铜绿微囊藻(Microcysti aeruginosa)胞外酸性多糖抗肿瘤活性实验研究

以细胞培养水平和部分荷瘤模型小鼠的实验比较了铜绿微囊藻胞外酸性多糖中分子量和酸性基团不同的两个组分EAPS Ⅰ和EAPS Ⅱ对肿瘤细胞的抑制效应.实验结果表明两者对正常人胚肾细胞有一定的毒性,但不大于临床使用的5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU);对人宫颈癌细胞(Hela),大鼠骨髓瘤细胞(SP2-0)和神经胶质瘤细胞(U251)都有较明显的抑制生长的作用,其抑制率随时间而逐渐增大,至第6～8d最为显著;都能抑制Hela细胞凋亡的进程;对荷S180肿瘤的模型小鼠的实验证明,两种样品多糖对模型小鼠延长生存时间的效应与5-FU没有显著性差异.     

浒苔多糖的纯化及抗氧化活性研究

利用DEAE-Cellulose52离子交换层析和Sepharose4B凝胶过滤层析时浒苔粗多糖进行了纯化,并采用Fenton反应和邻苯三酚自氧化法研究了粗多糖和纯化多糖EP-Ⅱ的体外抗氧化活性.结果显示,利用热水浸提、sevag法除掉蛋白质和95%乙醇沉淀后得到的粗多糖,经两步层析后可得到纯化的多糖组分EP-Ⅱ.浒苔粗多糖和EP-Ⅱ都能有效地清除羟基自由基(·OH),且均呈现一定的量效关系,当浓度为0.6mg/mL时,对羟基自由基(·OH)的清除率分别达到44%和59%.两种多糖对超氧阴离子自由基(O2-·)清除作用较弱.     

铜绿微囊藻（Microcystic aeruginosa）胞外酸性多糖抗肿瘤活性实验研究

以细胞培养水平和部分荷瘤模型小鼠的实验比较了铜绿微囊藻胞外酸性多糖中分子量和酸性基团不同的两个组分EAPSⅠ和EAPSⅡ对肿瘤细胞的抑制效应。实验结果表明两者对正常人胚肾细胞有一定的毒性,但不大于临床使用的5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU);对人宫颈癌细胞(Hela),大鼠骨髓瘤细胞(SP2-0)和神经胶质瘤细胞(U251)都有较明显的抑制生长的作用,其抑制率随时间而逐渐增大,至第6～8d最为显著;都能抑制Hela细胞凋亡的进程;对荷S180肿瘤的模型小鼠的实验证明,两种样品多糖对模型小鼠延长生存时间的效应与5-FU没有显著性差异。     

芦根多糖的分离纯化和体外抗肿瘤研究

从芦根中提取和纯化了芦根多糖,并研究其体外抗肿瘤活性。采用热水浸提法从芦根中提取芦根多糖,经Sevag法脱蛋白,冷冻干燥后,葡聚糖凝胶柱层析分离纯化,得到纯化的芦根多糖,苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖样品中总糖含量,凝胶层析测定多糖分子量,细胞毒性实验研究其体外抗肿瘤作用。结果测得芦根多糖样品中总糖含量为0.872%,分离纯化得到三种芦根多糖组分R-PolyⅠ、R-PolyⅡ、R-PolyⅢ,三者的分子量分别为79781、29073、10605u,细胞毒性实验表明三种芦根多糖组分对Hela细胞和B16细胞均具有良好的抑制作用。这为芦根多糖在食品工业及医药保健等领域的应用奠定了基础。     

菠萝半纤维素多糖的提取纯化及免疫活性研究

目的：从菠萝皮渣中的分离得到半纤维素多糖,初步研究其结构及免疫学活性。方法：采用EDAE-Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换柱色谱和Sepharose CL-6B凝胶过滤柱色谱分离纯化,得到菠萝半纤维素多糖PAP4-Ⅱ。高效液相凝胶渗透色谱检测其均一性及分子量,高效液相色谱、紫外光谱、红外光谱对多糖结构进行初步分析,体外T、B淋巴细胞增殖实验研究多糖的生物学活性。结果：菠萝半纤维素多糖PAP4-Ⅱ的分子量为1690kD,由木糖和阿拉伯糖两种单糖组成,含量分别为54.02mg/g和39.32mg/g,不含游离或结合的核酸、蛋白类物质,含有糖醛酸。体外细胞实验显示,PAP4-Ⅱ对T、B淋巴细胞增殖表现出抑制作用。结论：PAP4-Ⅱ是首次从菠萝皮渣中分离得到的酸性杂多糖。     

