牛奶中抗生素残留检测的研究进展及应用现状

论述牛奶中残留抗生素的原因,列举商品化牛奶中抗生素残留的快速检测方法和试剂盒.主要的检测方法有微生物检测法、理化检测法、免疫法,并介绍其检测原理.     

牛奶中抗生素残留及其检测技术的研究进展

论述了牛奶中抗生素残留的原因和危害性,列举了目前国内外较流行的牛奶中抗生素的检测技术,并阐述了其检测原理。      

牛奶中抗生素残留及其检测技术的研究进展

论述了牛奶中抗生素残留的原因和危害性,列举了目前国内外较流行的牛奶中抗生素的检测技术,并阐述了其检测原理.     

3种方法检测牛奶中抗生素残留

长期使用抗生素会造成畜禽免疫力下降,引起畜禽内源性感染和残留,而食用过抗生素超量的畜产品的人,会产生抗药性,或大量蓄积而对机体产生毒害。近年,牛奶中的抗生素残留成为人们日益关注的话题。     

免疫传感器在牛奶抗生素残留检测中的研究进展

乳腺炎是奶牛的常见病,通常需要抗生素治疗,因此不可避免地造成牛奶中的抗生素残留。由于免疫传感器是将高灵敏的传感器技术与抗原、抗体特异性反应相结合的一种检测方法,易于实现抗生素残留检测仪器的便携化、微型化和自动化,因而成为近年来研究的热点。本文介绍免疫生物传感器的基本原理、组成与分类,重点介绍国内外应用免疫传感器检测牛奶中抗生素残留的研究进展,并分析未来免疫生物传感器的发展趋势。     

牛奶中抗生素残留快速检测方法分析

利用TTC法和SNAP快速检测法对牛奶中β-内酰胺类、四环素类、大环内酯类、氨基糖苷类、氯霉素、磺胺类、氟喹诺酮类等7个类别9种代表性抗生素检测结果进行比较分析,根据检测结果认为两种检测方法均存在一定缺陷,在原料乳质量控制检测工作中单独使用都存在一定风险,但在对原料收购地区奶牛饲养用药普查基础上,可以考虑使用SNAP法来控制原料乳中β-内酰胺类抗生素残留.     

乳和乳制品中残留抗生素的检测方法

论述了牛奶中残留抗生素的原因及危害性，列举了目前世界上较为流行的牛奶抗生素检测方法，并介绍了其检测原理。     

乳中抗生素残留及其检测方法的研究进展

介绍了乳中抗生素残留的原因、抗生素残留的种类以及国内外应用于乳中抗生素的检测方法,同时对不同种类抗生素的测定方法进行比较,为乳中抗生素检测新方法开发提供理论依据。     

用阻抗分析法快速检测牛奶中抗生素残留的研究

研究立足于牛奶中抗生素的快速检测,用嗜热乳酸链球菌作为指示菌,通过“阻抗分析仪”的自动检测、分析,根据DT时间的产生,判断牛奶中抗生素的残留情况。试验表明,方法操作简单、快捷,结果易判断,全部检测过程可在2 h之内完成。该方法的检测灵敏度与GB方法相类似,可检测牛奶中的青霉素为0.04U/mL。     

牛奶中抗生素残留检测试剂盒的研制及应用

对嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌芽孢的生成、营养基质、各成分添加比例等条件进行了研究,研制出检测牛奶中抗生素残留的96孔板试剂盒。此试剂盒对牛奶中青霉素G的检测极限为3ng/mL,阿莫西林的检测极限为4ng/mL,头孢匹林的检测极限为8ng/mL。同一批奶样检测结果证明,此试剂盒与西班牙ZEU-INMUNOTEC公司同类试剂盒产品质量相当,灵敏度高于国标TTC法,适于推广应用。      

乳及乳制品中抗生素类兽药残留快速检测技术

抗生素等兽药残留物分析是个十分复杂的技术问题，介绍了按不同目的和要求对抗生素等兽药残留物进行的分级检测的策略，并对目前国内外正在应用或开发的快速检测技术进行了介绍。     

牛奶中β-内酰胺类抗生素残留的快速检测方法

将微生物方法与仪器分析方法相结合，用嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌作为指示菌，通过“阻抗分析仪”的自动检测、分析，根据DT时间的产生，判断牛奶中抗生素的残留情况。结果表明，该方法操作简单、快捷，灵敏度高、结果易判断，全部检测过程可在2～3h内完成。本方法检测牛奶中青霉素G的检测限可达3μg／kg。     

乳酸菌发酵法检测牛乳中抗生素残留

目的建立一种简单、准确的检测牛乳中抗生素残留的方法-乳酸菌发酵法。方法以接种量和温度为变量,优化发酵条件;以青霉素为目标抗生素,建立检测方法;以发酵4 h未凝乳的样品中抗生素最低浓度为检测限,测定本方法对20种抗生素的检测限;对比本方法和GB/T 4789.27方法检测111个商品乳样品中抗生素残留检出率,验证本方法的准确性。结果建立了乳酸菌发酵法检测乳中抗生素残留的具体方法;确定了本方法对8类20种抗生素的检测限,其中4类12种抗生素的检测限低于其在牛乳中的最大残留限量(MRL);本方法和GB/T 4789.27方法检测111个商品乳样品抗生素残留检出率分别为9.0%和11.7%。结论本方法操作简单,结果准确,适合企业及基层检测单位作为初筛方法检测牛乳中的抗生素残留。     

Occurrence of several main antibiotic residues in raw milk in 10 provinces of China

In the present study, 199 raw milk samples were analysed for beta-lactams, tetracyclines, sulfonamides and quinolones. They were obtained from collection tanks of milk routes in 10 provinces of China. The occurrence and concentration range of the four antibiotics were investigated by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. At the detectable level, 0.5%, 47.2% and 20.1% of samples were positive for beta-lactams, quinolones and sulfonamides, respectively. No sample was positive for tetracyclines. Beta-lactams were positive only in Beijing while quinolones and sulfonamides were positive in all provinces. One (0.5%) sample for beta-lactams was above the maximum residue limits (MRLs, regulated by EU, CAC and China). The maximum concentrations for sulfonamides and quinolones were 16.28?µg?kg^–1 and 23.25?µg?kg^–1 which were under their maximum residue limits. More precaution should be taken on antibiotic controls because of the high detection rate of some antibiotics.     

Short communication: Rapid antibiotic screening tests detect antibiotic residues in powdered milk products

Rapid antibiotic screening tests are widely used in the dairy industry to monitor milk for the presence of antibiotic residues above regulated levels. Given the persistent concern over contamination of milk products with antibiotic residues, we investigated the utility of IDEXX Snap test devices (IDEXX Laboratories Inc., Westbrook, ME) as tools for detecting antibiotic residues in powdered milk products. Five powdered milk products were reconstituted according to manufacturer specification with distilled water: Carnation (Nestlé USA Inc., Solon, OH), Nido youth and Nido adult (Nestlé Mexico Inc., Mexico City, Mexico), ELK (Campina, Eindhoven, the Netherlands), and Regilait (Saint-Martin-Belle-Roche, France). Positive samples were generated by spiking reconstituted milk with penicillin G, cephapirin, or tetracycline to either the European Union-regulated maximum residue limit or the FDA-regulated safe/tolerance level, whichever was lower. Control, unspiked negative milk samples and positive samples were tested with appropriate IDEXX Snap test kits (penicillin G and cephapirin with New Beta-Lactam, tetracycline with New Tetracycline). All samples yielded definitive results consistent with expectations, and there were no instances of false-positive or false-negative readings. These results suggest that both the New Beta-Lactam and New Tetracycline IDEXX Snap test kits effectively detect antibiotic residues in commercially available powdered milk samples and are useful tools for monitoring antibiotic residues in reconstituted powdered milk products.     

Occurrence of antibiotic residues in milk from Manchega ewe dairy farms

Ewe milk samples from different ovine dairy farms from the Castilla-La Mancha region of Spain were collected from bulk tanks to estimate the occurrence of antibiotic residues in raw and heated (82 degrees C, 10 min) milk by the Delvotest SP test. The month of collection, somatic cell counts, and bacteriology were analyzed and examined by means of a logistic regression model. The screening of a total of 2686 raw milk samples showed 1.7% "positive" and 2.1% "doubtful" results, which decreased after heating treatment to 1.3% and 0.4%, respectively. "Positive" and "doubtful" samples were identified by penicillinase and p-aminobenzoic acid solutions, and the majority of them corresponded to antimicrobials different than beta-lactams or sulfonamides. By applying a logistic regression model, a significant effect of month of collection and bacteriology was observed in the initial screening and after the heat treatment. The highest percentages of "positive plus doubtful" results were observed in late summer-early autumn. A slight peak was also observed in spring in raw milk samples. Bacteriology was positively correlated with "positive plus doubtful" results.     

电化学生物传感器在农药残留检测中的应用研究进展

农药残留问题已对环境和人类健康造成严重威胁。因此,建立快速、灵敏、高效的农药残留检测方法势在必行。电化学生物传感器具有灵敏度高、选择性好、操作简便、成本低等诸多优点在分析领域有着广泛的应用。对农药残留检测中的样品前处理技术及电化学生物传感器应用的国内外最新进展进行了总结。     

Evaluation of screening test for detection of antimicrobial residues in ewe milk

The effects of preservatives (potassium dichromate and sodium azide), heat treatment (untreated and 82 degrees C/10 min), and lactation stage upon the response of the microbial tests (BRT AiM and Delvotest) utilized for the detection of residues of antimicrobial substances in ewe milk were examined. Milk samples were collected from the morning milking of 50 Manchega ewes every 2 wk, from 15 d postpartum until the end of lactation. A total of 2322 samples were analyzed by BRT AiM with prediffusion and Delvotest microbial tests. The specificity of preservative-free milk samples without heat treatment was high (96.3% for BRT and 97.7% for Delvotest), with results improving for those samples thermally treated at 82 degrees C/10 min (99.0% for BRT and 98.7% for Delvotest). Potassium dichromate produced a total inhibition of growth of Bacillus stearothermophilus with both methods. When acidiol was utilized, the specificity of the samples not treated thermally was lower compared with preservative-free milk samples for the BRT AiM (90.2%) and Delvotest (91.0%) methods, improving when the samples were thermally treated, both for BRT AiM (94.8%) and Delvotest (95.3%), given that the presence of the preservative increased the frequency of doubtful results. The lactation stage significantly affected the results of the methods, with a greater frequency of false-positive and doubtful cases toward the end of the cycle, especially in those samples preserved with acidiol. The greater selectivity in both methods was therefore obtained for preservative-free ewe milk samples with prior heat treatment taken at the beginning or in midlactation period.