小麦籽粒淀粉品质与蛋白质品质关系的初步研究

通过测定32个小麦品种籽粒的11个淀粉品质性状及10个蛋白质品质性状，分析了各性状之间的简单相关关系。结果表明：直链淀粉含量与清蛋白含量显著正相关，与支链淀粉含量、膨胀势、高峰粘度、衰减值、粗蛋白含量、醇溶蛋白含量、谷蛋白大聚合体含量、沉降值显著负相关；支链淀粉含量与糊化温度显著负相关，与沉降值、面筋指数显著正相关；膨胀势、高峰粘度、低谷粘度、最后粘度两两间极显著正相关；衰减值与醇溶蛋白含量、谷蛋白大聚合体含量、沉降值，糊化温度与球蛋白含量呈显著正相关；回生值与面筋含量，峰值时间与沉降值显著负相关。文章还分析了淀粉品质和蛋白质品质与蒸煮类食品品质的关系。     

不同品种板栗贮藏前后淀粉糊化特性研究

以9个板栗产区的12个主栽品种为试材,测定贮藏前后不同品种板栗淀粉的糊化特性及直链淀粉含量,比较不同品种板栗贮藏前后淀粉糊化特性的差异,探讨板栗淀粉糊化特性与直链淀粉含量的关系.结果表明:贮藏前后,各品种糊化特性存在显著差异(p＜0.05).其中,峰值黏度、谷值黏度、稀懈值和峰值时间在贮藏后降低;回冷值显著上升58.5～861 cp;最终粘度和糊化温度变化趋势与品种有关:小紫油栗、叶里藏、粘底板Q022、青扎的最终黏度,大板红、泰栗一号、小紫油栗、SQ022、六合中熟的糊化温度升高,而其他品种的最终黏度和糊化温度呈下降趋势.贮藏后,不同品种各RVA谱特征值的各变异系数(除糊化温度)均降低,各品种间差异程度缩小.贮藏前,各品种直链淀粉含量在17.21%～32.78%之间;贮藏后,直链淀粉含量增加0.18%～10.41%.相关分析表明,贮藏前后,直链淀粉含量与峰值黏度、谷值黏度、最终黏度、稀懈值呈负相关,而与回冷值、糊化温度和峰值时间呈正相关.板栗淀粉的糊化特性与直链淀粉含量密切相关,不同品种间的差异主要由品种自身的遗传特性决定.     

蛋白质和淀粉对面团流变学特性和淀粉糊化特性的影响

以3个筋力不同的小麦粉为材料,利用分离重组方法,在保持小麦粉其他成分不变的情况下,组成不同面筋蛋白和淀粉含量的配粉,研究面筋蛋白和淀粉添加量对面团流变学特性和面粉糊化特性的影响。结果表明:随着面筋蛋白添加量的增加,3种筋力小麦粉配粉的面团稳定时间和粉质质量指数均呈升高趋势,峰值黏度、低谷黏度、最终黏度、稀懈值、回生值等总体呈下降趋势。小麦粉添加淀粉后,面团稳定时间和粉质质量指数均呈下降趋势,峰值黏度、低谷黏度、最终黏度、稀懈值、回生值等总体呈升高趋势。面筋蛋白和淀粉对小麦面团吸水率和面粉糊化温度的影响均较小。不同筋力小麦粉配粉各品质指标总体变化趋势一致,但变化幅度有一定差异。     

糙米发芽前后营养成分的变化及其对发芽糙米糊化特性的影响

选用24个糙米品种为原料制备发芽糙米,研究发芽过程中主要营养成分的变化,以及营养成分变化对发芽糙米糊化特性的影响。结果表明,糙米发芽后,总淀粉含量极显著下降(P0.01),可溶性蛋白、纤维素和γ-氨基丁酸的含量极显著上升(P0.01),直链淀粉、总蛋白和粗脂肪含量变化不显著(P0.05)。发芽糙米峰值黏度、最低黏度、最终黏度和回生值与直链淀粉含量呈极显著的正相关(P0.01),与支链淀粉含量、支链淀粉/直链淀粉呈极显著的负相关(P0.01);峰值时间也与直链淀粉含量呈极显著的正相关(P0.01),与支链淀粉、支链淀粉/直链淀粉呈显著负相关(P0.05)。此外,发芽糙米峰值黏度与总蛋白含量呈极显著的负相关(P0.01),最低黏度、最终黏度和回生值也与总蛋白的含量呈显著负相关(P0.05)。     

