大孔树脂分离纯化大豆胚芽中异黄酮的研究

通过柱层析的方法使大豆胚芽中异黄酮的苷元和糖苷得到有效的分离。紫外检测结果显示,大豆胚芽提取液中异黄酮含量为5.35%;HPLC检测结果显示:以AB-8大孔树脂为固定相,乙醇水溶液进行递度洗脱,可使大豆异黄酮的苷元和糖苷得到很好的分离,苷元和糖苷的纯度可达90%以上。     

中国大豆核心种质异黄酮含量的分析

应用大豆核心种质库中的部分夏秋种质,分析了不同品种、省份和生态类型之间,总异黄酮含量和12种异黄酮组分含量的差异。结果表明:不同品种间总异黄酮含量差异较大,参试所有品种总异黄酮含量集中分布在1 000～4 000μg/g之间;发现了5个总异黄酮含量大于5 000μg/g的品种。将12种不同的异黄酮组分划分为4大类进行比较分析,发现不同品种间异黄酮组分含量差异显著;大豆异黄酮主成分与总异黄酮含量具有良好的正相关。比较不同省份和生态地区的总异黄酮含量和组分含量,发现不同省份之间总异黄酮含量存在显著的差异。总体来说,黄淮海区域省份内大豆的异黄酮总含量显著高于南方省份内大豆的异黄酮总含量;夏大豆类型品种的总异黄酮含量显著高于秋大豆类型品种。大豆异黄酮的主要组成成分黄豆黄素苷和染料木苷的含量在不同省份之间差异显著;黄豆黄素苷和黄豆苷在不同生态类型之间具有较为显著的差异。     

紫外分光光度法测定大豆总异黄酮的含量

为建立一种检测食物中大豆异黄酮含量的快速分析方法 ,以大豆中的活性成分金雀异黄素为标准品 ,在其紫外最大吸收峰 2 59nm处测定大孔吸附树脂法配合溶剂法提取制得的大豆异黄酮试样的含量 ,大豆异黄酮试样中总异黄酮的含量以金雀异黄素计算为 38.7%。平均加样回收率为99.86% ,相对标准偏差为 2 .6% ,方法简便 ,重现性好 ,可作为检测大豆异黄酮含量的一种手段。     

不同品种大豆异黄酮组分及体外抗氧化活性分析

为研究不同品种大豆异黄酮组分和含量以及抗氧化活性,测定了50个特色大豆品种的百粒重、色泽（L*、a*、b*）,通过高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定异黄酮组分,评估不同品种大豆甲醇提取物的DPPH、ABTS自由基清除能力,并用相关性分析、主成分分析及聚类分析法对样品进行分析。结果表明:大豆的百粒重范围为7.05~47.46 g。不同种皮色大豆L*、a*和b*呈现显著差异（P<0.05）。HPLC分析结果发现糖苷型异黄酮含量是大豆中主要的异黄酮组分,占总异黄酮含量的90%以上。其中染料木苷含量最高。安豆115品种的大豆异黄酮的总含量最高,为2500.78 μg/g;靖江丝瓜青品种的大豆异黄酮含量最低,为888.86 μg/g。安豆115品种的DPPH和ABTS自由基清除能力较强,分别为（16.11±0.25）和（8.12±0.04）μmol V_C/g。糖苷型异黄酮含量与DPPH和ABTS自由基清除能力有较高的线性相关性（R2分别为0.903和0.867）。主成分分析表明6项指标可用2个主成分来表示（累计贡献率达66.3%）。聚类分析将50个品种的大豆分为4类:第一类中黄豆黄素和黄豆黄苷含量较高;第二类中大豆苷、大豆苷元、染料木苷和染料木素含量较高;第三类和第四类中其大豆异黄酮含量基本处于中等水平和较低含量。综上所述,不同大豆品种的异黄酮组成、含量和抗氧化能力存在较大差异,可为其进一步综合开发利用提供一定理论基础。     

高效液相色谱法测定食品中大豆异黄酮含量

建立食品中大豆异黄酮含量测定的高效液相色谱法。样品以甲醇 :水 (80 :2 0 )于 6 5°C水浴中振荡提取 ,氢氧化钠皂化 ,冰醋酸酸化 ,离心过滤后用液相色谱分析。色谱柱为HypsilBDSC18(5 μ ,4 .6× 2 5 0mm )柱 ,梯度洗脱 ,流动相A为水 :甲醇 :冰乙酸 (88:10 :2 ) ,流动相B为 2 %冰乙酸的甲醇溶液 ,流速 0 .4mL/min ,紫外检测波长 2 6 0nm ,柱温 32°C。各组分 (大豆甙 ,黄豆甙 ,染料木甙及其相应甙元大豆黄素 ,黄豆黄素 ,染料木素 )的峰面积与其相应浓度呈良好的线性相关 ,r >0 .9999。以豆奶粉和奶粉为基质 ,六种大豆异黄酮加标回收试验的平均回收率分别为 85 .1% - 138.1%和 6 7.8% - 95 .9% ,RSD分别在 5 .5 % - 17.8%和 1.8% - 9.5 %之间。采用建立的方法测定了黄豆、豆芽、蚕豆、腐竹、豆腐、豆浆、豆奶粉、奶粉等样品中大豆异黄酮含量 ,测定结果令人满意。     

