荧光型重组酶聚合酶扩增技术检测食品中大肠埃希氏菌O157

研究基于荧光型重组酶聚合酶扩增(exo-RPA)技术原理,建立了一种大肠埃希氏菌O157的快速检测方法。应用该方法对多种大肠埃希氏菌O157菌株和非大肠埃希氏菌O157菌株的检测结果表明,该方法的荧光探针和引物具有良好的特异性。对于梯度稀释的插入靶基因序列的质粒pUC57-rfbE和大肠埃希氏菌0157的检测,大肠埃希氏菌O157 exo-RPA检测灵敏度分别可以达到10~2 copies/μL和2.1×10~4 cfu/mL。对食品样品中大肠埃希氏菌0157的检测,exo-RPA方法显示出了良好的稳定性。并且食品样品中目标菌经4 h增菌后,该方法的灵敏性可以满足对食品样品中初始浓度为2.1×10~1 cfu/mL的目标菌的检测。因为大肠埃希氏菌exo-RPA方法配套设备简便、廉价,所以该方法可以在各级检测机构中推广,并适用于食品生产到消费各环节中大肠埃希氏菌0157的即时检测。     

大肠埃希O157:H7等致病菌多重PCR法快速检测试剂盒的研制

目的:研制一种能够同时快速检测大肠埃希O157:H7、志贺氏菌和致病性蜡样芽孢杆菌的三重PCR试剂盒.方法:以大肠埃希O157:H7的hlyAB基因、痢疾志贺氏菌的IpaH基因和致病性蜡样芽孢杆菌的hblA基因作为目的基因片段O157:H7、痢疾志贺氏菌和致病性蜡样芽孢杆菌的特异性抗原基因序列,分别设计1对引物,并对其反应条件进行优化,建立1种多重PCR检测试剂盒.结果:本试剂盒可准确检测出生肉和即食肉制品中的上述3种致病菌,O157:H7检出极限为19.8 cfu/mL,志贺氏菌检出极限为17 cfu/mL,蜡样芽孢杆菌检出极限为17.7 cfu/mL.可在5 h内完成全部反应过程,得出检测结果.结论:本试剂盒在理论和实际应用方面均具有优越性,能够同时检测上述3种病原菌,可用于食品及其原料的生物安全检测,也可用于兽医临床诊断.     

Taqman探针荧光PCR法检测食品中的大肠埃希氏菌O145

针对大肠埃希氏菌O145的O抗原基因簇的wck D基因的特异性序列设计引物和Taqman探针,建立检测大肠埃希氏菌O145的荧光PCR方法,对其灵敏度、特异性进行验证,并将其用于食品样品的检测。结果表明,本研究中的方法可实现对大肠埃希氏菌O145的特异性扩增,其它27株非O145大肠埃希氏菌和20株非大肠埃希氏菌细菌的菌株均无扩增;检测的灵敏度可达165拷贝/反应;339份食品样品EC肉汤增菌后用本荧光PCR法进行检测,检出大肠埃希氏菌O145阳性31份,阳性率为9.1%。实验结果表明,本研究成功建立了可用于食品中大肠埃希氏菌O145的Taqman探针荧光PCR方法,食品样品采用EC肉汤增菌24 h、热裂解法提取核酸,增菌后检测所需时间由至少3 d~7 d缩短为仅需2 h~3 h,食品检测全过程仅需约28 h,经证实本方法特异性强、操作简便,为食品中大肠埃希氏菌O145提供了一种的快速检测手段。     

3种食品致病菌实时荧光核酸恒温扩增试剂盒

目的 以传统国标培养法作为参考比对方法,考察实时荧光核酸恒温扩增(simultaneous amplification and testing, SAT)食品检测试剂盒,在食品中检测致病菌志贺氏菌、大肠埃希氏菌O157：H7/NM,以及阪崎肠杆菌的一致性。方法 以食品中志贺氏菌、大肠埃希氏菌O157：H7/NM和阪崎肠杆菌国标培养法为参考方法,以基因测序法作为确认法。,考量SAT食品检测试剂盒方法的灵敏度、特异性、假阳性率、假阴性率、准确度,同时进行2种方法的显著差检验。结果 3种SAT食品检测试剂盒灵敏度均为100%,假阴性为0;特异性志贺氏菌100%,阪崎肠杆菌100%,大肠埃希氏菌O157：H7/NM 98.4%。大肠埃希氏菌O157：H7/NM假阳性率为1.2%。结论 SAT试剂盒检测方法具有高灵敏度、特异性强、准确度高,无一例漏检。     