不同筋力小麦品种的搅拌值及其它淀粉糊化特性指标

以5个小麦品种为材料，利用快速粘度分析仪（RVA）研究了不同筋力品种间搅拌值的差异及搅拌值与其它淀粉糊化特性指标的关系。结果表明，不同品种间搅拌值有一定差异，酶浓度对搅拌值有显著影响。搅拌值与面团筋力无一致性，与糊化温度、糊化时间相关不显著，但是与高峰粘度、低谷粘度、粘度破损值、最终粘度以及回冷值等5项淀粉糊化指标显著正相关。同时求出了这5项淀粉糊化指标依搅拌值变化的回归方程。     

支链淀粉结构对稻米淀粉糊化特性的影响

支链淀粉结构的不同是导致直链淀粉含量相近的水稻品种间品质差异的主要原因。本研究利用优化后的酶法测定了26个不同类型水稻品种的稻米支链淀粉的结构参数,分析了支链淀粉结构与淀粉RVA成糊特性及DSC热特性的相关性。结果表明,26个品种间平均链长、平均外链长与起始糊化温度、最高糊化温度、终结糊化温度呈正相关;A∶B值与起始糊化温度呈负相关。平均链长、平均外链长与消减值呈正相关,与峰值黏度、崩解值呈负相关;A∶B值与峰值黏度、崩解值呈正相关,与消减值呈负相关。将参试品种按AC分成11%~13%和13%~15%两组后,其支链淀粉结构与稻米淀粉RVA成糊特性及DSC热特性间的相关性与全部品种间基本一致。综上,支链淀粉结构对淀粉RVA成糊特性及糊化温度有较大影响,低平均链长、平均外链长及高A∶B值的稻米淀粉RVA成糊特性较好、糊化温度较低。     

快速粘度仪在燕麦粉理化性质研究上的应用

燕麦粉作为一种谷物,加工后可广泛应用于饮料体系。本文应用快速粘度仪(RVA)主要研究了燕麦粉的淀粉糊化特性,同时,通过面筋蛋白醇溶指数法及稀乳酸法,分别研究了燕麦粉的面筋蛋白质质量特性。探讨了不同工艺条件对淀粉糊化特性及面筋蛋白质粘度特性的影响,同时,测定了燕麦粉中β-葡聚糖的含量,实验表明其在燕麦粉的RVA稀乳酸法面筋蛋白质粘度特性的测定中无明显影响。另外,稀乳酸法中峰值粘度及最终粘度,与醇溶指数法中最终粘度间分别存在相关性,而与醇溶指数法中醇溶指数间无相关性。     

黑龙江主栽品种大米直链淀粉含量与糊化特性的研究

为研究黑龙江主产区主栽品种大米淀粉糊化特征值及其与直链淀粉的关系,以黑龙江两个大米主产区2012年种植的水稻为研究对象,采用丹麦福斯公司的近红外谷物分析仪和德国BrabenderOHG公司的Brabender淀粉粘度仪分别测定大米的直链淀粉含量和糊化特征值,运用SPSS18．0软件进行方差分析和相关性分析,比较黑龙江两个产区品种大米淀粉糊化特征值的差异及直链淀粉含量与淀粉糊化特征值间的相关性。结果表明选取黑龙江省两个主产区的大米直链淀粉含量变化范围为17．3％～18．3％．属于低直链淀粉含量;大米的最高粘度与最低粘度、崩解值呈极显著正相关,与消减值、起始糊化温度极显著负相关;最低粘度与最终粘度、崩解值呈极显著正相关,与消减值呈显著负相关;最终粘度与回复值呈极显著正相关;崩解值与消减值、起始糊化温度呈极显著负相关;消减值与回复值呈极显著正相关,与起始糊化温度呈显著正相关;大米样本中直链淀粉含量与淀粉糊化特征值相关关系均不显著。     

不同筋力小麦品种的搅拌值及其它淀粉糊化特性指标_注

以 5个小麦品种为材料 ,利用快速粘度分析仪 (RVA)研究了不同筋力品种间搅拌值的差异及搅拌值与其它淀粉糊化特性指标的关系。结果表明 ,不同品种间搅拌值有一定差异 ,酶浓度对搅拌值有显著影响。搅拌值与面团筋力无一致性 ,与糊化温度、糊化时间相关不显著 ,但是与高峰粘度、低谷粘度、粘度破损值、最终粘度以及回冷值等 5项淀粉糊化指标显著正相关。同时求出了这 5项淀粉糊化指标依搅拌值变化的回归方程。     

