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1.
木质素是制浆造纸工业的副产物,具有优良的物理化学特性,若得不到充分利用,变成了制浆造纸工业中的主要污染源之一,不仅造成严重的环境污染,而且也造成资源的重大浪费。因此,如何有效利用好木质素这种可再生资源已成为科研工作者研究的出发点。木质素具有广阔的应用前景,加强研究与应用开发对促进资源充分利用、保护环境与制浆造纸协调持续发展有重大意义。  相似文献   

2.
木质素的结构及其应用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
王廷平  刘存海 《西南造纸》2006,35(5):13-14,17
木质素是制浆造纸工业的副产物,具有优良的物理化学特点,若得不到充分利用。变成了制浆造纸工业中的主要污染源之一.不仅造成严重的环境污染.而且也造成资源的重大浪费。因此,如何有效利用好木质素这种可再生资源已成为科研工作者研究的出发点。木质素具有广阔的应用前景,加强研究与应用开发对促进资源充分利用、环境保护与制浆造纸协调持续发展有重大意义。  相似文献   

3.
伍胜  李新平 《上海造纸》2005,36(4):53-57
该文指出自然界中作为仅次于纤维素产量的木质素有望成为未来世界较有影响力的一种可再生资源.概述了蒸煮废液中木质素及其改性衍生物在水泥、建筑工程、农业、石油、造纸工业及塑料中的应用.对制浆废液中木质素的资源化利用对于环境保护及促进造纸工业的可持续发展均有重要的意义.  相似文献   

4.
木质素的应用研究现状与进展   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
简要地描述了在制浆造纸行业中木质素结构的研究进展,并比较详细的介绍了木质素工业应用的研究现状。从制浆废水中提取的木质素及其衍生物在农业、石油化工、水泥及混凝土工业、塑料和高分子材料等工业中有着很广泛的应用。指出作为仅次于纤维素产量的木质素有望成为未来世界比较有影响力的一种可再生资源。对制浆废液中的木质素进行综合利用能在一定程度上减轻造纸工业的污染。  相似文献   

5.
制浆废水中木质素的资源化利用   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
简要地描述了在制浆造纸行业中木质素结构的研究进展。并比较详细的介绍了天然植物原料中木质素的应用研究状况。从制浆废水中提取的木质素及其衍生物在农业、石油化工、水泥及混凝土工业、塑料和高分子材料等工业中有着很广泛的应用。指出作为仅次于纤维素产量的木质素有望成为未来世界比较有影响力的一种可再生资源。对制浆废液中的木质素进行综合利用能在一定程度上减轻制浆造纸工业的污染状况。  相似文献   

6.
<正>在过去的十年里,副产品利用被公认是一种很有前途的清洁技术,在学术界和工业领域都引起极大关注。目前工业界正经受来自资源系统需要的改进现有工艺或寻找新的废物利用方法的强制要求。工业部门(如制浆造纸工业、肉品工业)产生的废物和副产品可作为生产有利用价值制品的可再生资源。本文主要介绍了近年来皮革生产中利用副产品的研究进展。这项研究是对利用制浆造纸工业副产品黑液作为皮革填料的性能进行评估。对黑液进行  相似文献   

7.
利用转基因植物从源头改善制浆造纸工业污染的研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文分析了中国制浆造纸工业污染现状,综述了国际上有关生物技术在防治造纸污染方面的研究进展,着重介绍了木质素分子生物学以及利用转基因植物降低造纸原料中木质素含量的研究趋势和我们的对策。  相似文献   

8.
木质素改性与木质素水煤浆添加剂   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7  
介绍了造纸工业副产品——工业木质素的几种改性方法及其在制备水煤浆添加剂中的应用,并从分散剂的作用机理及工业木质素的分子构型、分子量、关键性官能团和化学性能出发,提出了木质素高效水煤浆添加剂的改性思路,对于可再生资源木质素的利用、水煤浆技术的发展和环境保护有重要意义。  相似文献   

9.
木质素是自然界中含量第二丰富的天然高分子聚合物,也是芳香族化合物中少有的可再生资源之一,作为制浆造纸行业的主要副产物,工业木质素价廉易得。鉴于木质素自身的三维网状结构及丰富的醇羟基、酚羟基、双键等活性官能团,其具备了抗菌、抗炎、吸附等诸多优势,是制备水凝胶的理想选材。但遗憾的是由于木质素结构复杂、空间阻力大、反应活性不足,其提纯处理较为困难、高值化和产业化利用水平较低。利用木质素及其衍生物制备水凝胶既拓宽了其应用范围,又能较好解决现阶段合成高分子水凝胶存在的生物相容性差等问题。基于此,本文从木质素的结构和性质出发、归纳了木质素基水凝胶材料的主要制备方法及优缺点,总结了其在生物医学、污水处理、农业、电子器件等方面的应用现状,并进一步提出了木质素基水凝胶材料现阶段研究中存在的局限性和今后可能的研究前景。  相似文献   

