超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定酒和功能饮料中3种西地那非衍生物的含量

目的建立超高效液相色谱串联质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography tandemmass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)测定酒和功能饮料中3种西地那非衍生物(N-去甲基西地那非、吡唑N-去甲基西地那非、异丁基西地那非)含量的分析方法。方法采用Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 (3.0 mm×150 mm, 1.8μm)反相色谱柱,0.1%甲酸水和0.1%甲酸乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱,采用多反应监测(multiplereaction monitoring,MRM)检测。结果在50～500 ng/mL的浓度范围内, N-去甲基西地那非、吡唑N-去甲基西地那非、异丁基西地那非均表现出良好的线性关系,本方法中3种化合物的检出限(limit of detection, LOD)均为15 ng/mL,定量限(limit of quantitation, LOQ)均为50 ng/mL。结论该方法操作简便,结果可靠,灵敏度高,可用于酒和功能饮料中N-去甲基西地那非、吡唑N-去甲基西地那非、异丁基西地那非含量的快速测定。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食品、保健食品中一种新型他达拉非衍生物

目的 建立高效液相色谱－串联质谱法测定食品、保健食品中一种新型的非法添加物3-羟基丙基去甲他达拉非的分析方法。方法 样品采用甲醇超声提取,以Agilent Eclipse Plμs C18(2.1×100 mm, 1.8 μm) 色谱柱分离待测物,以0.1%甲酸溶液-甲醇为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速为0.4 mL/min；在电喷雾正离子化模式下,采用多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,标准曲线进行外标法定量。结果 3-羟基丙基去甲他达拉非在2-50 ug/mL 范围内线性良好,相关系数R2≥0.999,方法检出限和定量限分别为50 ug/kg和100 ug/kg, 回收率为74.58%~117.97%, RSD≤5.0%。结论 该方法简单、准确、高效、专属性强,适用于食品和保健食品中非法添加3-羟基丙基去甲他达拉非的定性和定量检测。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定调味料中吗啡、可待因、蒂巴因、那可丁和罂粟碱残留量

目的：建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定调味料中吗啡、可待因、蒂巴因、那可丁和罂粟碱残留量的分析方法。方法：样品用水分散、乙腈超声提取，经盐析、低温高速离心分层后，样液于40℃水浴氮吹近干，用10%乙腈溶液(含0.1%甲酸)溶解残渣，再经低温高速离心、过膜上机测定；以Kinetex^? 2.6μm Biphenyl 100?色谱柱(100 mm×3.0 mm)分离，0.1%甲酸-水和0.1%甲酸-甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱，电喷雾电离(ESI),正离子模式，多反应监测(MRM)下检测，吗啡、可待因用内标法定量，蒂巴因、那可丁、罂粟碱用外标法定量。结果：吗啡、可待因在0.5～20.0 ng/mL,蒂巴因在0.10～4.0 ng/mL,那可丁、罂粟碱在0.05～2.0 ng/mL范围内均有良好的线性关系，相关系数r均大于0.998。吗啡、可待因的方法检出限为1.0μg/kg,蒂巴因的方法检出限为0.2μg/kg,那可丁、罂粟碱的方法检出限为0.1μg/kg。5种生物碱的加标回收率在75.2%～117.3%之间，相对标准偏差均小于15%。结论：该方法操作简单，具有较高的灵敏...     

液相色谱-质谱联用技术测定食品中罂粟碱残留

建立食品中罂粟碱残留的高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱联用测定方法.该方法用50%乙腈水溶液(含0.1%甲酸)提取样品,以ZORBAX Aq-C18柱(2.1×150mm,5μm)分离,流动相为乙腈和0.1%甲酸水溶液(梯度洗脱),电喷雾正离子MRM模式检测.该方法的检出限0.01 ng/mL,方法定量下限0.1μg/kg,线性范围0.01ng/mL～20.0ng/mL,加标回收率93.9%～101.2%,相对标准偏差为2.44%.     