高效液相色谱法测定大豆异黄酮含量的研究

采用高效液相色谱 (HPLC)法对大豆异黄酮产品进行含量测定 ,是快捷、准确检测大豆异黄酮含量的方法。结果显示 ,确定标准样品Daidzin和Genistin作为检测大豆异黄酮的主要成分是有实验根据的 ,这两种成分占大豆异黄酮总量 95 %以上 ,可以代表总体样本。最佳的色谱条件为 :色谱柱VP -ODS(Φ4 .6mm× 15 0mm) ,流动相VMeOH:VHAc:VH2 O(4 0∶0 .5∶6 0 ) ,流速 1.5mL/min ,柱温 4 0℃ ,最适检测波长 2 5 4nm。     

高效液相色谱法快速测定大豆异黄酮制品中有效成分的研究

采用高效液相色谱法测定大豆异黄酮制品中染料木苷、黄豆苷、染料木黄酮和黄豆苷元含量.固定相为Agilent-1100 C18柱(3.9 x 150mm);以甲醇:水=35%～45%为流动相,进行梯度洗脱,流速为1.0～2.0mL/min;柱温为室温;检测波长为260nm.实验结果表明,市售30%大豆异黄酮制品中,含大豆异黄酮糖苷近28%,其中染料木苷为4%、黄豆苷为8%,苷元形式异黄酮未检出;采用酶水解法制备的大豆异黄酮水解物中含染料木黄酮14.3%、黄豆苷元9.8%,其大豆异黄酮苷元占大豆异黄酮总含量的96%.     

纤维素酶催化大豆异黄酮的水解

为充分发挥大豆异黄酮生物价值,采用纤维素酶催化糖苷型大豆异黄酮水解制备游离苷元型大豆异黄酮。通过考察10种纤维素酶对糖苷型大豆异黄酮总水解率和苷元型大豆异黄酮总转化率的影响,筛选得到一种成本较低且水解效果较好的纤维素酶,用于催化水解糖苷型大豆异黄酮,优化了该纤维素酶在水解工艺中底物质量浓度、酶添加量、反应体系pH、酶解温度、酶解时间等参数。结果表明：选择来源于Trichoderma viride的纤维素酶作为大豆异黄酮水解用酶;底物质量浓度0.8～2.0 mg/mL、酶添加量7%～11%、反应体系pH 5.0、酶解温度55℃、酶解时间5～6 h是较经济有效的水解工艺参数,实验优化过程中,大豆异黄酮总水解率超过90%,总转化率接近60%。因此,采用纤维素酶催化水解大豆异黄酮可显著增加游离苷元含量,提高大豆异黄酮利用价值。     

北京地区不同大豆品种异黄酮含量比较研究

异黄酮是大豆生长过程中自然产生的化学物质,被认为可以治疗和预防一些人类依赖激素的疾病.为比较北京地区生态条件下大豆品种间异黄酮含量的差异性,对53个品种种子中3种异黄酮(大豆苷元、染料木素和黄豆黄素)进行测定和分析.结果表明,品种间异黄酮含量存在较大多样性,大豆苷元为39.21～2 363.65 μg/g,染料木素为77.35～1 149.50 μg/g,黄豆黄素为0.0～51.30μg/g,3种异黄酮总量为146.73～2 845.60 μg/g.来自山西和山东品种的异黄酮含量显著高于其他地区的品种.异黄酮总量分别与大豆苷元和染料木素呈极显著正相关,而大豆苷元和染料木素之间没有互作.因此,可以利用高含量大豆苷元或染料木素材料选育高异黄酮品种.     

三波长比色法测定大豆异黄酮的研究

大豆胚芽的乙醇提取液，颜色较深，背景吸收较大，以一般常用的单波长比色法测定大豆异黄酮的含量时，色素和醇溶性蛋白等杂质干扰严重。研究建立了三波长比色法，能有效地扣除色素和醇溶性蛋白等杂质的干扰，精密度试验的相对标准偏差为2.14%，平均加样回收率为104.3%，加样回收率的相对标准偏差为3.70%，并用此方法测定6个品种大豆全豆及其胚芽中异黄酮的含量，其异黄酮的含量分别为0.308%-0.447%和1.23%-2.49%。     

