液相色谱-串联质谱法检测婴幼儿食品中 6种黄曲霉毒素

目的建立了液相色谱-串联质谱测定婴幼儿食品中6种黄曲霉毒素的方法。方法试样经乙腈超声提取,离心,MycosepTM226净化柱净化后液相色谱串联质谱仪直接测定,外标法定量。结果加标回收率范围为83.3%~100.6%,相对标准偏差(RSDs)在1.30%~6.64%。将本方法用于实际样品分析,60份婴幼儿食品中黄曲霉毒素B1检出2份,黄曲霉毒素G2检出1份,其余4种黄曲霉毒素均未检出。结论此方法简便快速,可用于婴幼儿食品中6种黄曲霉毒素的测定。     

食品中黄曲霉毒素B1污染研究进展

农作物（包括玉米、小麦等）在生长、收获和储存的过程中,容易受到产毒真菌及其代谢毒物（霉菌毒 素）的污染;其加工形成的粮、油等食品及被污染饲料饲养所得的畜产品进入食物链后,易引发人类急、慢性中 毒。黄曲霉毒素B1是众多霉菌毒素中较常见且毒性较高的一种,过量摄入具有致癌、致畸形、免疫抑制等毒性效 应。本文综合国内外研究进展,从食品中黄曲霉毒素B1污染发生的来源及影响因素、黄曲霉毒素B1的分子结构与毒 性、致病机理、限量标准、风险评估及防控等方面对食品中黄曲霉毒素B1污染展开综述。     

高效液相色谱法测定食品中的黄曲霉毒素B1

用甲醇-水(55:45)、三氯甲烷、苯-乙腈(98:2)等有机溶剂作为提取剂,用三氟乙酸作衍生剂,通过带荧光检测器的高效液相色谱仪测定食品中黄曲霉毒素B1的含量。结果表明,该方法的线性回归关系良好,方程为y=3.10x-0.63,相关系数r=0.9999。不同样品中黄曲霉毒素B1回收率为84.2%-86.9%,平均变异系数RSD=6.09%。在总共150份检测的玉米、大米和花生样品中,黄曲霉毒素B1总的检出率为82.0%,总的超标率仅为6%,但不同样品中黄曲霉毒素B1含量的变幅较大(0-485.34μg/kg)。     

干红辣椒中黄曲霉毒素B1的判定

在遵循实验测定原理，不影响测定结果的前提下，对样品的前处理，提取的过程、测定的方式进行适当的改变和调整，并利用黄曲霉毒素B1的特性进行确证，从而对干红辣椒中的黄曲霉毒素B1进行定性，定量分析，效果明显，结果满意。     

几种传统食品中黄曲霉毒素B1的检测与安全评价

采用酶联免疫法检测月饼、花生油、花生糖和豌豆酱等传统食品中的黄曲霉毒素B1（简称AFT B1）含量，分析AFT B1超标的原因及其安全性，结果表明：大部分传统食品中AFT B1在安全限量之内，少数几类产品存在安全隐患。     

食品和饲料中黄曲霉毒素概述

该文概述黄曲霉毒素的理化性质、毒性,对食品和饲料的污染及相应防止措施。     

黄曲霉毒素与食品污染

食品污染包括很多,黄曲霉毒素的污染是其中比较突出的一种。就黄曲霉毒素在中国食品的污染和监测情况,及有关黄曲霉毒素预防控制措施进行简要评述。     

紫玉米中黄曲霉毒素B1和富马毒素B1的脱毒研究

为脱除紫玉米中富马毒素B1(FB1)和黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1),分别采用紫外、超高压、微波和NaCl处理,利用高效液相色谱方法进行检测。结果表明：紫外和超高压处理对两种毒素含量无影响,微波处理12min能去除90%以上的毒素,而30%以上NaCl浸泡10min即可去除99%的毒素。结论：NaCl浸泡是一种简单经济的脱毒方法。     

茶叶中黄曲霉毒素B1的检测方法研究

目的针对茶叶中黄曲霉毒素B1的检测,对比胶体金免疫层析法、高效液相色谱、酶联免疫法的差异。方法以红茶、绿茶、花茶为基质,进行方法验证。并选取具有代表性的红茶、绿茶、乌龙茶、及花茶、萃取茶、药用保健茶分别用不同的方法检测。结果改良后的液相法和胶体金免疫层析法准确度和精密度较高,酶联免疫法存在假阳性。随机检测11种茶叶仅有一种检出黄曲霉毒素B1。     