薤白多糖抑瘤及神经营养活性研究

采用MTT法对薤白多糖纯化组分(AMP40-1、AMP40-2)在体外抑制人肺癌细胞A549和人胃癌细胞BGC-823的增殖作用进行了研究。结果显示,AMP40-2对人肺癌细胞A549的生长具有一定的抑制作用。对人胃癌细胞BGC-823的增殖实验结果表明,薤白多糖AMP40-1、AMP40-2均能不同程度的抑制BGC-823细胞的增殖,且抑制作用与多糖之间存在不同程度的正相关量效关系和时效关系。通过大鼠肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤细胞PC12培养体系,对薤白多糖纯化组分(AMP40-1、AMP40-2)进行了神经营养活性研究。结果表明,薤白多糖AMP40-2对大鼠嗜铬细胞瘤PC12细胞具有一定的促分化作用。     

黑木耳多糖的羧甲基化及其对肝癌细胞H ePG2的抑制作用

对提取分离的黑木耳多糖进行羧甲基化,并对人体肝癌HepG2细胞株进行干扰研究,探讨其增殖抑制作用.将HepG2细胞进行贴壁培养,对处在对数生长期的HepG2细胞进行对照试验.结果表明,黑木耳中性多糖组、黑木耳酸性多糖组对HepG2细胞毒试验得到细胞存活率50%时的药物浓度范围在200～600 μg/mL.两种未经羧甲基化改性的黑木耳多糖在体外对人HepG2细胞具有抑制作用,而经羧甲基化改性的黑木耳多糖则没有.     

软骨多糖与灭活S180对荷瘤小鼠的免疫保护作用研究

研究软骨多糖与灭活的S180对荷瘤小鼠的免疫保护作用.以S180荷瘤小鼠为模型,分空白组.模型组和免疫组,其中免疫组又分为细胞单独免疫组、多糖单独免疫组和多糖和细胞共免疫组(CP-S180组),共计五组.免疫组经腹腔注射免疫两次后种入活S180细胞,期间观察小鼠生长及长瘤情况,并进行脾淋巴细胞增殖试验.实验结果表明,CP-S180组小鼠的生命延长率较细胞单独免疫组和多糖单独免疫组明显提高.CP-S180组小鼠的T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞的刺激指教也显著上升.软骨多糖与灭活的S180在一定程度上对荷瘤小鼠有免疫保护作用,软骨多糖可能起到了免疫佐剂的作用.     

皱盖疣柄牛肝菌多糖LRP-Ⅰ和LRP-Ⅱ结构表征及抗氧化活性分析

采用热水浸提皱盖疣柄牛肝菌多糖,纯化后得到两种精制多糖LRP-Ⅰ和LRP-Ⅱ,用多种色谱手段对两种多糖进行结构表征,并探索两种多糖的抗氧化活性差异。结果表明:红外光谱显示多糖LRP-Ⅰ和LRP-Ⅱ在构型上属α型吡喃己糖,具明显多糖吸收峰;水解后高效液相色谱显示LRP-Ⅰ单糖组成为甘露糖、鼠李糖、葡萄糖、木糖和岩藻糖,单糖摩尔比为0.68:0.10:2.87:0.28:0.12,LRP-Ⅱ单糖组成为甘露糖、葡萄糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖和岩藻糖,单糖摩尔比组成为1.69:2.30:2.06:0.10:1.04;高效凝胶渗透色谱检测LRP-Ⅰ分子量为1.98×104 Da,LRP-Ⅱ分子量为8.38×106 Da;甲基化衍生物气质联用分析LRP-Ⅰ和LRP-Ⅱ糖苷键类型,主要连接键型均有→1,4)-葡聚糖、→1,3)-甘露聚糖和→1,3)-木聚糖;扫描电镜显示,LRP-Ⅰ呈散片状、带状和丝状,LRP-Ⅱ呈致密网孔状。抗氧化活性表明,在多糖浓度为1~10 mg/mL时,LRP-Ⅰ和LRP-Ⅱ对ABTS和DPPH自由基有良好清除作用,LRP-Ⅰ的清除效果优于LRP-Ⅱ。本研究为了解皱盖疣柄牛肝菌多糖的活性机制提供了重要参考。     

