(Cordycepssinensis)CS-wx液态发酵生产核苷类物质的3种主要培养基成分——麦芽糖、葡萄糖和蛋白胨进行优化，采用多元二次回归方程拟合3种因素与核苷类物质含量为响应值之间的函数关系。经回归分析表明，上述3种因素对核苷类物质的含量有显著影响。通过岭脊分析获得对核苷类物质含量有显著影响的因素最佳浓度为：麦芽糖2.17％，葡萄糖2.95％，蛋白胨2.74％，通过HPLC法检测腺苷含量为1.02mg／g，较原始培养基腺苷含量0.85mg／g提高了20％。     

块菌酒发酵条件的优化

利用响应面分析法对块菌酒发酵条件进行优化。研究温度、p H、酵母添加量、通气量对块菌酒发酵产酒精度的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,利用Box-Benhnken设计和响应面分析法以酒精度作为响应值,对发酵的最佳参数进行分析。试验结果表明,利用响应面法获得的发酵最佳参数为p H 4.36,发酵温度31.8℃,酵母菌添加量3.59%,通气量最多为2次/d,由回归方程可计算出在此参数下块菌酒发酵产酒精度的理论值为11.6%vol。     

响应面分析法优化甘薯的抗褐变工艺

利用响应面分析法优化甘薯加工过程抗褐变工艺.在单因素实验基础上,采用Plackett-Burman方法对影响PPO各因素的效应进行评价,筛选出有显著效应的3个因素:热烫温度、Vc、pH.根据中心组合Box-Benhnken实验设计采用3因素水平的响应面分析法,以PPO吸光值为响应值建立二次回归方程,通过响应面分析得到优...     

响应面法优化脐橙渣中水溶性膳食纤维提取工艺

以赣南脐橙渣为原料,采用纤维素酶制备水溶性膳食纤维。在单因素试验基础上,选取酶解温度、加酶量(质量分数)和酶解时间为响应变量,以水溶性膳食纤维得率为响应值,利用Box-Behnken试验设计方案和响应面分析法,建立水溶性膳食纤维得率与响应变量的回归方程,并确定最佳提取条件为酶解温度48℃、加酶量1.25%、酶解时间5h,此条件下水溶性膳食纤维得率为13.11%,与预测值13.14%较为一致。     

猫须草总黄酮的超声提取工艺

利用响应面法对猫须草总黄酮的提取工艺进行优化。在单因素试验基础上,选择温度、乙醇浓度和液料比为自变量,总黄酮提取率为响应值,利用响应面分析法,研究各自变量交互作用及其对总黄酮得率的影响,模拟得到二次多项式回归方程的预测模型。猫须草总黄酮的提取工艺为温度70℃、乙醇浓度54%、液料比20:1(mL:g)。在最优工艺条件下总黄酮得率为7.6%。     

多体系统动力学微分／代数方程组的一类缩并算法

提出了多体系统动力学微分／代数组初值问题的一类缩并数值积分方法，首先通过矩阵正交分解法对增广系统转化为非超定系统，然后用Ｔａｙｌｏｒ展开法将其改写为可交替失代的格式，并用Ｎｅｗｔｏｎ迭代与差分修正求得系统响应，文末通过对平面二连杆操作手仿真验证了算法有有效性。     

USE OF MAGNITUDE ESTIMATION IN SENSORY TEXTURE ANALYSIS OF BUTTER

Sensory determination of butter texture properties is usually done with category scales. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the applicability of the magnitude estimation procedure. To obtain individual stimulus-response-functions, butter of different temperatures was assessed sensorically for spread-ability and hardness by means of a trained panel. Instrumental measurements were done with four empirical methods (apparent yield value; extruder; force penetration; sectility). Excellent exponential relationships were achieved between magnitude estimation and instrumental values. Due to individual responses, different constants in the power law equations were found. A second experiment showed that spreadability can be evaluated best by apparent yield value, whereas sensory hardness is imitated by sectility testing.     

Short communication: effect of carbohydrate fermentation rate on estimates of mass fermented and milk response

Current prediction equations were used to evaluate the effects of rates of fermentation of fiber or starch in individual feeds on amounts of carbohydrate fermented ruminally and milk yield responses. The small predicted increases in carbohydrate fermented and milk response associated with doubling the rates of fermentation suggest that current prediction equations are relatively insensitive to changes in rate of fermentation.     

