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1.
几种药剂对烟草漂浮苗干根中烟草花叶病毒的失活效果   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了提出烟草漂浮育苗旧苗盘残留物中烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV)的消毒方法,采用接种枯斑寄主和接种普通烟K326方法,测定了几种药剂对病苗干根中TMV的失活效果。结果表明,98%磷酸三钠25 g/L和50 g/L溶液浸湿后塑料膜覆盖2-3 d可使病苗干根中的TMV彻底失活,40%育宝6.7 g/L溶液浸湿后塑料膜覆盖3-4 d对病苗干根中TMV失活效果高,推荐这两种药剂用于旧苗盘TMV消毒。下列消毒溶液处理对病苗干根中TMV不能完全失活:美国消毒剂20 g/L溶液浸湿后塑料膜覆盖5 d、2%二氧化氯10 g/L溶液、7%有效氯次氯酸钠10 g/L溶液、高锰酸钾3.3 g/L溶液和30%有效氯漂白粉50 g/L溶液浸湿后塑料膜覆盖7 d。上述药剂消毒旧苗盘TMV的浓度和处理方法需要进一步试验。抗病毒剂2%菌克毒克1.7 g/L溶液、3.95%病毒必克2.0 g/L溶液、24%毒消1.7 g/L溶液都不适宜于旧苗盘TMV浸泡法消毒。与药剂浸湿后塑料膜覆盖方法相比,药剂浸泡法的可操作性差。三抗体夹心法和TMV试纸条检测结果表明,上述药剂浸泡30-120 min和浸湿后塑料膜覆盖8 h-7 d后,不能有效破坏干病根样品中TMV抗原。  相似文献   

2.
应用点免疫结合法和组织印迹法检测烟草组织中的TMV和CMV   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
报道了应用酶联免疫测定法中的点免疫结合法 (Dot immunoblots ,Dot ELISA)和组织印迹法(Tissueblots ELISA)检测烟草组织中烟草花叶病毒 (TMV)和黄瓜花叶病毒 (CMV)的方法及效果。Dot ELISA检测提纯TMV ,兔抗TMV血清稀释 10 0 0倍 ,最低检出率可达 1.2 5ng/ml;检测TMV病叶汁液 ,最低检出稀释度为 1∶2 560。检测CMV病叶汁液 ,兔抗CMV血清稀释 50 0倍 ,最低检出稀释度为 1∶2 560。Dot ELISA检测低稀释度健康烟叶粗汁液时存在假阳性 ,提高稀释度可消除假阳性。应用Dot ELISA ,选择反应强度高、健康烟叶粗汁液无假阳性的抗血清稀释 10 0 0倍 (TMV)、50 0倍 (CMV) ,样品粗汁液稀释30 0倍 ,以及应用组织印迹法对采自云南曲靖市的花叶样品进行了TMV和CMV检测 ,并与电镜负染法的检测结果验证。表明两种方法都可以用来检测烟叶样品。组织印迹法比Dot ELISA法的操作简单 ,灵敏度高 ,适宜大量样品的常规检测  相似文献   

3.
福建省烟草病毒病种类的检测与防治   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
为了查清福建省烟草病毒病种类情况和筛选防效较好的药剂,于2001~2002年用4%"博联生物菌素"400倍液、3%"Messenger"1%~2%溶液、22%"金叶宝"400倍液、3.95%"病毒必克"500倍液、5%"反病毒"500倍液(喷清水为对照)进行了药剂小区防治试验,用4%"博联生物菌素"400倍液进行了小面积防治示范,采用ELISA法检测了109个烟草样品,并对该省3个主要烟区烟草病毒病的发生情况进行了普查.结果表明①检出感染TMV的样品104个,检出率95.4%;CMV样品35个,检出率32.1%PVY样品9个,检出率8.3%;TEV样品6个,检出率5.5%;从侵染方式看,TMV单独侵染样品73个,占67.0%,CMV单独侵染2个,占1.8%,复合侵染34个,占31.2%;②品种感病性的表现为K326>云烟85>翠碧1号;③"博联生物菌素"、"病毒必克"、"金叶宝"、"Messenger"、"反病毒"小区试验防效分别为57.7%~73.0%,41.1%~60.2%、36.6%~44.4%、22.7%~54.2%、33.1%~38.4%;"博联生物菌素"小面积示范防效为67.5%~96.3%.  相似文献   