小麦粉中的淀粉对其糊化特性的影响

从小麦粉中提取淀粉、直链和支链淀粉,再将其按不同的梯度添加到原小麦粉中去,用RVA来测定其粉糊化特性,以此来研究同源小麦淀粉、直链和支链淀粉对其糊化特性的影响规律。随着淀粉或支链淀粉添加量的增加,小麦粉糊化时的峰值黏度、低谷黏度、崩解值、最终黏度、衰减值和峰值时间都出现了上升的趋势,而糊化温度则表现为降低趋势。随着直链淀粉添加量的增加,小麦粉糊化时的峰值黏度、低谷黏度、崩解值、最终黏度、衰减值、峰值时间和糊化温度都出现了下降的趋势。     

品种及地理位置对糯玉米糊化特性和食味品质影响

本研究以198个糯玉米主栽品种为材料,从适宜种植区角度测定了糯玉米淀粉糊化特征值和食味品质,并分析二者相关关系。结果表明,品种对糊化特征值的影响最大,峰值黏度、崩解值、终值黏度、回复值等糊化特征值基本呈正态分布,80%的材料峰值黏度集中在2 300~3 000 cP,超过3 000 cP 有16个品种。峰值黏度、谷值黏度、崩解值、终值黏度、回复值间为极显著正相关,与糊化时间、糊化温度呈极显著负相关。东南区的食味品质总评分最高,为86.8分,显著高于西南区、黄淮海区和东华北区,而西南区、黄淮海区、东华北区间差异不显著。峰值黏度、谷值黏度和崩解值与食味品质总分呈正相关且相关系数均在0.753以上,可用于评价糯玉米食味品质优劣。     

复配粉理化性质与米线质构性质关系的研究

将粳米粉与绿豆淀粉按照一定比例进行混合,得到粳米粉和绿豆淀粉的复配粉体系,并测定了复配粉体系的溶胀性质、糊化性质、凝胶质构性质和拉伸性质,研究了复配米粉体系的拉伸性质与米线质构性质的关系。结果表明:随着绿豆淀粉添加量比例的增加,复配米粉体系的总直链淀粉含量、可溶性直链淀粉含量和不溶性直链淀粉含量明显增加,峰值黏度、谷值黏度、末值黏度、硬度也显著性增加,咀嚼性、拉伸强度和表观弹性模量显著增加,85℃下的溶解度和膨润力显著上升;糊化温度显著降低;衰减值和回生值分别比粳米粉高了33.73 RVU和50.60 RVU;与单一体系相比,由复配粉体系制成的米线呈现较好的硬度、弹性、韧性、蒸煮性和物理性质。当绿豆淀粉∶粳米粉为1∶1时,其制得的米粉的质构性质最好。     

Relationships Between Selected Properties of Starches from Different Corn Lines

Starch was isolated from the corn lines obtained by crossing two different germ pools (MS and Tux pool) and evaluated for amylose content, swelling power, solubility, water binding capacity (WBC) and syneresis. The gelatinization (T_o, T_p, T_c, ΔH_gel, PHI & R) and pasting (pasting temperature, peak viscosity, breakdown viscosity, final viscosity and set back) properties of starches were measured using Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA), respectively. The relationships between different properties were also determined using pearson correlation coefficients. Amylose content was negatively correlated to swelling power and WBC (p < 0.05). Several significant relationships were also observed between thermal and pasting properties of isolated starches. Transition temperatures (T_o, T_p & T_c) and PHI showed positive correlation with peak, trough and breakdown viscosity (p < 0.05). Syneresis of starches was positively correlated to amylose content (p < 0.05).     

Effect of the milling process on quality characteristics of rye flour

BACKGROUND: Most of rye flour is obtained by a gradual reduction system using roller flour mills, which generate different flour streams. The study of the different flour streams composition is necessary since it determines the flour quality and the flour uses. Four break streams and nine reduction streams were analysed for moisture, ash, starch, protein, damaged starch, falling number, amylose/amylopectin ratio, β‐glucans and colour. Mixing and pasting properties were also determined with a doughLAB and a Rapid Visco Analyser respectively. RESULTS: As the milling process advanced, moisture and starch content decreased but protein, ash, β‐glucans and damaged starch increased. The differences in composition are probably related to the effect of the roller mills and the increase in the contamination with bran. The absorption, development time, and pasting viscosity increased as the milling proceeded, in detriment of the peak time. The β‐glucan content was positively correlated to absorption, mixing tolerance index and pasting viscosity, and negatively correlated to peak time. CONCLUSION: Differences in composition, above all, in bran, showed different mixing and pasting properties in rye streams. The most different streams corresponded to the last streams in the break process, in the sizings and in the middlings. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Modification of bean starch by γ-irradiation: Effect on functional and morphological properties