节节草多糖的体外抗氧化活性

从节节草中提取多糖并进行纯化,分别研究其多糖粗品及纯化品对.OH、O2-.、NO2-的清除作用和对油脂氧化的抑制作用,并与VC进行比较。结果表明:两种多糖对.OH、O2-.及NO2-具有不同程度的清除能力,清除效果与多糖质量浓度均呈现一定的量效关系,节节草多糖粗品的清除能力强于纯化品,对油脂氧化有显著的抑制作用,但两种多糖抗氧化效果均弱于VC。     

Probiotics and prebiotics--perspectives and challenges

Owing to their health benefits, probiotics and prebiotics are nowadays widely used in yogurts and fermented milks, which are leader products of functional foods worldwide. The world market for functional foods has grown rapidly in the last three decades, with an estimated size in 2003 of ca US$ 33 billion, while the European market estimation exceeded US$ 2 billion in the same year. However, the production of probiotics and prebiotics at industrial scale faces several challenges, including the search for economical and abundant raw materials for prebiotic production, the low-cost production of probiotics and the improvement of probiotic viability after storage or during the manufacturing process of the functional food. In this review, functional foods based on probiotics and prebiotics are introduced as a key biotechnological field with tremendous potential for innovation. A concise state of the art addressing the fundamentals and challenges for the development of new probiotic- and prebiotic-based foods is presented, the niches for future research being clearly identified and discussed.     

常用消毒灭菌法及其机理与应用

介绍了采用消毒灭菌方法,有加热消毒法,紫外线辐射法和化学药剂消毒法。常用化学药剂有醛类、含氯消毒剂、醇类消毒剂以及高锰酸钾、生石灰等,阐释了消毒与灭菌两个概念的区别。     

European citizen and consumer attitudes and preferences regarding beef and pork

This paper presents the combined mid-term findings of the consumer research components of two EU Sixth Framework Programme integrated projects concerning meat, ProSafeBeef and Q-PorkChains. The consumer pillar of ProSafeBeef carried out eight focus group discussions in May 2008, in France, Germany, Spain and the UK. Q-PorkChains conducted a large-scale, web-based, consumer survey in January 2008 in Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Greece and Poland. The first project provides a set of qualitative data from a small cohort of focus groups and the second a set of quantitative data from a larger consumer sample. This paper draws together the main findings of both projects and provides a comprehensive overview of European citizens’ and consumers’ attitudes towards and preferences regarding beef and pork. In general, consumers consider meat to be a healthy and important component of the diet. Consumers support the development of technologies that can improve the health attributes of meat products and guarantee eating quality, but they have a negative view of what they see to be excessive manipulation and lack of naturalness in the production and processing of beef products. In the Q-PorkChains study consumer and citizen segments are identified and profiled. Consumer segments were built upon the frequency and variety of pork consumption. The citizen segments were built upon their attitudes towards pig production systems. Overall, the relationship between individuals’ views as citizens and their behaviour as consumers was found to be quite weak and did not appear to greatly or systematically influence meat-buying habits. Future studies in both projects will concentrate on consumers’ acceptance of innovative meat product concepts and products, with the aim of boosting consumer trust and invigorating the European beef and pork industries.     

Heritability and correlations for body condition score and dairy form within and across lactation and age

The objectives of the current study were to investigate the relationship between body condition score (BCS) and dairy form and changes in genetic parameters for BCS and dairy form within and across lactations and age. Body condition score and dairy form were obtained from the Holstein Association USA, Inc. Records were edited to include those cows classified between 24 and 60 mo of age and between 0 and 335 d in milk (DIM). A minimum of 20 daughters per sire and 15 cows per herd-classification visit were required. The dataset consisted of 135,178 records from 119,215 cows. Repeatability, multiple trait, and random regression models were used to analyze the data. All models included fixed effects for herd-classification visit, age within lactations 1, 2, and 3 or higher, and 5th-order polynomials for DIM. Random effects included sire and permanent environment for all models. Random regression models included age at classification nested within sire or DIM and lactation number nested within sire. Genetic variance for both BCS and dairy form was lowest in early lactation and highest in midlactation. Genetic correlations within and across lactations were high. The genetic correlation between DIM 0 in lactation 1 and DIM 305 in lactation 3 was estimated to be 0.77 for BCS and 0.60 for dairy form. The genetic correlation estimate between 30 mo of age at classification and 50 mo of age at classification was 0.94 for both dairy form and BCS. The repeatability models appeared to generate accurate evaluations for BCS or dairy form at all ages and stages of lactation.     

