苦杏仁精油对玉米象的驱避活性研究

采用饲料混药法研究了含HCN和除去HCN两种苦杏仁精油对玉米象的驱避活性,结果显示苦杏仁精油对玉米象的驱避活性随着处理时间的延长而降低,两种苦杏仁精油在24 h内对玉米象的驱避率达到了Ⅴ级,但是随着时间的延长,对玉米象的驱避率效果下降至Ⅰ级。玉米象的死亡率随着处理时间的增加而逐渐增大,最终达到了100%的死亡率。另外,含HCN和除去HCN的苦杏仁精油对玉米象的驱避活性研究结果表明含HCN的苦杏仁精油的活性显著高于除去HCN的苦杏仁精油。     

石菖蒲粉、提取物及复配剂对玉米象的防治效果

用石菖蒲粉、提取物、提取物与凯安保混配剂进行拌粮，研究对玉米象的防效。试验结果表明：石菖蒲粉以8000mg／kg浓度处理稻谷，玉米象成虫的校正死亡率为39．67％，对F1代的种群抑制率为94．72％；石菖蒲4种溶剂提取物对玉米象成虫及F1代均具有很明显的控制作用，其中以石油醚提取物的效果最明显，250rag／kg处理浓度下，玉米象成虫的校正死亡率为95．40％，对F1代的种群抑制率为100．00％；石菖蒲4种溶剂提取物与凯安保的混配中，3种处理浓度中玉米象成虫的校正死亡率及F1代的种群抑制率均为100．00％，最佳浓度为提取物125mg／kg＋2．5％凯安保乳油0．125mg／kg，化学防护剂可减少3／4用量。     

石菖蒲根茎甲醇提取物对玉米象和赤拟谷盗的生物活性

采用甲醇冷浸法和溶剂萃取法,研究了石菖蒲根茎提取物对玉米象和赤拟谷盗的触杀、熏蒸、忌避、种群抑制活性和防治效果。结果表明:石菖蒲甲醇提取物以石油醚萃取物的生物活性最强;石油醚萃取物对玉米象具有较好的触杀、忌避、种群抑制活性和防治效果,药膜法处理72h后对玉米象的LC50和LC95分别为38.54μg/cm2和160.70μg/cm2,滤纸药膜法39.30μg/cm2处理24h后的忌避率为83.83%,饲料拌药法1 000mg/kg处理后对玉米象的种群抑制率、防效与10mg/kg马拉硫磷处理效果差异均不显著;石油醚萃取物对赤拟谷盗具有很高的忌避活性,滤纸药膜法39.30μg/cm2处理72h后对其忌避率为91.17%。     

5种植物精油对玉米象的杀虫活性研究

旨在筛选新型安全、环保的植物源杀虫剂,研究了5种植物精油不同浓度及处理时间对玉米象熏蒸活性的效果,并分析了罗勒精油主要成分对玉米象的熏蒸活性。研究表明,精油浓度为0.0500μL/cm³、处理时间为24、48、72、96h时,薄荷精油对玉米象熏蒸的校正死亡率分别为87.50%、95.00%、100%、100%,罗勒精油对玉米象熏蒸的校正死亡率分别为45.00%、 88.33%、100%、100%。薄荷精油熏蒸玉米象24、48、72h的半数致死中量分别为0.021、0.010、0.006 μL/cm³,罗勒精油的24、48、72 h的半数致死中量分别为0.072、0.011、0.005μL/cm³。气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析出薄荷精油和罗勒精油的主要成分分别是薄荷醇(21.17%)和柠檬烯(12.59%)、丁香酚(38.55%)和肉豆蔻酸异丙酯(29.43%)。丁香酚熏蒸浓度为0.0833μL/cm³,处理时间为96h时,玉米象校正死亡率为100%。本研究表明薄荷精油和罗勒精油对储粮害虫玉米象具有较强的熏蒸效果,为研制新型植物源杀虫剂提供参考。     