THE FLUID MECHANICS of COOKIE DOUGH EXTRUDERS

A model of the fluid mechanics of two roll cookie dough extruders, such as used for wire cut and rout cookies, is presented. the model uses the lubrication approximation to obtain a first estimate for the predictive equations for extruder capacity, power consumption, total shear strain, and forces developed by the rolls. These equations are used to understand the importance of various design and operational parameters.     

Mathematical Models for Nonsymmetric Freezing of Beef

A microscopic balance with simultaneous change of phase together with equations for predicting the thermal properties as a function of the ice content and a cryoscopic descent model are used to simulate the nonsymmetric freezing of a beef slab. The equations are solved numerically to obtain temperature profiles as well as freezing times. Comparison with experimental results shows good agreement. A variation of the thermal center position throughout the freezing process is detected and assumptions to predict its position in the different periods of freezing are supplied. On the basis of these assumptions a simplified model for calculating processing times in plate freezers is proposed, showing good agreement with experimental freezing times and with predictions obtained from the numerical model.     

构造(2+1)维BBM-Burgers方程的扩充守恒律

对于不具有拉格朗日函数的(2+1)维BBM-Burgers方程,通过引进其Fréchet导数共轭方程的方法得到扩充方程组.利用Noether法研究了该扩充方程组的守恒律,给出了(2+1)维BBM-Burgers方程的扩充守恒律及守恒向量.     

Optimization of process conditions for production of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides from vital wheat gluten using response surface methodology

The degree of hydrolysis (DH) and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory activity of vital wheat gluten (VWG) hydrolyzed using Alcalase were investigated using Box-Behnken response surface methodology (RSM). The mean responses were fitted to a second order polynomial to obtain regression equations. The enzyme-substrate ratio and the hydrolysis time increased the DH significantly (p<0.05). The substrate concentration was the only significant linear term leading to an increase in ACE-inhibitory activity. The optimized conditions of a substrate concentration of 5.04%, an enzyme-substrate ratio 5.94%, and a hydrolysis time 30.79 min gave a point prediction of a 12.74% DH and 82.28% ACE-inhibitory activity. Analytical results from confirmatory experiment were a 12.22%±0.5 DH and a 78.93%±1.07 ACE-inhibitory activity. The optimized conditions of the study provide useful information to the functional food and beverage industries to enhance the anti-hypertensive activities of peptides from VWG.     

Prediction of sheep responses by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy

Prediction of animal response from near infrared reflectance spectra of feeds was compared with predictions from chemical analyses. Sixty samples of pure and mixed forage-based diets were obtained from sheep intake and digestion trials. Sheep responses measured were digestible energy, dry matter intake, and calculated intake of digestible energy. Diets were analyzed chemically for protein, neutral detergent fiber, and in vitro dry matter disappearance. Coefficients of multiple determination and standard errors for fitting the sheep responses to these 60 diverse diets by regression equations developed from chemical analyses (.62 to .70) or spectra (.63 to .72) were similar. The 60 diets were divided into two sets of 30; one set was used to develop calibration equations for each sheep response, and the second set was used to test the equations. Calibration and errors of prediction were similar. When wavelengths chosen for each of the laboratory measurements were used to fit the sheep responses, standard errors were higher than when responses of sheep were predicted directly from spectra. The scanning instrument has the capability of predicting laboratory analyses and shows potential for predicting animal response as accurately as animal response can be predicted from laboratory analyses.     

Correction Factor of Come-up Heating Based on Mass Average Survivor Concentration in a Cylindrical Can of Heat Conduction Food

A mathematical expression is derived to estimate a correction factor for come-up heating, which may be used to calculate mass average survival concentrations. For this derivation, analytical heat conduction formulae are used to estimate transient state temperature distributions in a cylindrical can of heat conduction food. Through the dimensional analysis of the derived analytical expression, 12 dimensionless groups are formulated in order to examine the Influence of various process conditions as well as of food properties on the correction factors. Theoretical correction factors are then computed for various numerical combinations of these dimensionless groups. Through the nonlinear regression analyses of these computed factors, we obtain algebraic equations for representing these factors as a quadratic function of the dimensionless groups. There is fair agreement between the correction factors estimated by using the algebraic equations and by using heat penetration data collected experimentally.     

定量结构—活性相关法及其在食品研究中的应用前景

定量结构-活性相关（QSAR）从研究化合物的分子结构入手，运用适当的描述符，建立起结构和生物活性之间的定量关系。本文概述了QSRA方法的基本原理、研究方法及其在食品研究中的应用前景。