4.
为确定重庆烟区烟草叶片上出现黄化斑点、枯斑等症状的病原,进而制定出科学的综合防治措施,对采自重庆市涪陵和巫溪烟区与北碚试验田的18份烟叶样品进行了病毒种类检测与鉴定。根据病毒外壳蛋白基因序列设计了特异性引物,采用RT-PCR扩增及BLAST序列对比分析,结果表明:涪陵烟区烟叶上出现黄化斑点、枯斑等症状的样品中检测出烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV)和辣椒脉斑驳病毒(Chilli veinal mottle virus,ChiVMV),检出率分别为54.55%和100%;巫溪烟区样品中检测出TMV和马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y,PVY),检出率分别为100%和66.67%;北碚烟草试验田病叶样品中检测出ChiVMV,检出率为100%。其中,ChiVMV为重庆地区烟草上首次发现。   相似文献   

5.
水体中烟草花叶病毒的浓缩与检测方法   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
为了检验水体中TMV的浓缩和检测方法的效果,在含和不含土壤颗粒的水中加入感染烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco Mosaic Virus,TMV)病叶汁液,然后用低速离心法和带正电荷微孔滤膜吸附法浓缩,再用接种心叶烟、普通烟K326和间接酶联法检测浓缩物中TMV存在与否。含土壤颗粒的样品的离心法浓缩物用接种心叶烟检测,同一个稀释度离心浓缩比不处理对照的枯斑数明显要多。说明离心法有一定的浓缩效果。接种K326检测法、离心浓缩法、上清液和不处理(对照)的最低检出稀释度接近,说明离心浓缩方法的回收效果较差。用酶标板间接ELISA检测,离心处理的最低检出稀释度低于离心上清液和不处理对照。推测可能原因是土壤滤出液降低酶标板吸附TMV的效率。含和不含土壤颗粒的样品吸附法浓缩物用接种心叶烟检测,同一个稀释度吸附浓缩比不处理对照的枯斑数明显要多,吸附浓缩的最低检出稀释度比不处理对照高3个稀释度,说明吸附法有一定的浓缩效果。用接种K326检测,吸附浓缩的最低检出稀释度为1:2500倍(土壤滤出液+病叶汁液)和1:5000倍(自来水+病叶汁液)。吸附滤出液检不出TMV。用酶标板间接ELISA检测,吸附处理比吸附滤出液的最低检出稀释度高5~6个梯度、比不处理对照高4个稀释度,同样说明吸附法有较好的浓缩效果和回收效果。吸附法可用于水体病毒浓缩。  相似文献   

6.
几种药剂防治烟草青枯病的药效评价   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为验证抗生素对烟草青枯病的防治效果,采用纸碟法测定了14种药剂对青枯菌的抑菌活性,水培法测定了5种药剂的内吸防病能力,田间小区试验法测定了9种药剂的田间药效.结果表明,硫酸链霉素,98%金霉素和90%链?土霉素的200单位抑菌活性较强,抑菌圈直径均值16 mm;99%醋酸铜和99%硫酸铜的1000倍液较弱,均值为6.7 mm.98%金霉素和90%链?土霉素的200单位溶液里烟草根吸收预防叶片剪口侵染的青枯病效果分别达100%和97.2%,且有一定的田间防治效果,但9种药剂之间无显著差异.短时间内(10 d)链?铜复配II(硫酸链霉素200单位+53.8%氢氧化铜1000倍液),防效可达100%,随着时间的推移(30 d后),防效消失.但在增施有机质的基础上,配合施用Cu2+或Ca2+,可以提高链霉素的药效.  相似文献   

