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1.
中医书籍中有多处羊乳有益肠道健康的记载,这可能与羊乳能够影响肠道菌群有关。为研究羊全脂乳粉对小鼠肠道菌群的影响,本研究收集饲喂羊全脂乳粉小鼠的盲肠内容物,采用CTAB法提取肠道菌群总DNA,经PCR扩增16srDNAV4区后,用Illumina高通量测序技术测定小鼠肠道中菌群的分布和丰度状况,并重点分析小鼠肠道中乳杆菌属、双歧杆菌属、拟杆菌属、梭菌属的分布,并结合小鼠血液生化指标分析来研究羊全脂乳粉对小鼠肠道菌群和生理生化指标的影响。  相似文献   

2.
全脂乳粉生产过程中HACCP的建立与实施   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
介绍了全脂乳粉生产HACCP体系的建立过程,对生产工艺进行了危害分析,确定了关键控制点及其关键限值并建立了监控措施和纠偏措施。  相似文献   

3.
目的调查南宁市面制食品中铝污染状况,并评估居民的铝暴露情况,为今后的监管提供依据。方法 2010年按分层抽样方法采集南宁市场早餐供应点及大型超市出售的六类面制食品共101份,按照国家标准方法检测面制食品中铝的含量。参考2002年广西居民膳食营养调查中面及其制品的摄入量,评估居民面制食品中铝的暴露量。结果南宁市面制食品铝含量的均值为336.7 mg/kg,对面制食品的铝平均暴露量为每人每周1.41 mg;南宁市面制食品铝含量的P90值为977.1 mg/kg,对面制食品铝暴露量的P90值为每人每周4.10 mg。南宁市居民的铝平均暴露量相当于FAO/WHO推荐的暂定每周容许摄入量(PTWI)的70.5%,而以面制食品铝P90含量计算的南宁市居民的铝暴露量相当于FAO/WHO推荐的PTWI的205%。结论目前南宁市居民面制食品的铝暴露量存在安全隐患,这主要与FAO/WHO降低铝的PTWI有关,但关键是需要切实加强面制食品的监督管理,降低面制食品中铝含量。  相似文献   

4.
结合常见市售面制品中铝的残留量监测结果,采用Crystal Ball软件建立非参数概率评估模型,对居民面制品来源的铝膳食暴露量进行了初步评估。结果表明,所有面制品样品的铝残留量均值为15.5 mg/kg,最高检出值为1437.7 mg/kg,超标率为8.5%。不同类别面制品中铝的残留量差异具有统计学意义(p<0.05),以油炸类面制品的铝残留量均值最高,为22.7 mg/kg。不同年龄人群面制品来源的铝膳食日暴露量的P99百分位数分别为青少年(6~17岁):男性103.89/女性116.47 μg/(kg·d);青年(18~44岁):男性66.36/女性79.36 μg/(kg·d);中年(45~59岁):男性68.23/女性72.41 μg/(kg·d);老年(≥60岁):男性73.80/女性78.89 μg/(kg·d),低于每日可耐受摄入量(ADI)285.7 μg/(kg·d),风险指数最大值为0.41,小于1。面制品来源的铝膳食暴露风险在可接受范围内,普通居民通过面制品摄入铝的健康风险较低。  相似文献   

5.
采用阳离子交换固相萃取技术富集净化样品,应用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对调味品中罗丹明B的暴露量进行调查,并进行风险分析。共采集调味品815批次,阳性样品33批次;其中,味椒盐阳性率35.3%,最高值为7.20mg/kg;辣椒干(粉)阳性率7.51%,最高值为22.6mg/kg;花椒干(粉)阳性率4.55%,最高值为0.0126mg/kg;辣椒酱阳性率1.50%,最高值为0.14mg/kg;酱阳性率1.15%,最高值为0.22mg/kg。研究结果表明:味椒盐、辣椒干(粉)、花椒干(粉)阳性率较高,具有较大的食用风险,建议在日后的研究和监控中重点关注。  相似文献   

6.
应用MonteCarlo模拟技术定量评估我国人群通过食用水产品途径的甲醛膳食暴露状况。结果表明,我国城乡普通居民通过食用水产品途径的甲醛暴露水平较低,且通过食用水产品途径城市人群摄入甲醛面临的健康风险高于农村人群;不同年龄群体的膳食暴露量存在差异,幼年消费者(2~13岁)的暴露量均高于成年人;7岁前,女孩的暴露水平高于男孩,7岁后,男孩的暴露水平高于女孩。我国普通居民仅通过食用水产品途径摄入甲醛对人体健康状况造成风险的可能性不大,但是幼儿、儿童是食用水产品途径甲醛暴露的敏感性群体,应在后续的风险管理过程中应给予足够的关注和重视。   相似文献   