婴儿配方乳粉中维生素B1、B2含量测定能力验证

目的设计组织婴儿配方乳粉中维生素B_1、维生素B_2含量测定能力验证项目,评价实验室检测婴儿配方乳粉中维生素B_1、维生素B_2的技术能力和水平。方法考核样品中的维生素B_1、维生素B_2在P0.05显著水平时是否均匀,且在整个计划周期内稳定,满足能力验证的要求。通过实施能力验证计划,对来自27个省(自治区)、直辖市的33家实验室的测定结果与指定值比对得到相对偏差,评价实验室检测能力。结果在参加实验室中,维生素B_1总体满意率为90.6%;维生素B_2总体满意率为84.8%。结论多数参加实验室检测能力结果满意,表明乳粉中维生素B_1、维生素B_2检测水平总体良好。对于离群结果进行技术分析,可以帮助实验室查找原因并进行整改。     

柱前衍生-高效液相色谱法检测食品中的黄曲霉毒素B_1、B_2、G_1、G_2

目的:改进柱前衍生-高效液相色谱法测定食品中的黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2。方法:分别用甲醇-水(8∶2,v∶v)或二氯甲烷提取食品中的黄曲霉毒素。提取液经免疫亲和柱净化后,采用三氟乙酸(或甲酸)进行衍生,并利用高效液相色谱仪进行测定。结果:黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2的检出限分别为0.2、0.2、0.2、0.2μg/kg;在低、中、高加标浓度下的回收率分别为81.0%~94.1%、75.6%~92.0%、75.0%~92.4%、77.6%~91.3%。结论:改进后的柱前衍生-高效液相色谱法克服了样品基质的干扰,测定结果更准确。     

化妆品乳液中防腐剂测定能力验证研究

目的设计组织化妆品乳液中防腐剂测定能力验证项目,了解全国化妆品检测机构防腐剂的测定能力,帮助提高实验室检测水平和质量控制能力。方法制备分割水平对样品,对各参加实验室乳液中对羟基苯甲酸甲酯和对羟基苯甲酸乙酯的测定结果进行统计分析,通过Z比分数评价实验室检测能力,并对离群数据进行技术分析。结果在P0.05的水平,样品均匀性符合要求且至少在3个月内保持稳定,满足能力验证计划要求。64个实验室参加了本次计划,满意结果数为39家,满意率为61%。结论多数参加实验室检测能力结果满意,表明化妆品中防腐剂检测水平总体良好。     

Exposure to aflatoxins in Japan: risk assessment for aflatoxin B1

The intake of total aflatoxins (AFT) and aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) from food in Japan was estimated from AFT and AFB₁ concentration and frequency data in 24 foods (884 samples) from a 3-year retail market survey from the summer of 2004 to the winter of 2006, and by food consumption data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey performed in 2005. The AFT and AFB₁ survey revealed that peanut, peanut products, cocoa, chocolate, pistachio, white pepper, red pepper, almond, job's tears, buckwheat and corn grits are considered to be contributors of AFT (or AFB₁) intake in Japan (maximum AFB₁ (AFT) levels ranged from 0.21 to 28.0 µg kg^?1 (from 0.21 to 9.0 µg kg^?1)) in AFT-contaminated food. A probabilistic approach using the Monte Carlo method was carried out to simulate an estimate of the AFT (or AFB₁) intake distributions in each age group in Japan. In this study, AFB₁ intake ranged from 0.003 to 0.004 ng kg^?1 body weight day^?1 (from lower to upper limits), and the potential risk for cancer using a formula devised by the Joint Food and Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) was estimated at 0.00004–0.00005 person/year/100,000 persons, even though this was in the higher levels (95.0th percentile) of the consumer population. The results suggest that the current dietary intake of AFB₁ in Japan has no appreciable effect on health.     

Intake of aflatoxins through the consumption of peanut products in Brazil

To estimate daily intake of aflatoxins from peanut products consumed by the population of Paraná State (Brazil), 100 samples of peanut products were collected between July 2006 and April 2007. Aflatoxins were determined by an HPLC method with fluorescence detection. There was a 50% occurrence of aflatoxins (B₁, B₂, G₁ and G₂) in concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 113?ng?g^?1, with 13 samples with levels above 20?ng?g^?1. Intake was calculated for average and high adult consumers of peanut products and it was compared with provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI). The estimated probable daily intake (PDI) for aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) varied from 0.6 to 10.4?ng?kg^?1?bw?day^?1, exceeding the PMTDI of 0.4?ng?kg^?1?bw?day^?1 for carriers of hepatitis B virus.     