10.
李忠正 《中华纸业》2006,27(2):6-11
讨论了中国造纸原料的现状和问题,合理利用草类原料的必要性,进一步扩大利用草类原料的问题和对策。论述了草类纤维特性与木材的差异,以及造成其制浆造纸工艺与方法等一系列特殊性,这种差异主要表现在:禾草类纤维生物结构和化学组成的不均匀性造成其制浆过程和产品的特殊性;草类纤维木质素结构的特性,造成草类纤维的制浆过程与木材制浆的差异;草类木质素在纤维细胞中分布特征,造成草类纤维与木材制浆脱木质素局部化学特性的差异;草浆蒸煮黑液的物理化学特性,造成草浆碱回收困难。  相似文献   

11.
纤维素吸附剂的研制和应用   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
纤维素是地球上丰富的再生性资源,利用改性后的纤维素作为吸附剂,是实现对植物资源的高附加值利用的重要途径之一.本文综合叙述了纤维素吸附剂的化学制备方法及其应用研究现状,并讨论了纤维素吸附剂的发展趋势.  相似文献   

12.
木质素基吸附剂的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
木质素是具有三维无定型结构的天然高分子聚合物,以木质素为原料制备的木质素基吸附剂是木质素增值利用的重要途径之一。通过改性、复合等手段制备的生物炭、微球、凝胶等类型木素基吸附剂在工业废水处理方面有着广泛的应用。本文综述了木质素纤维化处理、制备活性炭、磁化处理等未改性木质素基吸附剂,胺化、磺化、酯化、接枝、共聚等手段处理的改性木质素基吸附剂以及与壳聚糖、甲壳素、TiO2、SiO2等物质复合制备的木质素基复合材料吸附剂的研究进展,并对木素基吸附剂的应用前景进行了展望。  相似文献   

13.
球形纤维素吸附剂的研究现状及发展趋势   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
纤维素是地球上最丰富的、可以再生的天然资源,具有价廉、可降解并对环境不产生污染等特点,因此世界各国都十分重视对纤维素的研究与开发。改性纤维素类吸附剂是目前纤维素功能高分子材料的重要发展方向之一。本文主要利用现有的文献资料从纤维素的溶解、纤维素珠体的研制以及球形再生纤维素的功能化等三个方面综合阐述了球形纤维素吸附剂的研究现状,并讨论了球形纤维素吸附剂的发展趋势。  相似文献   

14.
Removal of chlorophenols using industrial wastes   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
Development of inexpensive adsorbents from industrial wastes for the treatment of wastewaters is an important area in environmental sciences. Blast furnace slag, dust and sludge from steel plants, and carbon slurry from fertilizer plants after their treatment have been utilized as inexpensive adsorbents for the removal of phenols, which are an important class of pollutants as they are highly toxic. The characterization of the four adsorbents prepared has shown that the carbonaceous adsorbent prepared from carbon slurry possesses high porosity and maximum surface area (380 m2/g) as compared to the other three adsorbents (4-28 m2/g). The adsorption of four phenols (phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol, and 2,4-dichlorophenol) on these adsorbents is parallel to their porosity and surface area order. The uptake of the phenols on carbonaceous adsorbent is substantial and found to be 17.2, 50.3, 57.4, and 132.5 mg/g for phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol, and 2,4-dichlorophenol, respectively. The detailed adsorption studies on carbonaceous adsorbent have indicated that the adsorption process follows the Langmuir isotherm, is first order, and is pore diffusion controlled. As adsorption of phenols on prepared carbonaceous adsorbent is significant, its performance has been evaluated with respect to standard activated charcoal. The results indicate that the phenols removal efficiency of carbonaceous adsorbent is about 45% to that of a standard activated charcoal sample. Thus, the carbonaceous adsorbent can be used for the removal of phenols as a low-cost alternative (approximately 0.1 U.S. dollars/kg) to activated charcoal.  相似文献   

15.
The use of sewage sludge as a precursor of adsorbent/ catalyst materials for environmental applications has been encouraged during the past few years. Due to the heterogeneous nature of sludges, there exists a lack of information regarding the characteristics of these low-cost precursors and how their physicochemical properties affect the final performance of materials prepared from them. In this work, three sewage-sludges collected at WWTPs with assorted sludge/wastewater treatment schemes were used as precursors of adsorbents/catalysts for H2S removal at room temperature. All the solidswere characterized to establish their textural properties and chemical composition, including the speciation of the adsorbents/ catalysts inorganic fraction. Thermal treatment (gasification) of the raw (dried) sludges increased the H2S removal ability in all cases. For these thermally treated materials, catalytic conversion to elemental sulfur and sulfate moieties was found to be the main route of H2S removal. Results indicate that adsorbents based on an iron/calcium-containing sludge were the most reactive and exhibited the highest capacities for H2S retention. Forthis particulartype of sludge, a reasonably good performance was observed even when the dried (raw) sludge was used as adsorbent/ catalyst. Alternatively, the oxidation of H2S by chars obtained from the other two sludges under study was related to their textural properties.  相似文献   