超高效液相色谱法测定酒精饮料中非法添加抗疲劳药物他达拉非及2种类似物

目的建立超高效液相色谱法测定酒饮料中他达拉非和2种类似物的分析方法。方法采用Agillent Zorbax SB-C18(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.8μm)色谱柱,二极管阵列检测器,检测波长为290 nm,流速为0.3 mL/min,流动相A为0.1%乙酸铵溶液(pH=3.4),流动相B为乙腈,按梯度进行洗脱。结果氨基他达拉非、去甲基他达拉非、他达拉非分别在0.6~120、0.493~98.6、0.56~112 mg/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,检出限分别是0.06、0.06、0.05 ng,方法精密度分别为0.92%、1.1%、0.68%(n=6),平均回收率分别为101.8%、101.8%、101.7%,RSD分别为1.51%、0.87%、0.64%(n=6)。结论该方法前处理简单、分析时间短、灵敏度高、重现性好,可用于抗疲劳类化学药物在酒精饮料中非法添加的检测。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定保健食品中非法添加的18种镇静催眠类药物

目的建立液相色谱-串联质谱法(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS)测定保健食品中非法添加的18种镇静催眠类药物的分析方法。方法样品经甲醇超声提取,采用C18(2.1mm×50 mm, 1.8μm)色谱柱, 0.1%甲酸水溶液-甲醇为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速0.3 mL/min;质谱检测器为ESI源(正离子)多反应监测模式进行定性、定量检测。结果 18种被测组分在5～100 ng/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999。5、20、50ng/mL3种添加浓度的平均回收率在77.6%～98.5%之间,相对标准偏差为1.1%～5.5%。方法学检出限均低于0.2μg/g。结论该方法专属性强、灵敏度高、操作简便、测定快速,可用于保健食品中非法添加的18种镇静催眠类药物的质量监控。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食品中顺式四氢咔啉和环己基去甲他达拉非

目的 建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS）测定食品及保健食品中非法添加两种新型他达拉非非法添加物含量的分析方法。方法 样品以甲醇为溶剂超声提取,经Atlantis? T3色谱柱（150 mm×2.1 mm,3μm）分离,以0.1%（V/V）甲酸水溶液-甲醇作为流动相,进行梯度洗脱。在电喷雾正离子模式下,采用多反应监测（Multiple reaction monitoring, MRM）模式,基质匹配曲线外标法定量。结果 顺式四氢咔啉、环己基去甲他达拉非在1~50 ng/mL范围内与峰面积均成良好的线性,相关系数（r）均在0.999以上。顺式四氢咔啉检和环己基去甲他达拉非的检出限均＜1μg/kg,定量限均＜10μg/kg,在饼干等4种基质中1、2、10 ng/mL 3个水平下加标回收率为60%～120%,相对标准偏差均未超过10%（n=6）。结论 该方法准确、可靠,可满足食品及保健食品中顺式四氢咔啉、环己基去甲他达拉非的定量分析。     

HPLC-MS/MS法测定酸枣汁中VC含量

建立HPLC-MS/MS法检测酸枣汁中维生素C的含量。该方法应用超声提取和Agilent G6410B Triple Quad LC/MS检测。Waters YMCTMODS-AQ S-5 120A(2.0×100 mm)分析柱,流动相为甲醇-水(0.1%甲酸)=50∶50;流速0.3 mL/min;柱温30℃,进样量为20μL。以液相色谱分离、电喷雾离子化串联质谱进行检测。VC在50 ng/mL~800 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,酸枣汁中VC平均加标回收率为98.61%。该方法快速简便、精密度好、灵敏度高,可用于酸枣汁中VC的含量测定。     

超高效液相色谱–串联质谱法测定食用植物油中添加的乙基麦芽酚

采用液相色谱–串联质谱法测定食用植物油专项抽检样品中乙基麦芽酚的含量,了解乙基麦芽酚的非法添加情况。该方法采用色谱柱为ZORBAX SB-C18柱(2.0×100 mm, 1.8μm);以0.1%甲酸水溶液–乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱;流速为0.2 mL/min,柱温40℃。结果表明,乙基麦芽酚在10～100 ng/mL浓度范围内有较好的线性关系,相关系数R²为0.999 8,加标回收率平均为99.9%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.31%。通过液相色谱–串联质谱法测定83批食用植物油中的乙基麦芽酚,一批花生油中检测出乙基麦芽酚含量为36.4μg/kg。该方法可用于食用植物油的质量控制,也可为食用植物油的监管提供科学参考。     