微生物杀虫剂甲维盐对玉米象成虫的防治效果研究

采用滤纸药膜法和拌粮法,分别测试微生物杀虫剂甲维盐对玉米象成虫的触杀作用和种群抑制作用。实验结果表明,甲维盐对玉米象成虫具有一定的触杀作用和很强的种群抑制作用。其触杀作用随着时间延长和浓度增加而显著增强,经16μg/cm2浓度处理72 h后,校正死亡率为40.0%;其子代种群抑制作用效果大于当代种群抑制作用,16 mg/kg甲维盐对玉米象当代种群抑制率为95%,4 mg/kg甲维盐对玉米象子代种群抑制率为100%。为微生物杀虫剂甲维盐在储粮害虫生物防治方面的合理应用提供了基本依据。     

臭椿树皮提取物对玉米象和杂拟谷盗成虫的控制作用

采用索氏提取法,利用无水乙醚作为有机溶剂提取臭椿树皮提取物,并研究其在一定浓度下对重要储粮害虫玉米象和杂拟谷盗的驱避、触杀、熏蒸和种群抑制作用.结果表明,臭椿树皮提取物对玉米象成虫的驱避作用强于对杂拟谷盗成虫的驱避作用,且随着处理时间增加驱避作用均显著下降.臭椿树皮提取物对玉米象和杂拟谷盗成虫具有较强的触杀作用和熏蒸作用,在1.5μL/cm2的处理浓度下处理72 h后触杀作用校正死亡率分别达到80.6%和88.9%,熏蒸作用校正死亡率分别为83.2%和96.8%.臭椿树皮提取物对玉米象和杂拟谷盗具有较强的种群抑制作用,对二者的当代种群抑制率均达到100%,对二者的子代种群抑制率分别达到96.2%和100%.     

微波防治大米中玉米象虫卵的效果研究

通过正交微波杀虫试验,研究大米水分、微波处理温度和处理功率3个因素对大米害虫玉米象子代种群抑制率的影响情况。结果表明,温度是影响微波防治大米中玉米象虫卵的主要因素,在水分14%、功率200 W、温度(59±1)℃的微波处理条件下,玉米象子代种群抑制率达100%。研究结果为科学利用微波防治大米加工储藏过程中的害虫提供技术支撑。     

生物药剂乙基多杀菌素对玉米象的毒杀作用

室内测定新型生物杀虫剂乙基多杀菌素(spinetram)对主要储粮害虫玉米象成虫的控制作用。结果表明,乙基多杀菌素对玉米象成虫具有很强的触杀作用和种群抑制作用。当浓度为16μg/cm2,作用时间48 h时,乙基多杀菌素对玉米象成虫的校正死亡率达97.8%;当处理剂量为1 mg/kg时,乙基多杀菌素对玉米象成虫当代和子代种群抑制率均达100%。乙基多杀菌素对玉米象成虫没有驱避作用。     

99种植物提取物对玉米象的生物活性测定

为发现新的植物源储粮害虫防控剂,以玉米象(Sitophilus zeamais)为试虫,采用饲料混药法,对50科99种植物样品进行了室内活性筛选.结果表明,在0.013 g DW/g小麦的剂量处理下,百部(Stemona sessilifolia)等24种植物提取物表现出较好的毒杀活性和种群抑制作用,15 d的死亡率或64d的种群抑制率高于80％,其中栓翅卫矛(Euonymus phellomanus)、使君子(Quisqualis indica)、射干(Belamcanda chinensis)和黄芩(Scutellaria baicalensis)的种群抑制率均高达100％;天名精(Carpesium abrotanoides)、百部、狼毒、使君子和栓翅卫矛等5种植物提取物对玉米象还具有一定的触杀作用.测定结果初步表明,天名精、使君子、百部、狼毒、射干、黄芩和栓翅卫矛等7种植物有进一步研究价值.     

孜然精油对三种储粮害虫控制作用

储粮害虫是影响储粮安全的重要因素。本研究采用水蒸馏法提取的孜然精油处理玉米象(Sitophilus zeamais),谷蠹(Rhizopertha dominica)和长角扁谷盗(Cryptolestes pusillus)三种储粮害虫,测定了孜然精油的趋避,熏蒸及触杀活性,确定了熏蒸活性的半致死浓度LC_(50)和半致死时间LT_(50)。结果表明,孜然精油对三种储粮害虫均具有良好的控制效果,但三种控制作用随昆虫种类的不同存在差异,C.pusillus对趋避和熏蒸作用最敏感,明显高于其他两种试虫,但在触杀实验中R.dominica对孜然精油表现最敏感。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.