3种食品致病菌实时荧光核酸恒温扩增试剂盒方法验证比对研究

目的以传统国标培养法作为参考比对方法,考察实时荧光核酸恒温扩增(simultaneous amplification and testing,SAT)食品检测试剂盒,在食品中检测食源性致病菌如志贺氏菌、大肠埃希氏菌O157∶H7/NM、阪崎肠杆菌的一致性。方法以食品中志贺氏菌、大肠埃希氏菌O157∶H7/NM和阪崎肠杆菌国标培养法为参考方法,以基因测序法作为确认法,考量SAT食品检测试剂盒方法的灵敏度、特异性、假阳性率、假阴性率、准确度,同时进行2种方法的显著差异检验。结果 3种SAT食品检测试剂盒灵敏度均为100%,假阴性为0;特异性:志贺氏菌100%,阪崎肠杆菌100%,大肠埃希氏菌O157∶H7/NM 98.4%。大肠埃希氏菌O157∶H7/NM假阳性率为1.2%。结论 SAT试剂盒检测方法具有灵敏度高、特异性强、准确度高的优点,无一例漏检。     

食品分析能力评估计划能力验证样品中大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7的分离鉴定及质量控制

目的从食品分析能力评估计划能力验证样品沙拉中分离、鉴定大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7,判断2份样品是否有检出。方法参照GB 4789.36-2016《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7/NM》进行检测,将VITEK 2 compact生化结果符合的菌株进行O157和H7抗原血清学鉴定。结果样品编号M221d11B检出大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7,样品编号M221d11A未检出大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7。测试样品的背景干扰菌是成团泛菌和铜绿假单胞菌。结论取得满意的能力验证结果需要注意以下因素:培养基试剂的质量、样品之间的交叉污染、样品的正确复苏和制备、菌落特征的识别以及干扰菌株的排查等。     

干燥型荧光PCR试剂盒检测食源性致病菌研究

目的研究干燥型荧光PCR试剂盒检测副溶血性弧菌、大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7和单增李斯特菌3种食源性致病菌的灵敏度、特异性和检测人工污染样品情况。方法目标菌和非目标菌接种至血平板, 36℃培养过夜,目标菌比浊至0.5 McF(麦氏单位), 10倍连续稀释后提取DNA,进行灵敏度研究;非目标菌直接提取DNA后检测,进行特异性研究;用高、中、低3个浓度目标菌液人工污染食品样品,按国标方法培养后用干燥型荧光PCR试剂盒检测。结果副溶血性弧菌、大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7和单增李斯特菌的最低检测浓度分别为140、380和7900 CFU/mL。3种目标菌人工污染食品样品的最低检测浓度分别为1.2 CFU/25 g、5.1CFU/25 g、10 CFU/25 g。每种试剂盒仅对目标菌株的检测结果呈阳性,非目标菌株均呈阴性。结论新型干燥型荧光PCR检测试剂盒具有较好的灵敏度和良好的特异性,适用于食品中副溶血性弧菌、大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7和单增李斯特菌的检测。     

基于实时荧光聚合酶链式反应快速检测食源性大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7

目的 建立一种快速、灵敏、特异、高效的食源性大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7型实时荧光聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)检测方法。方法 针对大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7型的O抗原特异基因rfbE保守区域设计特异性引物和探针, 合成基因片段绘制标准曲线, 在菌液基因组DNA和质粒双层面调试优化以完成方法的初步建立。其后, 对该方法的特异性、敏感性、重复性等进行全面的质量评估验证。结果 该方法特异性100%; 基因组DNA检测敏感性为7.11×102 fg/μL; 纯培养物水平检测敏感性为1.0×102 CFU/mL; 重复性变异系数在0.10%~1.00%之间; 标准曲线相关系数r2为0.9994。结论 成功建立了一种性能良好的大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7型实时荧光探针PCR快速检测方法, 该方法具有灵敏度高、特异性强、扩增时间短, 仅为35 min的特点, 可用于疑似大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7型污染样品的快速诊断检测。     