2010年河南省部分食品中重金属污染状况分析

了解河南省部分食品中重金属污染的现状。方法 在河南省18个省辖市采集8大类3 657份食品样品,按照国家标准检测食品中铅、镉和汞的含量,检测结果按照GB 2762—2012《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》进行评价。结果 河南省部分食品中铅含量的平均值为0.34 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.8%(320/3 656),其中粮食、肉类和蔬菜中超标率较高,分别为17.2%(95/552)、14.5%(85/587)和10.7%(57/534);部分食品中镉含量的平均值为0.054 mg/kg,总体超标率为3.9%(143/3 657),其中食用菌和蛋类中超标率较高,分别为9.6%(49/508)和8.1%(42/518);部分食品中汞含量的平均值为0.077 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.3%(303/3 657),其中蔬菜和粮食中超标率较高,分别为25.3%(135/534)和12.3%(68/551)。结论 河南省部分食品中铅、汞污染情况较为严重,其中粮食、蔬菜和肉类食品中污染情况尤为突出,需要加强监管。     

Changes in smoking prevalence in Ukraine in 2001-5

Objectives

To analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine from three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes, in order to estimate the stage of tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.

Design

Repeated national interview surveys in Ukraine in 2001, 2002 and 2005.

Main outcome measure

Prevalence of current smoking among the population aged ⩾15 years.

Results

The age‐standardised prevalence of current smoking in Ukrainian men was 54.8% in 2001 and 66.8% in 2005. Among Ukrainian women, prevalence increased from 11.5% in 2001 to 20.0% in 2005. ORs for yearly increase in prevalence were estimated as 1.164 (95% CI 1.111 to 1.220) for men and 1.187 (1.124 to 1.253) for women, which implies that, on average, 3–4% of men and 1.5–2% of women living in Ukraine join the smoking population each year.

Conclusions

In Ukraine, smoking prevalence is increasing in most population groups. Among men, the medium deprivation group with secondary education has the highest smoking prevalence. Among women, while the most educated, young and those living in larger cities are the leading group for tobacco use, other groups are also increasing their tobacco use. Tobacco promotion efforts appear to have been significantly more effective in Ukraine than smoking control efforts. The decrease in real cigarette prices in Ukraine in 2001–5 could be the main factor explaining the recent growth in smoking prevalence.Ukraine is a large eastern European country with high smoking prevalence. Tobacco products are widely available at very low prices, and the transnational tobacco industry is extremely successful in promoting its products and lobbying for its interests in the legislative field. Advocacy of tobacco control has only recently achieved some success in the legislative field, with the first tobacco control law being adopted in late 2005. Ukraine ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2006, but there is still much cause for concern regarding the enforcement and effectiveness of the adopted legislative measures. Unfortunately, the government is not yet involved in nationwide surveillance of the tobacco problem, and the available data have mostly been gathered with funding from foreign donors. Several attempts have been made to measure the extent of the tobacco epidemic in the countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU).^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7} Most of these studies have shown rather high smoking prevalence among men (50–70%) and comparatively low prevalence among women (5–20%). Most countries in the FSU have similar smoking rates, while certain trends are shown to be related to the differences in how the transnational tobacco industry succeeds in every national tobacco market.⁶ Unfortunately, few studies have been published showing trends in smoking prevalence in the FSU.⁷ In Ukraine, two studies^3,4 provided point estimates of smoking prevalence.The aim of this study was to analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine, on the basis of three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes in order to estimate the stage of the tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.     

中国固态发酵白酒中功能细菌研究进展

细菌是白酒酿造3大类微生物之一,其在白酒生产中有着重要的作用,如:芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、放线菌和梭菌等,它们能产生酯类、有机酸、吡嗪、萜烯等微量成分,从而影响白酒的风味与品质。基于细菌在白酒中的重要功能以及微生物分离培养技术和分析检测技术的进步,近年来相关研究越来越深入。该文综述了近年来白酒功能细菌的研究进展,介绍了酿酒各个环节中主要功能细菌及其在白酒中的作用,旨在为白酒功能细菌的研究提供参考。     

Moulds and mycotoxins in sorghum stored in traditional containers in India

Various traditional containers have been used in India for storage of sorghum grains. Sorghum is susceptible to fungal infestation and toxin elaboration. The present study relates to the mould and mycotoxin contamination (aflatoxin B₁ and T-2 toxin) in stored sorghum in different storage containers viz. “Kotlu” (Storage rooms), earthenware pots, gunny bags and reed baskets. Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. were the prominent genera and the “Kotlu” form of storage was most susceptible to fungal attack. Storage treatment had little effect on fungal contamination, but despite the fungal infestation, the mycotoxin contamination was found to be very low.     

Fungicides in forestry in Great Britain

In Great Britain, fungicides are used in the forest only for the control of root and stem rot, caused by Fames annosus. In forest nurseries they are erriployed on a small scale to control damping-off, grey mould (Botrytis cinerea), needle-cast of pine caused by Lophodermium pinastri, needle-cast of larch caused by Meria laricis, needle blight of Western red cedar (Thuja plicata) caused by Didymascella thujina, and oak mildew (Microsphaera alphitoides).