7.
烟草无菌苗培养前的种子消毒技术研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
不同消毒处理对烟草种子消毒效果的影响研究表明,在种子消毒之前,经无菌水浸泡24 h(预处理)的比不浸泡的消毒效果好;在10%H2O2、2%有效氯次氯酸钠溶液、1‰升汞3种杀菌剂中,10%H2O2消毒效果最好,种子带菌率为0%,用75%乙醇预处理可降低种子带菌率;3种消毒剂中以10%H2O2处理烟草种子发芽率最高。  相似文献   

8.
苗盘上残存消毒剂对种子出苗及烟苗生长的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了指导烟草漂浮育苗中旧苗盘的消毒,进行了旧苗盘消毒后残存消毒剂对种子出苗和烟苗生长的影响试验.结果表明:旧苗盘喷洒消毒剂,用塑料膜密封保持24 h后,不清洗装填基质播种,不同消毒剂处理对烟苗长势、化学成分和池水化学成分的影响差异较大;消毒剂处理对包衣种子的出苗率无明显影响.98%磷酸三钠50 g/L、98%高锰酸钾3.3 g/L、0.6%茵毒净5.6 mL/L、育宝(40%N-羟乙基亚甲胺多聚物水剂)6.7 mL/L和2%二氧化氯水剂10 g/L消毒旧苗盘,可不清洗直接用于播种;次氯酸钠(7%有效氯)10 mL/L、美国消毒剂20 mL/L、10%二氧化氯粉剂2 g/L和漂白粉(30%有效氯)50 g/L消毒旧苗盘,需要清洗后才能用于播种,否则可能抑制烟苗生长.  相似文献   

9.
水窖水与大田烟草病毒病的关系   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
为查清水窖水体是否带有烟草病毒及水窖水带病毒与烟草病毒病的关系,研究了田边水窖水样和用其水在烤烟返苗期和现蕾期灌溉烟田后烟株发病情况及其病叶样品的病毒种类.结果表明水窖水带TMV;现蕾期烟株发病率为1.8%~16.8%,平均发病率为8.6%;病叶的TMV、CMV检出率分别为45.8%和27.8%,PVY和TEV检出率为27.8%.  相似文献   

10.
拮抗菌AM6代谢产物防治烟草赤星病试验   总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9  
为开发更多的生物农药,进行了球孢链霉菌AM6代谢拮抗物质防治烟草赤星病试验。采用不同的施用浓度、不同的施用次数在自然发病条件下进行田间小区防效试验。结果表明,含有AM6拮抗物质的制剂喷雾烟草叶片对烟草赤星病有较好防治效果。其防效随制剂中拮抗物质含量的增加而提高,以100倍液施用2次防效较好,田间防效为80.3%;400倍液施用1次、2次和3次的防效分别为46.9%、64 9%和69.3%。含有AM6拮抗物质的制剂对烟草无明显药害。  相似文献   

11.
Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.  相似文献   

12.
An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.  相似文献   

13.
The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.  相似文献   

14.
The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.  相似文献   

15.
A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.  相似文献   

16.
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) and polarized light microscopy (PLM) were utilized in the detection of the adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum. For CE analyses, standards of locust bean and guar gums were extracted with 30% CH3CN, removing the residual proteins from the gum matrix. A 8.75 mM NaH2PO4-20.6 mM Na2B4O7 buffer, pH 9, was used to separate these proteins and to identify marker proteins that were present in the guar gum. These markers did not co-migrate with components in the extracts of mechanically processed locust bean gum, and are used as indicators of adulteration. Using PLM with toluidine blue and iodine staining techniques, unadulterated locust bean gum samples were distinguished from mixed samples through the differential staining of components in locust bean versus guar and tara gums. These experiments in the use of CE and PLM provide orthogonal and complementary methods for the verification of 'true' positives and the elimination of 'false' positives.  相似文献   

17.
18.
BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H2O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.  相似文献   

19.
An investigation is described in which various polyfunctional compounds were applied to wool in attempts to stabilize the temporary improvements in wrinkle-recovery brought about by ‘annealing’. Several reactive systems involving formaldehyde were found to produce the desired permanently improved wrinkle-recovery.  相似文献   

20.
The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.  相似文献   

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