高效液相色谱-质谱联用测定婴幼儿配方食品中叶酸的含量

建立了婴幼儿配方食品中叶酸含量的高效液相色谱-质谱联用测定方法。采用C18色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm)进行分离,以5 mmol/L乙酸铵(含0.1%甲酸)溶液-甲醇为流动相梯度洗脱,柱温25℃,流速1.0 mL/min,进样量20μL,柱后分流比为1∶3,质谱采用多离子反应监测(MRM)方式进行检测,正离子模式,定量离子为m/z442.0→295.2。叶酸在0.001~2.500μg/mL的范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9989),该方法相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.6%~6.0%,回收率为83.9%~104.0%,检出限(S/N=3)和定量限(S/N=10)分别为1.0 ng/mL、3.3 ng/mL。该方法操作简便、灵敏度高、重复性好,可用于婴幼儿配方食品中叶酸的测定。     

Probiotics and prebiotics--perspectives and challenges

Owing to their health benefits, probiotics and prebiotics are nowadays widely used in yogurts and fermented milks, which are leader products of functional foods worldwide. The world market for functional foods has grown rapidly in the last three decades, with an estimated size in 2003 of ca US$ 33 billion, while the European market estimation exceeded US$ 2 billion in the same year. However, the production of probiotics and prebiotics at industrial scale faces several challenges, including the search for economical and abundant raw materials for prebiotic production, the low-cost production of probiotics and the improvement of probiotic viability after storage or during the manufacturing process of the functional food. In this review, functional foods based on probiotics and prebiotics are introduced as a key biotechnological field with tremendous potential for innovation. A concise state of the art addressing the fundamentals and challenges for the development of new probiotic- and prebiotic-based foods is presented, the niches for future research being clearly identified and discussed.     

常用消毒灭菌法及其机理与应用

介绍了采用消毒灭菌方法,有加热消毒法,紫外线辐射法和化学药剂消毒法。常用化学药剂有醛类、含氯消毒剂、醇类消毒剂以及高锰酸钾、生石灰等,阐释了消毒与灭菌两个概念的区别。     

益生素、益生菌与结肠癌

介绍了益生素和益生菌及其作用机理。在动物模型中，有大量的数据证实益生素和益生菌能够预防癌症．而在人体内还没有直接实验证据。它们抑制癌症的确切机理目前尚不清楚，其抑制机理可能是：肠道菌群代谢活动的改变，肠道理化环境的改变，潜在的致癌物质的黏附和降解，肠道菌群的改变、抗癌或抗诱变物质的形成、提高宿主的免疫应答、影响宿主的生理活动以及发酵不能被消化的食物并形成有益代谢产物。     

European citizen and consumer attitudes and preferences regarding beef and pork

This paper presents the combined mid-term findings of the consumer research components of two EU Sixth Framework Programme integrated projects concerning meat, ProSafeBeef and Q-PorkChains. The consumer pillar of ProSafeBeef carried out eight focus group discussions in May 2008, in France, Germany, Spain and the UK. Q-PorkChains conducted a large-scale, web-based, consumer survey in January 2008 in Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Greece and Poland. The first project provides a set of qualitative data from a small cohort of focus groups and the second a set of quantitative data from a larger consumer sample. This paper draws together the main findings of both projects and provides a comprehensive overview of European citizens’ and consumers’ attitudes towards and preferences regarding beef and pork. In general, consumers consider meat to be a healthy and important component of the diet. Consumers support the development of technologies that can improve the health attributes of meat products and guarantee eating quality, but they have a negative view of what they see to be excessive manipulation and lack of naturalness in the production and processing of beef products. In the Q-PorkChains study consumer and citizen segments are identified and profiled. Consumer segments were built upon the frequency and variety of pork consumption. The citizen segments were built upon their attitudes towards pig production systems. Overall, the relationship between individuals’ views as citizens and their behaviour as consumers was found to be quite weak and did not appear to greatly or systematically influence meat-buying habits. Future studies in both projects will concentrate on consumers’ acceptance of innovative meat product concepts and products, with the aim of boosting consumer trust and invigorating the European beef and pork industries.     