组学技术与果蔬采后质量和安全控制

果蔬可以提供营养, 有利于人类健康, 而果蔬的后熟及其与环境的相互作用会影响果蔬采后的质量和安全。对果蔬生物学过程的了解和掌握是减少果蔬采后损失和保障果蔬采后质量和安全的关键。在过去的10多年, 基于组学技术的系统生物学在了解果蔬后熟及其与环境相互作用的分子机制方面得到了越来越多的应用。本文对此做了细致的总结, 指出了存在的不足, 并提出了未来的发展方向。     

原花色素及其开发应用

对原花色素的结构、化学特性、制备、分析方法、应用前景作一综述,并重点讨论其生理功能,为在功能性食品、药物、化妆品等领域的深入研究和开发提供参考。     

Dioxins and PCBs in ostrich meat and eggs: levels and implications

ABSTRACT

Although consumption of eggs is an essential part of our diet, limited information is available for table eggs other than those laid by hens. The aim of our study was to determine concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), dioxin-like (DL-) and non-dioxin-like (NDL) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in ostrich eggs and meat available on the Polish market, in order to obtain baseline information on the current status of these pollutants in comparison to poultry products. Obtained data were compared with the binding EU limits set for chicken eggs and meat. The levels of individual PCDD/Fs and PCBs congeners varied considerably. The percentage share of total WHO toxic equivalency factor (WHO-TEQ) content indicates the dominant role of PCDD/Fs. High concentrations of PCDD/F and DL-PCBs, in the range of 0.85–74.48 pg WHO-TEQ g^?1 fat, were found in ostrich eggs; this exceeds the maximum level permitted for chicken eggs by a factor of up to 15. Eight of the 11 egg samples exceeded the action level for hen eggs. Although the ostrich meat concentrations of PCDD/Fs do not exceed the limit established for poultry muscle (1.75 pg g^?1 fat), average contents of PCDD/Fs exceeded almost four times the levels in chicken and turkey muscle. Human exposure was evaluated and the resulting risk was characterised. Taking into account the low average consumption of ostrich eggs, the resulting exposure to dioxins for the general population can be considered as negligibly low. However, the individuals who frequently consume such eggs may be at risk of elevated exposure. Although ostrich products are not consumed frequently, such data are nevertheless useful for food safety purposes.     

天然香精香料与生物技术

天然香精香料是高价值的精细化工产品和食品添加剂,但原料来源有限且提取成本高。利用生物技术生产这类产品具有广阔的前景。简述了发酵工程、酶工程、细胞工程和基因工程在香精香料中的应用,并探讨了生物技术在香精香料中的应用前景。     

Phenolic composition and nutraceutical properties of organic and conventional cinnamon and peppermint

Conventional and organic cinnamon and peppermint were investigated for their phenolic profile, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Accelerated solvent extraction with 75% acetone was used to extract samples. Caffeic acid was the most abundant phenolic acid in peppermint. Catechin, (−)-epigallocatechin gallate, syringic acid, gallic acid, vanillic acid, and p-coumaric acid were also detected in both spices. There was no significant difference between conventional and organic spices in the composition of most individual phenolics. All conventional and organic peppermint and cinnamon extracts exhibited strong anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties. Cinnamon was more efficient in inhibiting IL-1β and COX-2 expression, while peppermint showed better inhibitory effect on IL-6 and MCP-1. This study indicates that cinnamon and peppermint may potentially be used as dietary sources of bioactive phytochemicals for improving health.     

毛霉型低盐速成豆豉工业化生产工艺与设备

本文介绍了毛霉型低盐速成豆豉的工业化生产工艺及生产线的关键设备。