16.
Lignin is the main by-product of pulp and papermaking and is not effectively utilized. Conversion of industrial lignins into value-added materials is beneficial for the effective utilization of resources as well as for environmental protection. Because of their adsorptivity, slow-release property,biocompatibility, and biodegradability, lignin and its derivatives find potential applications as eco-friendly slow/controlled release materials in agricultural fields. This report reviews the recent research advances in lignin-based slow/controlled release fertilizers and pesticides.  相似文献   

17.
国家高度重视节粮减损工作,强调采取多项措施降低粮食损失。真菌毒素污染造成了粮油和饲料资源的损失,并严重威胁人类和畜禽健康。采用物理、化学和生物法可以脱除真菌毒素,提高饲料资源的利用价值,其中吸附剂吸附是通过吸附剂和真菌毒素稳定结合成复合体的脱毒方式。对传统吸附剂的多重改性、新型吸附材料的开发显著提升了脱毒效果。综述真菌毒素吸附剂的种类及其在粮油饲料中使用效果的评价方法,简要介绍了铝硅酸盐类、碳材料、有机高分子、生物吸附剂和新型吸附材料等真菌毒素吸附剂的改性方法,重点介绍了体外法、人工胃肠液体外模拟和动物试验在真菌毒素吸附剂有效性和安全性评价中的应用,可以为新型高效真菌毒素吸附剂的开发、科学应用及其吸附机制解析提供参考。  相似文献   

18.
针对木质素作为生物质阻燃材料化学结构复杂、阻燃效率较低等问题,对国内外木质素在阻燃材料中的研究现状进行了综述,主要介绍了常见的4类木质素阻燃剂:单组分木质素阻燃剂、复配型木质素阻燃剂、化学改性木质素阻燃剂和纳米木质素阻燃剂,分析了木质素在阻燃体系中发挥的作用以及存在的问题;对各类阻燃剂的特点和阻燃机制进行阐述,以及木质素作为生物质阻燃材料的发展方向进行总结和展望;最后指出在4类阻燃剂中,复配型木质素阻燃剂和化学改性木质素阻燃剂阻燃性能比较优异,将木质素与其他物质复配以及对木质素进行结构改性将成为未来研究的重点。  相似文献   

19.
Fifteen solid materials with variable origin and various adsorption properties for retention of mycotoxins were tested—mineral materials, organic polymers and chemical modified silica gels that are used in widespread separation techniques. Some filtration materials currently utilized in brewing technology for beer clarifying and filtration were also examined. Adsorbents have been investigated in model and real samples (beer) and evaluated on the basis of adsorption capacity for ochratoxin A and fumonisin B1 and B2. Mentioned mycotoxins are commonly present in beers and may increase the risk on human health in high beer-consuming countries. The ability of adsorbent to retain mycotoxins on its surface was evaluated as micrograms of mycotoxin per one gram of adsorbent or as percentage of mycotoxin adsorbed. The experiments were accomplished in dynamic mode, which is mostly applied in beer production. The quality profile of beer after treatment with adsorbents in connection with high efficiency of mycotoxins’ removal was also considered. The main beer qualitative attributes such as pH value, color, iso-alpha acids were defined. As perspective adsorbents has shown to be carbon and modified silica gels. The retention of ochratoxin A on carbon was 90–96% in range of carbon dosages 2.5–6.5 g/l, and its retention on modified silica gels alters in scope of 64–94%. The retentive effect of fumonisin B1 and B2 on modified silica gels reached 74–100% in dependence on adsorbent dosage. Most changes underwent iso-alpha acids likely in consequence of retention on adsorbents together with mycotoxins. To achieve the scheduled goals the sensitive HPLC methods with fluorescence detection were used.  相似文献   

20.
Lignin is the most abundant aromatic compound found in nature. The rich functional groups of lignin are responsible for its antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-ultraviolet, and biocompatible properties. As modified lignin has a higher molecular weight, water solubility, and better surface activity, it is a good candidate for the construction of new biological materials. Lignin-based hydrogels are a type of functional materials with broad application prospects in the biomedical field. This review aimed to introduce the biological properties of lignin and the application of lignin-based hydrogels in the biological field.  相似文献   

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