节能节水型印染助剂和设备的现状

从节能、节水、缩短工艺流程和环保的角度出发，介绍了国内外研制开发的一系列新型节能、节水型印染助剂和染整设备。     

Heritability and correlations for body condition score and dairy form within and across lactation and age

The objectives of the current study were to investigate the relationship between body condition score (BCS) and dairy form and changes in genetic parameters for BCS and dairy form within and across lactations and age. Body condition score and dairy form were obtained from the Holstein Association USA, Inc. Records were edited to include those cows classified between 24 and 60 mo of age and between 0 and 335 d in milk (DIM). A minimum of 20 daughters per sire and 15 cows per herd-classification visit were required. The dataset consisted of 135,178 records from 119,215 cows. Repeatability, multiple trait, and random regression models were used to analyze the data. All models included fixed effects for herd-classification visit, age within lactations 1, 2, and 3 or higher, and 5th-order polynomials for DIM. Random effects included sire and permanent environment for all models. Random regression models included age at classification nested within sire or DIM and lactation number nested within sire. Genetic variance for both BCS and dairy form was lowest in early lactation and highest in midlactation. Genetic correlations within and across lactations were high. The genetic correlation between DIM 0 in lactation 1 and DIM 305 in lactation 3 was estimated to be 0.77 for BCS and 0.60 for dairy form. The genetic correlation estimate between 30 mo of age at classification and 50 mo of age at classification was 0.94 for both dairy form and BCS. The repeatability models appeared to generate accurate evaluations for BCS or dairy form at all ages and stages of lactation.     

组学技术与果蔬采后质量和安全控制

果蔬可以提供营养, 有利于人类健康, 而果蔬的后熟及其与环境的相互作用会影响果蔬采后的质量和安全。对果蔬生物学过程的了解和掌握是减少果蔬采后损失和保障果蔬采后质量和安全的关键。在过去的10多年, 基于组学技术的系统生物学在了解果蔬后熟及其与环境相互作用的分子机制方面得到了越来越多的应用。本文对此做了细致的总结, 指出了存在的不足, 并提出了未来的发展方向。     

原花色素及其开发应用

对原花色素的结构、化学特性、制备、分析方法、应用前景作一综述,并重点讨论其生理功能,为在功能性食品、药物、化妆品等领域的深入研究和开发提供参考。     

毛霉型低盐速成豆豉工业化生产工艺与设备

本文介绍了毛霉型低盐速成豆豉的工业化生产工艺及生产线的关键设备。     

Dioxins and PCBs in ostrich meat and eggs: levels and implications

ABSTRACT

Although consumption of eggs is an essential part of our diet, limited information is available for table eggs other than those laid by hens. The aim of our study was to determine concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), dioxin-like (DL-) and non-dioxin-like (NDL) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in ostrich eggs and meat available on the Polish market, in order to obtain baseline information on the current status of these pollutants in comparison to poultry products. Obtained data were compared with the binding EU limits set for chicken eggs and meat. The levels of individual PCDD/Fs and PCBs congeners varied considerably. The percentage share of total WHO toxic equivalency factor (WHO-TEQ) content indicates the dominant role of PCDD/Fs. High concentrations of PCDD/F and DL-PCBs, in the range of 0.85–74.48 pg WHO-TEQ g^?1 fat, were found in ostrich eggs; this exceeds the maximum level permitted for chicken eggs by a factor of up to 15. Eight of the 11 egg samples exceeded the action level for hen eggs. Although the ostrich meat concentrations of PCDD/Fs do not exceed the limit established for poultry muscle (1.75 pg g^?1 fat), average contents of PCDD/Fs exceeded almost four times the levels in chicken and turkey muscle. Human exposure was evaluated and the resulting risk was characterised. Taking into account the low average consumption of ostrich eggs, the resulting exposure to dioxins for the general population can be considered as negligibly low. However, the individuals who frequently consume such eggs may be at risk of elevated exposure. Although ostrich products are not consumed frequently, such data are nevertheless useful for food safety purposes.