7.
应用MonteCarlo模拟技术定量评估我国人群通过食用水产品途径的甲醛膳食暴露状况。结果表明,我国城乡普通居民通过食用水产品途径的甲醛暴露水平较低,且通过食用水产品途径城市人群摄入甲醛面临的健康风险高于农村人群;不同年龄群体的膳食暴露量存在差异,幼年消费者(2~13岁)的暴露量均高于成年人;7岁前,女孩的暴露水平高于男孩,7岁后,男孩的暴露水平高于女孩。我国普通居民仅通过食用水产品途径摄入甲醛对人体健康状况造成风险的可能性不大,但是幼儿、儿童是食用水产品途径甲醛暴露的敏感性群体,应在后续的风险管理过程中应给予足够的关注和重视。  相似文献   

8.
深圳市食品中铅污染的暴露量评估   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的 了解2004-2006年深圳市各类食品中铅污染水平,根据每标准人日各类食物的撮入量数据,评估深圳市民铅暴露的安全性.方法 采用中国食品污染物监测研究方法,制定深圳市食品污染物监测工作方案,用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法检测食品中铅的含量,并按2002年广东省居民膳食营养调查中各类食物的摄入量与实测食品中铅的含量相乘得到食品中铅的实际摄入量.采用联合国粮农组织和世界卫生组织食品添加剂联合专家委员会推荐的暂定每周允许摄入量(FIWI)值评价深圳市居民膳食中铅摄入的安全性.结果 12类食品中铅的均值为0.013~1.568 mg/kg,除粮食、水产品、豆制品外,其余食品铅的检测值有不同程度的上升,其中以蔬菜及蛋制品上升的幅度最大;三年来深圳居民膳食铅的一般摄入量及占暂定每周允许摄入量(PTWI)的百分比分别为:96.11μg (44.85%)、106.16 μg(49.54%)和101.42 μg(47.33%),但膳食铅的偏高摄入量及占PTWI的百分比分别为:362.85 μg (169.56%)、408.32 μg(190.80%)和393.99 μg(183.85%);膳食中铅主要来源为粮食、蔬菜、畜肉和蛋及蛋制品(占80%以上).结论 深圳市食品中铅的平均暴露量是安全的,但偏高暴露量超过PTWI一倍以上.  相似文献   

9.
白酒中塑化剂的检测方法及控制策略   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
白酒是中国特有的一种蒸馏酒。酒精含量较高,深受人们喜爱。近年来白酒产业年销售已突破二万亿。但近日的白酒塑化剂事件给白酒行业蒙上了一层阴影。本文就白酒中塑化剂进行综述,对白酒中塑化剂的检测方法,产生原因及如何进行有效的控制提出一些思路。   相似文献   

10.
食品接触材料PVC中塑化剂迁移规律研究及迁移模型建立   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
运用同位素内标稀释结合气相色谱质谱方法检测PVC中的塑化剂DIBP、DBP、 DEHP和DEHA。以3 %乙酸、10 %、20 %、50 %、95 %乙醇作为食品模拟溶液,在25 ℃及40 ℃条件下对PVC中四种塑化剂的迁移情况进行研究。另外以Fick第二扩散定律为依据建立PVC中塑化剂的迁移规律数学模型。同时评价模型的可行性,从而提供有效的食品安全性评价。  相似文献   

11.
    
《Journal of dairy science》2022,105(3):1978-1998
Psychrotolerant gram-negative bacteria introduced as post-pasteurization contamination (PPC) are a major cause of spoilage and reduced shelf life of high-temperature, short-time pasteurized fluid milk. To provide improved tools to (1) predict pasteurized fluid milk shelf life as influenced by PPC and (2) assess the effectiveness of different potential interventions that could reduce spoilage due to PPC, we developed a Monte Carlo simulation model that predicts fluid milk spoilage due to psychrotolerant gram-negative bacteria introduced as PPC. As a first step, 17 gram-negative bacterial isolates frequently associated with fluid milk spoilage were selected and used to generate growth data in skim milk broth at 6°C. The resulting growth parameters, frequency of isolation for the 17 different isolates, and initial concentration of bacteria in milk with PPC, were used to develop a Monte Carlo model to predict bacterial number at different days of shelf life based on storage temperature of milk. This model was then validated with data from d 7 and 10 of shelf life, collected from commercial operations. The validated model predicted that the parameters (1) maximum growth rate and (2) storage temperature had the greatest influence on the percentage of containers exceeding 20,000 cfu/mL standard plate count on d 7 and 10 (i.e., spoiling due to PPC), which indicates that accurate data on maximum growth rate and storage temperature are important for accurate predictions. In addition to allowing for prediction of fluid milk shelf life, the model allows for simulation of “what-if” scenarios, which allowed us to predict the effectiveness of different interventions to reduce overall fluid milk spoilage due to PPC through a set of proof-of-concept scenario (e.g., frequency of PPC in containers reduced from 100% to 10%; limiting distribution temperature to a maximum of 6°C). Combined with other models, such as previous models on fluid milk spoilage due to psychrotolerant spore-forming bacteria, the data and tools developed here will allow for rational, digitally enabled, fluid milk shelf life prediction and quality enhancement.  相似文献   