实时荧光重组酶聚合酶扩增检测大肠埃希氏菌O157

目的建立实时荧光重组酶聚合酶扩增(real-time recombinase polymerase amplification,real-time RPA)检测大肠埃希氏菌O157的分析方法。方法根据大肠埃希氏菌O157的rfbE基因(S83460.1),设计特异性引物和exo探针,分别进行引物探针筛选和特异性、灵敏度以及稳定性探究,并对人工污染样品和实际样品进行检测,验证本研究方法的实用性。结果本方法在37℃恒温20 min内可完成对大肠埃希氏菌O157的定性检测,目的 DNA的检测限为0.01ng/μL,目的菌的检测限为10~3CFU/mL。在稳定性实验中,选择从100～0.001 ng/μL的10倍梯度稀释的目的 DNA进行每个浓度8个平行的测试, 0.01 ng/μL及以上浓度的DNA的8个平行均可稳定检出。对于大肠埃希氏菌O157的初始污染量为4 CFU/25 g的牛奶和鸡肉人工污染样品,增菌9 h后,可检出其中的目的菌。用本方法和国标方法 GB 4789.36-2016同时检测20份实际样品,结果一致。结论该方法快速、简便,可作为一种常温下大肠埃希氏菌O157的快速检测手段,应用于基层实验室或现场检测。     

基于噬菌体特异性的新型荧光酶联方法检测食品中大肠埃希菌O157∶H7

目的对一种基于噬菌体特异性的检测食品中大肠埃希菌O157∶H7的新型荧光酶联方法(VIDASECPT)进行了评价。方法利用VIDASECPT、VIDASECO、BAXO157三种快速方法检测不同浓度大肠埃希菌O157∶H7标准菌株的生理盐水悬浮液,并对VIDASECPT和常规培养法检测食品中大肠埃希菌O157∶H7进行了比对。结果 VIDASECPT检测大肠埃希菌O157∶H7的检出限为104 CFU/ml,并且不受大肠埃希菌背景菌的干扰,其他两种快速方法的检出限均为105 CFU/ml,其中VIDASECO易受到背景菌的干扰;检测不同食品基质中大肠埃希菌O157∶H7,当大肠埃希菌O157∶H7的浓度为104 CFU/ml时,VIDASECPT与常规培养法无统计学差异。结论 VIDASECPT方法检测大肠埃希菌O157∶H7具有快速、灵敏、抗干扰性强的特点。     

Immunoliposomes Sandwich Fluorometric Assay (ILSF) for Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7

ABSTRACT: We report the development of automated flourometric immunoassay for the detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7, using antibody-directed liposomes (immunoliposomes) encapsulating fluorophore as an analytical reagent. Thiolated antibodies (anti- E. coli O157:H7) were coupled to malemide-tagged liposomes encapsulating dye. To automate the assay, a fluorescence plate reader was included in the assay system to detect fluorophore released from lysed liposomes in a microplate. The detection limit of the current assay with pure cultures of the serotype was about 10⁴ colony-forming units (CFU)/mL. The assay can detect E. coli O157 in ground beef samples inoculated with as few as 0.8 CFU/mL after a 12-h enrichment. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using fluorophore-encapsulated immunoliposomes in a microtiter plate for the rapid and automated detection of molecules with multivalent antigenic sites.     

CONCURRENT DETECTION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7 AND SALMONELLA FROM A SINGLE ENRICHMENT IN 24 H

The objective of this study was to determine if a single assay protocol could result in the concurrent detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella from a single sample grown in a single enrichment in 24 h. Twenty-five and 375 g of ground beef nonfat dry milk, and dry pet food samples were seeded with low (10 cfu/sample) and high (100 cfu/sample) levels ofE. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella cultures and incubated at 35 and 41C for 18 h for nonselective preenrichment. Incubated samples were analyzed by immunomagnetic separation (IMS) following a 6 h incubation for selective enrichment at 37C using M-broth and enzyme linked immumosorbent assay (ELISA). Depending on the food samples and the inoculation level, the minimum concurrent detection level of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella was <1 cfu/g in the samples at the competitor flora level of 10⁵ cfu/g or less in ground beef samples, but in other cases of higher competitor loads and low target inoculations E. coli O157:H7 could not be detected in the presence of the Salmonella.     