Starches isolated from Red, White, Yellow and Black Kidney beans were treated by γ-irradiation doses of 5, 10 and 20 kGy. Physicochemical, morphological and pasting properties of irradiated bean starches were investigated. Microscopic observation under scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that some of the bean starch granules were destroyed by γ-irradiation and the breakage was greater at a higher dose (20 kGy). Physicochemical properties differed significantly and showed strong dose-dependent relationship. Carboxyl content, solubility, water absorption capacity and transmittance increased, whereas swelling power, apparent amylose content, syneresis and pasting properties decreased upon the irradiation of kidney bean starch. Radiation doses were positively correlated with water absorption capacity and solubility index and negatively correlated with swelling index, peak viscosity, trough viscosity, breakdown and final viscosity. There were high positive correlations between pasting properties. X-ray diffraction pattern remained same upon irradiation but a decrease in crystallinity was observed with increasing irradiation dose.     

不同品种绿豆淀粉的功能特性比较研究

以9个品种绿豆淀粉为研究对象,研究了绿豆淀粉的化学组成及糊化特性、溶解度、膨胀度和冻融稳定性等功能特性,并分析了直链淀粉含量与功能特性的相关性。结果表明,不同品种绿豆淀粉直链淀粉含量不同,其分布范围为33.10%~44.08%;不同品种淀粉糊化特性参数间有明显差异;潍绿4号和中绿1号绿豆淀粉峰值粘度显著高于其他品种(p0.05),安绿8号具有最低破损值(p0.05),毛绿豆和安绿092具有较低的回生值。绿豆淀粉的溶解度和膨胀度与温度有关,均随温度的增加而增大。不同品种绿豆淀粉糊经一次冻融后析水率均较高,随冻融循环次数的增加,析水率均逐渐增大。相关性分析表明,直链淀粉含量与淀粉糊的最终粘度和回生值之间存在显著正相关(r=0.674,r=0.725;p0.05),与膨胀度之间具有极显著负相关关系(r=-0.805,p0.01)。     

山农紫糯小麦粉理化性质分析及其馒头产品的开发

糯小麦粉由于直链淀粉含量很低而被赋予其独特的理化性质。本实验对山农新培育出的紫糯小麦品种制粉的理化和营养性质进行了测定,并与普通小麦粉配粉制作馒头,通过质构仪检测试验和感观评价相结合的方法对馒头品质进行了研究,从而确定了山东农业大学新培育紫糯小麦品种开发馒头产品的最佳工艺。试验结果表明:山农紫糯小麦粉的脂肪、蛋白质、灰分和蛋白质中清蛋白、醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白含量比普通面粉高,而淀粉和球蛋白含量比普通面低;其糊透明度、谷值黏度、最终黏度、糊化温度较低,但崩解值、峰值黏度、回生值高。添加15%的紫糯小麦粉可显著的改善馒头的表皮色泽,并且对馒头的弹性、黏着性、黏聚性和回复性影响最大,此时馒头的总评分达到最大值。     

Effect of genotype and environment on the concentrations of starch and protein in, and the physicochemical properties of starch from, field pea and fababean

BACKGROUND: The effects of genotype and environment and their interaction on the concentrations of starch and protein in, and the amylose content and thermal and pasting properties of starch from, pea and fababean are not well known. RESULTS: Differences due to genotype were observed in the concentrations of starch and protein in pea and fababean, in the onset temperature (To) and peak temperature (Tp) of gelatinization of fababean starch, and in the pasting, trough, cooling and final viscosities of pea starch and fababean starch. Significant two‐way interactions (location × genotype) were observed for the concentration of starch in fababean and the amylose content, To, endothermic enthalpy of gelatinization (ΔH) and trough viscosity of fababean starch. Significant three‐way interactions (location × year × genotype) were observed for the concentration of starch in pea and the pasting, trough, cooling and final viscosities of pea starch. CONCLUSION: Differences observed in the concentrations of starch and protein in pea and fababean were sufficient to be of practical significance to end‐users, but the relatively small differences in amylose content and physicochemical properties of starch from pea and fababean were not. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry