纤维素纳米纤维的制备及其功能化技术进展

本文概述了由纤维素制备纤维素纳米纤维（CNF）的方法,同时对扩大CNF应用范围及为赋予其新功能而进行改性的方法（如吸附改性、分子接枝改性、聚合物接枝改性等）进行了总结,并对所制备的功能化CNF的应用进行了阐述。最后,展望了未来功能化CNF的发展方向。     

纤维素纳米纤丝的研究进展及应用前景

纤维素纳米纤丝(CNF)具有来源丰富、可降解、高长径比等优势,表现出独特的表界面效应和尺寸效应,受到科研人员的密切关注。阐述了机械法、化学法、酶解法制备CNF的作用机理及纤维特性,解析了纤维素疏水改性和接枝共聚对CNF性质的影响,列举了CNF在包装、吸附、储能、阻燃等领域的应用研究,并对CNF发展中存在的挑战进行了展望。     

亚麻分层纳米纤维素的制备及其增强热电复合材料性能

为从天然亚麻纤维中制备出分层纳米纤维素(即纤维素纳米纤维(CNF)与纤维素纳米晶(CNC)共存),并对其制备方法进行优化完善,提出将亚麻纤维在特定浓度的氢氧化钠溶液中碱化处理后,再进行四甲基哌啶氮氧化物(TEMPO)介导的三元氧化和机械处理的联合处理方法。然后将亚麻CNF与石墨烯复合制备CNF/石墨烯复合薄膜并研究亚麻CNF增强热电复合材料的性能。结果表明:碱化预处理使亚麻纤维直径变细,长度变短,半纤维素被脱除,是生成不同尺寸CNF的重要步骤;随着氢氧化钠用量在0~18%范围内的增加,所得CNF悬浮液的光透过率从3.7%增加到95.1%;CNF/石墨烯复合膜表现出最高功率因子,为8.0×10 ^-3 μW/(m·K ²),表明复合薄膜具有热电性能。     

基于三元DES体系制备硫酸化改性CNF及其性能研究

以漂白硫酸盐浆为原料,采用氨基磺酸/尿素/氯化胆碱三元低共熔溶剂(DES)体系预处理结合机械处理的方法制备硫酸化改性的纤维素纳米纤丝(CNF),并采用纤维图像分析仪、元素分析仪、场发射扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、Zeta电位分析仪、热重分析仪和多重光散射分析仪对制得的CNF性能进行表征。结果表明,三元DES预处理既可改性纤维原料又可对其产生润胀效果,从而促进其在纳米均质化过程中的纤丝化。与未经DES预处理的纤维原料在均质化处理过程中能耗(9.49×10⁷ kJ/kg)相比,DES预处理(1.61×10⁷～2.11×10⁷ kJ/kg)可节省77.8%～83.0%的能耗。DES预处理提高了所得CNF悬浮液的稳定性但导致其热稳定性下降;此外,延长DES预处理时间可促进纤维的纤丝化并降低纤维聚合度。     

基于三元低共熔溶剂体系制备阳离子化改性纤维素纳米纤丝及其性能研究

本研究以相思阔叶木浆为原料,采用氯化胆碱-甘油-氨基胍盐酸盐三元低共熔溶剂（DES）体系对高碘酸钠氧化生成的双醛纤维素（DAC）进行阳离子化改性预处理,结合超微粉碎和高压均质处理,制备阳离子化改性纤维素纳米纤丝（CCNF）。结果表明,经过DES阳离子化改性预处理后制备的CCNF比未经过任何改性处理所制备的CNF的结晶度增加,预处理60 min时,CCNF最大结晶度为63.36%,阳离子基团的引入使Zeta电位显著增大,由-18.0 mV至53.4 mV,但DES预处理会破坏纤维的内部结构,从而使悬浮液稳定性降低。     

高得率浆提高强度及结合性能的研究进展

从原料的预处理和浆料后处理两个方面阐述提高高得率浆强度性能及纤维间结合性能的途径,介绍了对纤维原料进行化学预处理、生物预处理,及纸浆纤维的化学改性及酶改性的最近研究进展。重点介绍了生物预处理法和浸渍处理、层层沉积技术、酶法改性和低温等离子体处理法几种纤维改性的新方法。这些方法中,硅烷浸渍处理、层层沉积技术及低温等离子体技术都是应用于纸浆纤维改性的新方法,且取得了比较理想的效果。     

纸浆纤维的改性及其研究进展

介绍了近十几年纸浆纤维改性的研究进展,除对纸浆纤维的常规化学改性和酶改性的研究进展进行了总结外,着重介绍了几种纤维改性的新方法:浸渍处理、多层膜技术、空间基化纤维(spacered fiber)等.这些方法中,硅烷浸渍处理和多层膜技术都是首次用于纸浆纤维的改性,取得了比较理想的效果.浸渍处理中的填糖法对降低纸张的成本有重要的意义,机械预处理对提高二次纤维的强度性质特别有效.最后展望了纸浆纤维改性的发展趋势和应用前景.     

基于低共熔溶剂硫酸化改性的纤维素纳米纤丝的制备及性能分析

本研究以漂白杨木化学浆为原料,采用氨基磺酸与甘油基低共熔溶剂（DES）结合超微粉碎处理制备硫酸化纤维素纳米纤丝（CNF）。探讨了预处理时间（1.0、1.5 h）、氨基磺酸与纤维素的摩尔比（20∶1、15∶1、10∶1）对纸浆纤维质量和CNF性能的影响。利用纤维质量分析仪、元素分析仪和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对DES预处理前后的纸浆纤维结构进行了分析表征。结果表明,与未经过DES预处理的纸浆相比,经过DES预处理后纸浆纤维长度显著降低,最多降低72.67%,而纸浆纤维直径有所增加,最大增加26.82%。随着预处理时间的延长和氨基磺酸用量的增加,纸浆纤维长度降低,纸浆纤维的直径增大,纸浆纤维的硫含量增加,取代度（DS）提高至0.17。使用粒度分析仪、原子力显微镜、Zeta电位检测仪、X射线衍射仪和多重光散射分析仪对制备的CNF进行分析显示,DES预处理后,CNF的平均粒径减小,平均粒径最小为40.02 nm,CNF胶体的Zeta电位在 -43.50~-18.80 mV之间,结晶度降低,最低为58.51%,CNF悬浮液的稳定性提高。     

纤维素纳米化处理技术研究现状

纳米纤维素因具有可再生、易改性以及优异的机械性能,在众多领域具有广阔的应用前景。植物来源的纳米纤维素主要包括纤维素纳米晶体和纤维素纳米纤维,本文主要介绍了以农副产品为原料的纤维素纳米化处理技术及其分类,包括制备纤维素纳米晶体的经典无机酸水解法以及有机酸水解法、低共熔溶剂法和离子液体法等新型制备方法。此外,还介绍了制备纤维素纳米纤维常用的预处理手段和制备方法,预处理方法包括以2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧自由基氧化为代表的氧化法预处理以及酶法预处理;制备方法包括高压均质、精细研磨、高强度超声和高压微射流等技术。最后,对现行纤维素纳米化处理技术中存在的问题进行综合分析,并探讨了其未来研究需求,以期为纳米纤维素的绿色高效生产提供理论参考。     

天然高聚物对兔毛改性处理的研究

采用天然高聚物作为固着剂,在微波场中对兔毛纤维与丝胶进行改性处理.考虑预处理工艺、丝胶浓度、固着剂浓度和微波参数4个因素,对实验方案进行优化设计,并讨论了各因素对兔毛纤维改性处理效果的影响.本方法具有工艺流程短、成本低、操作简便、环保等优点.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Detection of adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum by capillary electrophoresis and polarized light microscopy

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) and polarized light microscopy (PLM) were utilized in the detection of the adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum. For CE analyses, standards of locust bean and guar gums were extracted with 30% CH₃CN, removing the residual proteins from the gum matrix. A 8.75 mM NaH₂PO₄-20.6 mM Na₂B₄O₇ buffer, pH 9, was used to separate these proteins and to identify marker proteins that were present in the guar gum. These markers did not co-migrate with components in the extracts of mechanically processed locust bean gum, and are used as indicators of adulteration. Using PLM with toluidine blue and iodine staining techniques, unadulterated locust bean gum samples were distinguished from mixed samples through the differential staining of components in locust bean versus guar and tara gums. These experiments in the use of CE and PLM provide orthogonal and complementary methods for the verification of 'true' positives and the elimination of 'false' positives.     