Combination of Carbon Dioxide and Cinnamon to Inactivate Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Apple Juice

ABSTRACT: Pasteurized apple juice with CO2 (0, 1, and 4%) and cinnamon (0 and 0.3%) was inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 at 104 CFU/mL, and stored at 5 and 20 °C. Counts on nonselective and selective media, and thin agar layer (TAL; selective medium overlaid with nonselective medium) were determined at 1 h and 1, 3, 7, and 14 d. Inactivation was greater at 20 °C. Samples with 1 and 4% CO₂, alone and combined with cinnamon, presented < 0.7 log CFU/mL in 3 d. Counts in apple juice inoculated at 10² CFU/mL, a low-level E. coli O157:H7 contamination, were nondetectable at 3 d. The TAL method was as effective as nonselective medium to recover injured cells.     

多重PCR检测冷却肉中的3种致病菌

分别针对沙门氏菌(Salmonella choleraesuissubs.choleraesuis,S)编码DNA结合蛋白的基因hns、大肠O157:H7(Escherichia coliO157:H7,E)编码外膜蛋白紧密素的基因eaeA和单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌(Listeria monocytogenes,L)溶血素O基因Hly设计3对引物,建立同步检测肉制品中3中致病菌的多重PCR方法。通过对多重PCR特异性和灵敏度进行分析,对多重PCR反应条件进行优化,结果表明,此方法简便、快速,可使混菌检测灵敏度达到103cfu/mL。     

Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enteritidis in Liquid Egg White Using Pulsed Electric Field

ABSTRACT: The effects of temperature and pulsed electric field (PEF) intensity on inactivation of pathogens such as Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enteritidis in egg white was investigated. Liquid egg white inoculated with 10⁸ colony-forming units (CFU)/mL of each pathogen was treated with up to 60 pulses (each of 2 JAS width) at electric field intensities of 20 and 30 kV/cm. The processing temperatures were 10°C, 20°C, and 30°C. After treatment, uninjured and total viable cells were enumerated in selective and nonselective agars, respectively. Maximum inactivations of 3.7 and 2.9 log units were obtained for S. enteritidis and E. coli O157:H7, respectively, while injured cells accounted for 0.5 and 0.9 logs for E. coli O157:H7 and S. enteritidis , respectively. For both bacteria, increasing treatment temperature tended to increase the inactivation rate. There was synergy between electric field intensity and processing temperature. The inactivation rate constant k _T values for E. coli O157:H7 on both selective and nonselective agars were 8.2 × 10^-3 and 6.6 × 10^-3/μS, whereas the values for S. enteritidis were 16.2 × 10^-3 and 12.6 × 10^-3/μS, respectively. The results suggest that E. coli O157:H7 was more resistant to heat-PEF treatment compared with S. enteritidis.     

EXAMINATION OF THE MICROBIAL STATUS OF SELECTED INDIGENOUS FERMENTED FOODS IN NIGERIA

Four Nigerian traditionally fermented foods (wara, nono, ogi and kununzaki) were evaluated for the presence of some microorganisms of public health concern. Among the dairy foods , Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella sp. were isolated from wara while Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp. and Klebsiella sp. were isolated from nono. The cereal-based fermented foods (ogi and kunu-zaki) contained Bacillus subtilis, E. coli, S. aureus, Klebsiella sp. and Enterococcus faecalis. The mesophilic aerobic counts were: 5 × 10⁵ for wara; nono, 1.53 × 10⁷; ogi, 3.6 × 10⁶ and kunu-zaki, 2.6 × 10⁶ cfu/mL. The enterobacteriaceae counts on nono, wara, ogi and kunu-zaki were 1.79 × 10⁷, 4.5 × 10⁵, 4.0 × 10⁵ and 1.2 × 10⁶ cfu/mL, respectively. No Vibrio count (detection limit: <10 cfu/mL) was recorded in all the food samples considered. The yeast and mold counts ranged from 1.0 × 10⁵– 3.31 × 10⁷ among the food products. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the organisms isolated from dairy products (nono and wara) revealed that they were resistant to ampicillin (100%) and sensitive to gentamicin (100%) and nalidixic acid (100%). Most isolates from cereal based products (ogi and kunu-zaki) were 100% resistant to penicillin, ampicillin and chloramphenicol. This work highlights the need to maintain hygienic standards in the preparation of our locally fermented cereal and dairy foods.     