12.
建立了一种同时测定婴幼儿乳粉中16种邻苯二甲酸酯类迁移物的气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)检测方法。采用超纯水将婴幼儿乳粉中的邻苯二甲酸酯类物质复溶,通过正己烷提取净化后采用气相色谱一质谱选择离子检测模式(SIM)进行定量分析。当加标水平在0.2~5.0mg/kg时,16种邻苯二甲酸酯类物质均呈现良好的线性关系,相关性系数均大于0.995。回收率为75.0%~107.6%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.68%~6.10%。该方法操作简便、检测时间短、重现性好,适用于同时检测婴幼儿乳粉中16种邻苯二甲酸酯类物质。  相似文献   

13.
张怡 《食品工业科技》2017,(14):276-279
本文主要研究了贮藏温度(5、25和35℃)对全脂羊奶粉品质稳定性的影响。通过测定全脂羊奶粉的酸值(AV)、过氧化值(POV值)、硫代巴比妥酸值(TBA值)、溶解度、色值等指标反应贮藏期间品质的变化。结果表明,贮藏在35℃的全脂羊奶粉贮藏期间酸值、过氧化值、TBA值变化速率较快,分别于第4个月后、第2个月后、第3个月后显著高于贮藏在5℃和25℃的全脂羊奶粉(p<0.05);所有样品的溶解度和色值变化规律相似,但差异不显著(p>0.05)。因此降低贮藏温度可提高全脂羊奶粉品质稳定性。   相似文献   

14.
《食品工业科技》2013,(01):327-329
采用加速氧化的方法研究水分活度对全脂羊奶粉贮藏期间脂肪稳定性的影响。通过测定全脂羊奶粉的酸值、过氧化值、硫代巴比妥酸值(TBA)、颜色等指标评价全脂羊奶粉贮藏期间的氧化状况。结果表明,水分活度为0.32的全脂羊奶粉贮藏期间酸值、TBA值显著高于水分活度为0.11和0.23的全脂羊奶粉(p<0.05),且水分活度为0.32的全脂羊奶粉过氧化值变化速率较快(p<0.05),且褐变严重。因此,降低全脂羊奶粉的水分活度可以提高其贮藏稳定性。   相似文献   

15.
采用加速氧化的方法研究充氮包装对全脂羊奶粉贮藏期间脂肪氧化稳定性的影响。通过测定全脂羊奶粉的酸值、过氧化值、硫代巴比妥酸值(TBA)、色度值等指标评价全脂羊奶粉贮藏期间脂肪的分解氧化状况。结果表明:充氮包装的全脂羊奶粉贮藏期间酸值、TBA值和色度值变化趋势较慢,分别于第6周后、第3周后、第7周后显著低于普通包装的全脂羊奶粉(p<0.05);充氮包装的全脂羊奶粉的过氧化值于第7周达到最高值13.54mmol/kg脂肪,变化速率显著小于普通包装的全脂羊奶粉(p<0.01)。说明充氮包装可延缓酸值、过氧化值、TBA值和色度值的变化速率,显著提高全脂羊奶粉脂肪的氧化稳定性。   相似文献   

16.
采用气相质谱联用对100、70与50℃条件下10种邻苯二甲酸酯类物质从微波纸和牛皮纸向脂肪类模拟物Tenax和奶粉中的迁移行为进行了研究。以温度、分子结构、纸张特性等为主要考虑因素,探究了邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的迁移行为。结果表明,邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的迁移行为受温度、时间、纸张特性、分子量等因素影响,一般随着温度的升高、纸张克重及厚度减小、分子量的降低,最大迁移率越高,但迁移率也受到分子结构及迁移底物的影响。   相似文献   