荧光免疫定量法即时检测谷物中黄曲霉毒素B1

目的 基于时间分辨荧光免疫层析技术,研制快速定量检测试纸条,用于粮谷物中黄曲霉毒素B1的检测。方法 以荧光微球为标记物,采用DNP独立质控体系和竞争法检测原理,构建了粮谷物中黄曲霉毒素B1荧光免疫定量即时检测（point-of-care testing ,POCT）方法。评价其准确度、重复性、特异性、与仪器确证方法符合度。结果 该方法最适条件为：pH7.8硼酸盐（BB）活化,pH7.5磷酸盐（PB）偶联,微球抗体质量比为5:4,抗原抗体质量比为50:1。检测限在0.299 ng/g -0.997 ng/g之间,定量限在0.544 ng/g -2.663 ng/g。代表性样本准确度为92.2%-111%,重复性为3.2%-7.5%。除与黄曲霉毒素B2有交叉反应（6.1%）,与其他类似物无（<0.1%）。该法检测结果与仪器确证法一致性好,在-12.5%—15.9%之间。结论 提供了一种准确、快速、定量、灵敏、便捷、适合现场检测粮谷物中黄曲霉毒素B1的时间分辨荧光免疫检测试纸条。     

Aflatoxin determination in commonly consumed foods in Tunisia

BACKGROUND: To investigate natural aflatoxin occurrence, a total of 180 samples of different foods widely consumed in Tunisia were analysed by an in‐house‐validated high‐performance liquid chromatography method including affinity column clean‐up and post‐column bromination techniques. RESULTS: The method used appeared to be rapid, selective and reproducible, and its performances were established. Detection limits were 0.05 ng g^?1 for aflatoxin B1 and 0.025 ng g^?1 for aflatoxins B2, G1 and G2. Aflatoxins were detected in all investigated commodities except rice, with an overall contamination frequency of 34.4% and concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 40.6 ng g^?1. Aflatoxin B1 was found in all contaminated samples. Sorghum, spices and nuts were most contaminated. CONCLUSION: This study has provided an effective analytical method for the reliable determination of aflatoxins in food samples. Over one‐third of the samples investigated were contaminated with aflatoxins. Sorghum, spices and nuts were most contaminated, whereas rice showed no contamination. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Mycotoxins in infant/toddler foods and breakfast cereals in the US retail market

The objective of this study was to conduct a mycotoxin survey of commercial infant/toddler foods (cereals and teething biscuits) and breakfast cereals in the United States. A total of 215 retail samples were collected from three geographical locations and analysed for aflatoxins, fumonisins, deoxynivalenol, HT-2 toxin, ochratoxin A, T-2 toxin, and zearalenone using a stable isotope dilution liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. One or more mycotoxins were found in 69% (101/147) of the infant/toddler foods and 50% (34/68) of breakfast cereals. Mycotoxin co-occurrence was observed in 12% of infant/toddler foods and 32% of breakfast cereals. However, the concentrations of detected mycotoxins were lower than the current FDA action and guidance levels. Aflatoxins and HT-2 toxin were not detected in any of the samples, while deoxynivalenol was the most frequently detected mycotoxin. Rice-based cereals appeared to be less susceptible to mycotoxin contamination than other cereal types.     

葡萄酒中铜、铁含量检测的能力验证研究

目的通过能力验证计划,对国内检测实验室的葡萄酒中铜、铁含量检测能力进行分析和评价。方法能力验证计划中使用的被测样品采用被重金属污染的红葡萄酒,通过单因子方差分析法和t检验法分别对其进行均匀性测试和稳定性测试。将各参加实验室提交的结果进行稳健统计,计算中位值作为测试样品重金属含量的指定值,标准化四分位间距作为此次能力验证的标准差。采用Z比分数评定各参加实验室的测试结果。结果共有24家实验室在规定时间内报送铜含量有效检测结果,其中22家实验室结果满意,2家实验室结果不满意。共有20家实验室在规定时间内报送有铁含量有效检测结果,20家实验室结果均满意。结论能力验证的统计结果表明,国内检测实验室的葡萄酒中铜、铁的检测能力总体较好。