Collaborative evaluation of detection methods for Escherichia coli O157:H7 from radish sprouts and ground beef

For the evaluation of plating and immunological methods applicable to the detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from ground beef and radish sprouts, a collaborative study was conducted. It focused on a comparison of the efficiency of the plating and immunological methods using various plating agars and immuno-kits in combination with enrichment in modified E. coli broth supplemented with novobiocin (mEC + n), and using immunomagnetic separation. The plating media tested were sorbitol MacConkey agar (SMAC), SMAC supplemented with cefixime (0.05 mg/l) and potassium tellurite (2.5 mg/l) (CT-SMAC), and agars containing beta-glucuronidase substrates such as BCM O157 and CHROMagar O157. The immuno-kits used were Now E. coli, Path-Stick O157, VIP, EHEC-Tek ELISA System and Rapiblot E. coli O157. The 20 participating laboratories attempted to detect E. coli O157:H7 in 25 g chilled and frozen samples of ground beef uninoculated and inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 at levels of 138.9 and 23.9 cfu/25 g, and in 25 g chilled and frozen samples of radish sprouts uninoculated and inoculated at levels of 20.4 and 1.7 cfu/25 g. E. coli O157:H7 was recovered well from ground beef by all of the methods except direct plating with SMAC. For radish sprouts, the IMS-plating methods with CT-SMAC, BCM O157 and CHROMagar O157 were most efficient at detecting E. coli O157:H7 in more than 90% of the chilled samples inoculated at the level of 20.4 cfu/25 g. All the methods were less sensitive when applied to similar levels of E. coli O157:H7 in radish sprouts (20.4 cfu/25 g) compared with ground beef (23.9 cfu/25 g) especially if the sprouts were frozen. The sensitivity of the immuno-kits appeared to be similar to the IMS-plating methods, but the specificity was lower. Based on the results, we recommend the IMS-plating method using CT-SMAC and agars containing beta-glucuronidase substrate in combination with static enrichment incubation in mEC + n at 42 degrees C.     

流式分析技术快速定量检测牛乳中大肠杆菌O157:H7

建立一种基于流式分析技术的快速定量检测牛乳中大肠杆菌O157:H7的方法。用偶联有异硫氰酸荧光素的大肠杆菌O157单克隆抗体对大肠杆菌O157:H7进行特异性标记,通过优化抗体反应条件,建立流式检测方法,然后对磷酸盐缓冲溶液（phosphate buffer saline,PBS）和人工污染牛乳样品中不同浓度的大肠杆菌O157:H7进行定量检测。本研究建立的流式检测方法的在PBS中的检测范围为2.57×103～1.12×108?CFU/mL,灵敏度达到2.57×103?CFU/mL。将所建立的流式检测方法应用于牛乳样品检测,当人工污染牛乳样品中大肠杆菌O157:H7的浓度在2.31×104～1.48×108?CFU/mL之间时,流式检测方法与平板计数方法检测结果基本一致,方法的灵敏度为2.31×104?CFU/mL,检测时间为35?min。该方法能快速、定量地检测出牛乳样品中的大肠杆菌O157:H7,在食源性致病菌的快速筛查和监控中具有重要的应用价值。     

Inhibitory effects of microencapsulated allyl isothiocyanate (AIT) against Escherichia coli O157:H7 in refrigerated, nitrogen packed, finely chopped beef

Allyl isothiocyanate (AIT) is an effective inhibitor of various pathogens, but its use in the food industry is limited by its volatility and pungency. The objective of this study was to overcome the volatility of AIT by microencapsulation and evaluate its antimicrobial effectiveness against Escherichia coli O157:H7 in chopped beef. Chopped beef was aseptically prepared and inoculated with a five-strain cocktail of E. coli O157:H7 to yield 4 or 8 log10 cfu/g. AIT was microencapsulated in gum acacia to yield 3.7-54.8 mg AIT/g at a ratio of 1:4 and freeze dried. Microcapsules at 5% or 10% (w/w) were then added to experimental samples that were packed under nitrogen, and stored at 4 degrees C for 18 days. Samples were analyzed for numbers of E. coli O157:H7 and the aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAC) at 3-day intervals. AIT at 4980 ppm eliminated both low and high levels of inoculated E. coli O157:H7 after 15 and 18 days of storage, respectively. AIT at 2828 ppm reduced E. coli by 2.7 log10 cfu/g by 18 days of storage. AIT levels <1000 ppm were not more effective in reducing E. coli survival than the control treatment without AIT addition. AIT at 170-1480 ppm had negligible effects on the TAC, and while 4980 ppm kept TAC levels 相似文献