17.
Psychrotolerant spore-forming bacteria represent a major challenge regarding microbial spoilage of fluid milk. These organisms can survive most conventional pasteurization regimens and subsequently germinate and grow to spoilage levels during refrigerated storage. To improve predictions of fluid milk shelf life and assess different approaches to control psychrotolerant spore-forming bacteria in the fluid milk production and processing continuum, we developed a predictive model of spoilage of fluid milk due to germination and growth of psychrotolerant spore-forming bacteria. We characterized 14 psychrotolerant spore-formers, representing the most common Bacillales subtypes isolated from raw and pasteurized milk, for ability to germinate from spores and grow in skim milk broth at 6°C. Complete growth curves were obtained by determining total bacterial count and spore count every 24 h for 30 d. Based on growth curves at 6°C, probability distributions of initial spore counts in bulk tank raw milk, and subtype frequency in bulk tank raw milk, a Monte Carlo simulation model was created to predict spoilage patterns in high temperature, short time-pasteurized fluid milk. Monte Carlo simulations predicted that 66% of half-gallons (1,900 mL) of high temperature, short time fluid milk would reach a cell density greater than 20,000 cfu/mL after 21 d of storage at 6°C, consistent with current spoilage patterns observed in commercial products. Our model also predicted that an intervention that reduces initial spore loads by 2.2 Log10 most probable number/mL (e.g., microfiltration) can extend fluid milk shelf life by 4 d (end of shelf life was defined here as the first day when the mean total bacterial count exceeded 20,000 cfu/mL). This study not only provides a baseline understanding of the growth rates of psychrotolerant spore-formers in fluid milk, it also provides a stochastic model of spoilage by these organisms over the shelf life of fluid milk, which will ultimately allow for the assessment of different approaches to reduce fluid milk spoilage.  相似文献   

18.
分别研究了各4种不同品种的全脂乳粉和脱脂乳粉在1kHz~10MHz波段的介电特性。结果发现:随着频率的增加,全脂乳粉和脱脂乳粉的ξ’和ξ″值呈单调递减趋势;全脂乳粉的ξ’和ξ″值都高于脱脂乳粉,相同类型乳粉各品种间的ξ’和ξ″差异不大;全脂乳粉的ξ″值在103~105Hz频率段减小趋势明显,且ξ″值的对数与频率的对数成线性反比关系,而脱脂乳粉无此规律;全脂乳粉和脱脂乳粉的穿透深度Dp随频率的提高而减小,两类乳粉的介电特性差异可能与它们各自的脂肪和乳糖含量有关。  相似文献   

19.
    
ABSTRACT:  Flavor variability and stability of U.S.-produced whole milk powder (WMP) are important parameters for maximizing quality and global competitiveness of this commodity. This study characterized flavor and flavor stability of domestic WMP. Freshly produced (<1 mo) WMP was collected from 4 U.S. production facilities 5 times over a 1 y period. Each sample was analyzed initially and every 2 mo for sensory profile, volatiles, color, water activity, and moisture through 12 mo storage. Selected volatiles were quantified using solid phase microextraction (SPME) with gas chromatography/mass-spectrometry: dimethyl sulfide, 2-methylbutanal, 3-methylbutanal, hexanal, 2-heptanone, heptanal, 1-octen-3-ol, octanal, 3-octen-2-one, and nonanal. Multiple linear regression with backwards elimination was applied to generate equations to predict grassy and painty flavors based on selected volatiles. All WMP were between 2% and 3% moisture and 0.11 and 0.25 water activity initially. WMP varied in initial flavor profiles with varying levels of cooked, milk fat, and sweet aromatic flavors. During storage, grassy and painty flavors developed while sweet aromatic flavor intensities decreased ( P  < 0.05). Painty and grassy flavors were confirmed by increased levels ( P  < 0.05) of lipid oxidation products such as hexanal, heptanal, and octanal. Hexanal, 2-heptanone, 1-octen-3-ol, and nonanal concentrations were best predictors of grassy flavor ( R 2= 0.38,  P  < 0.0001) while hexanal, 2-methylbutanal, 3-methylbutanal, octanal, and 3-octen-2-one concentrations were best predictors of painty flavor ( R 2= 0.61,  P  < 0.0001). These results provide baseline information to determine specific factors that can be controlled to optimize U.S. WMP flavor and flavor stability.  相似文献   

20.
为调查陕西省生鲜羊奶及羊奶粉品质随月份的变化规律,明确生鲜羊奶和羊奶粉品质之间的相关关系,该研究以2020年4月至11月某乳品企业在陕西不同地区的奶站收购的生鲜羊奶及其加工羊奶粉为试验样品,对其感官、理化和安全指标进行分析.结果表明,生鲜羊奶和羊奶粉在感官指标方面均符合国家标准要求;在理化指标方面,生鲜羊奶脂肪含量为3...  相似文献   

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