10—THE WRINKLING BEHAVIOUR OF WOOL FABRICS: THE EFFECT OF ANNEALING AND CROSS-LINKING

An investigation is described in which various polyfunctional compounds were applied to wool in attempts to stabilize the temporary improvements in wrinkle-recovery brought about by ‘annealing’. Several reactive systems involving formaldehyde were found to produce the desired permanently improved wrinkle-recovery.     

Excellent Enterprises:keep on leading technology

正As a biennial industry event,ITMA ASIA+CITME2014 has attracted leading enterprises within global textile industry from Europe,American and Japan etc..To showcase the comprehensive development of oversea enterprises,The Textile Machiney Magazine has selected representative enterprises ranging from spinning,weaving,chemical fiber,knitting,nonwovensindustrial,accessories,dyeing and printing,to exhibit their advanced technology and equipment.In the era that global textile industry have ushered a new round     

"National Strategy on Adaptation to Climate Changes" Issued

On November 18th, 2013, the ＂National Strategy on Adaptation to Climate Changes＂ （hereafter referred to as the ＂The Strategy＂ ） jointly formulated by Nationa Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Finance Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Water Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Bureau of Forestry, China Meteorologica Administration, and State Oceanic Administration was issued by the agencies with an announcement on the issuance.     

Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Confirmed 2014 Main Expected Targets for Energy-Saving and Comprehensive Utilization

Ministr y of Industr y and Information Technology confirmed that the main expected targets for energysaving and comprehensive utilization in 2014 are：energy consumption and CO2 emissions per unit of industrial added-value decreases by 4.5%,water consumption per ten thousand Yuan of industrial added-value decreases by7%,comprehensive utilization of industrial solid waste is further improved,and pollution emissions in key industries is markedly reduced.     

2013 Annual Report of China's Paper Industry

According to the survey made by China Paper Association （CPA）, in 2013, there were about 3,400 paper ＆ board manufacturers. The total production and consumption of paper ＆ board were 101.10 million tons and 97.82 million tons, decreased by 1.37% and 2.65% compared to the previous year respectively; paper ＆ board per capita consumption was 72 kg. From 2004 to 2013, the average annual growth rate of paper ＆ board production was 8.26%, and the average annual growth rate of paper ＆ board consumption was 6.74%. As shown in Fig. 1.     

2014 China International Paper Technology Exhibition and Conference （CIPTE） Will Be Held in Shanghai

In order to promote the development of China＇s paper industry, display the technical achievements of a conlmu of paper nication paper industry, and provide platform for the enterprises and relative industries, China Paper Association,     

Distribution and stability of aflatoxin M1 during processing, ripening and storage of Telemes cheese

Telemes cheeses were produced using milk that was artificially-contaminated with aflatoxin M1 at the levels of 0.050 and 0.100 microg/l. The cheeses produced in the two cheese-making trials were allowed to ripen for 2 months and stored for an additional 4 months to simulate commercial production of Telemes cheese. Concentrations of aflatoxin M1 in whey, curd, brine, and the produced cheeses were determined at intervals by liquid chromatography and fluorometric detection coupled with immunoaffinity column extraction. Concentrations of aflatoxin M1 in the produced curds were found to be 3.9 and 4.4 times higher than those in milk, whereas concentrations in whey were lower than those in curd and milk. Aflatoxin M1 was present in cheese at higher concentrations at the beginning than at the end of the ripening/storage period, and it declined to concentrations 2.7 and 3.4 times higher than those initially present in milk by the end of the sixth month of storage. Concentrations of aflatoxin M1 in brine started low and increased by the end of the ripening/storage period but only a portion of the amounts of aflatoxin M1 lost from cheese was found in the brine. Results showed that Telemes cheeses produced from milk containing aflatoxin M1 at a concentration close to either the maximum acceptable level of 0.05 microg/l set by the European union (EU) or at double this value, will contain the toxin at a level that is much lower or slightly higher, respectively, than the maximum acceptable level of 0.250 microg of aflatoxin M1/kg cheese set by some countries.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.