改性毛/腈织物的酸性染料一浴法染色

通过测定织物断裂强力、断裂伸长率、热收缩率,探讨了盐酸羟胺作为腈纶阳离子改性剂时的改性工艺,并研究了改性毛/腈混纺织物酸性染料一浴法染色工艺。结果表明,盐酸羟胺浓度10 g/L为最佳改性浓度。酸性染料对改性毛/腈混纺织物一浴法染色工艺为：染料用量2%（omf）,浴比1〖KG-*5〗∶〖KG-*5〗50,pH值2,在100 ℃染色60 min,可以缩短工艺流程,降低能耗,同时上染百分率、K/S值、各项染色牢度和匀染性能均达到染色要求。     

低温自交联型丙烯酸酯无皂黏合剂的制备及应用

通过改变软硬单体配比、不同交联单体的选择及其用量等,优化了丙烯酸酯无皂黏合剂的合成工艺,即软硬单体配比为1.35〖KG-*5〗∶〖KG-*5〗1.00,交联单体HA为2.0%。将合成的丙烯酸酯黏合剂应用于涂料印花,优化的印花工艺为：涂料3%,自制无皂黏合剂35%,80 ℃预烘3 min,120 ℃焙烘3 min。结果表明,印花织物耐干、湿摩擦色牢度和耐皂洗色牢度与市售的涂料印花黏合剂相当。     

棉针织物60 ℃练漂一浴工艺

将有机类漂白活化剂和仿酶催化剂复配,制备出新型双氧水低温漂白复合活化剂,并将其应用于棉针织物双氧水低温练漂工艺。优化的复合活化剂低温练漂工艺为：30%H2O2 10 g/L,复合活化剂1.5 g/L,稳定剂PBTCA 0.5 g/L,低温精练1 g/L,NaOH 1 g/L,浴比10〖KG-*9〗∶〖KG-*2〗1,60 ℃处理60 min。该工艺处理后的织物白度可达71.44%,强力损失率为2.4%,与传统高温练漂工艺的处理效果接近;再经活性染料染色,染色织物的表观深度、耐皂洗色牢度及耐干、湿摩擦牢度均可达到传统高温练漂工艺的效果。     

菠萝叶纤维卜公茶皂素前处理的可行性

采用卜公茶皂素对菠萝叶纤维纱线进行前处理。分别采用沸煮工艺、轧堆工艺和汽蒸工艺三种方式,测试了处理后菠萝叶纤维的白度、强力和毛效指标,得到的优化前处理工艺为：卜公茶皂素粉末质量浓度20 g/L,卜公茶皂素分散液质量浓度0.8 g/L,浴比1〖KG-*5〗∶〖KG-*5〗30,100 ℃浸渍60 min。处理后纱线具有较好的白度、毛效、强力以及强力保留率。     

分散黑ECTT的复配及其染色性能

采用复配原理对分散黑染料进行配方设计并对染色效果进行分析。分子结构、紫外可见吸收光谱曲线、上染速率等分析结果表明,分散橙44、分散橙73、分散紫V93、分散蓝291〖KG-*9〗∶〖KG-*2〗1适合复配分散黑染料。复配所得的分散黑ECTT染料具有良好的染色性能,较市场上应用较多的分散黑EX SF300%在染深性上有所提高,并具有良好的各项色牢度,节能减排,市场化前景良好。     

新型有机硅季铵盐抗菌剂的合成

采用苄基氯季铵化叔胺基硅油合成了新型的有机硅季铵盐抗菌剂。研究了原料配比、溶剂用量、反应温度、反应时间对产品抗菌性的影响。优选了合成工艺条件：n（叔胺基硅油）〖KG-*5〗∶〖KG-*5〗n（氯化苄）=1.0〖KG-*5〗∶〖KG-*5〗1.2,溶剂质量与两反应物的质量比为1〖KG-*5〗∶〖KG-*5〗1,反应温度75 ℃,反应时间8 h。测试了自制有机硅季铵盐的抗菌效果,对大肠埃希菌的抑菌圈可达11.5 mm,对金黄葡萄球菌的抑菌圈可达13.1 mm。抗菌整理织物具有较好的耐洗性。     

X-COOL凉爽纤维针织面料的染色

采用分散黄GD染料对X-COOL凉爽纤维针织面料进行一浴法染色,探讨了染料质量分数、染色温度、固色时间以及染液p H值对面料上染百分率和染色K/S值的影响。优化的染色工艺为:分散黄GD 2%(omf),分散剂NNO 1 g/L,染色温度125℃,染色时间60 min,固色温度85℃,固色时间40 min,p H值4.5,浴比1∶30。结果显示,X-COOL凉爽纤维针织面料的耐洗色牢度、耐汗渍色牢度和耐摩擦色牢度达到4级以上,染色织物的顶破强力降幅较小,能够满足服用要求。     

金属配合物低温催化漂白棉织物

采用Co salen和Cu salen配合物作为催化剂应用于棉织物双氧水低温浸渍漂白,研究了配合物浓度、双氧水浓度、pH值、温度和时间对漂白效果的影响。通过单因素试验,得到的优化工艺为：30%H2O2 10 g/L,Co salen 2 μmol/L（Cu salen 2 μmol/L）,Na2SiO3 1 g/L,JFC 1 g/L,70 ℃处理 60 min,浴比 1〖KG-*9〗∶〖KG-*2〗20。     

棉织物低温前处理工艺

采用低温煮漂一浴工艺对棉织物进行前处理,考察了精练剂、活化剂、双氧水和氢氧化钠用量,以及处理温度和处理时间对前处理效果的影响。结果表明,优化的低温前处理工艺为：精练剂1.25%（omf）,氢氧化钠2.00%(omf),双氧水2.50%(omf),活化剂1.25%(omf),处理温度80 ℃,处理时间55 min,浴比50〖KG-*5〗∶〖KG-*5〗1。低温前处理棉织物的白度、毛效和强力等指标均比传统煮漂工艺好。     

棉织物的无硅液体精练剂退煮漂一步法工艺

采用低温煮漂一浴工艺对棉织物进行前处理,考察了精练剂、活化剂、双氧水和氢氧化钠用量,以及处理温度和处理时间对前处理效果的影响。结果表明,优化的低温前处理工艺为：精练剂1.25%（omf）,氢氧化钠2.00%(omf),双氧水2.50%(omf),活化剂1.25%(omf),处理温度80 ℃,处理时间55 min,浴比50〖KG-*5〗∶〖KG-*5〗1。低温前处理棉织物的白度、毛效和强力等指标均比传统煮漂工艺好。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.