评定高效液相色谱法测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中乳铁蛋白含量的不确定度

目的 对高效液相色谱法测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中乳铁蛋白含量的不确定度进行分析。方法 通过对实验过程中所用标准物质、样品处理过程、测量重复性以及回收率4个方面进行不确定度分析, 建立了不确定度的模型, 计算合成不确定度、扩展不确定度。结果 当乳铁蛋白的含量为64.9 mg/100 g时, 高效液相色谱法测定婴幼儿乳粉中乳铁蛋白含量的合成不确定度为0.023, 扩展不确定度为1.5 mg/100 g, 乳粉中乳铁蛋白含量的测定结果为(64.9±1.5) mg/100 g, (k=2, P=95%)。结论 本次评定揭示了该检测方法对结果影响最大的因素是标准溶液及工作液的制备过程, 因此在此过程中应严格按规范进行操作, 从而使检测结果更加准确可靠。     

高效液相色谱法测定乳粉中叶黄素含量不确定度评定

目的评定高效液相色谱法测定乳粉中叶黄素的测量结果的不确定度。方法根据GB5009.248—2016《食品安全国家标准食品中叶黄素的测定》中的方法检测乳粉中的叶黄素,分析与量化高效液相色谱法测定乳粉中叶黄素的实验过程,对标准溶液,样品前处理,标准曲线拟合,仪器重复进样等方面进行不确定度分析,建立数学模型,最终合成乳粉中叶黄素含量的不确定度。结果在95%的置信区间下,乳粉中叶黄素含量的测定结果的扩展不确定度为26μg/100g,乳粉中叶黄素含量测定结果为(194±26)μg/100g,k=2。结论在叶黄素含量测定过程中,最小二乘法拟合标准曲线产生的不确定度在该法中影响最大,即标准溶液曲线所涉及到的浓度值是影响测量不确定度的主要因素。     

乳粉中脂肪含量测定的不确定度评定

目的评定碱水解法测定乳粉中脂肪含量的不确定度评定的方法。方法根据GB 5413.3-2013《食品安全国家标准婴幼儿食品和乳品中脂肪的测定》和JJF 1059.1-2006《测定不确定度的评定与表示》建立不确定度模型,运用《测量不确定度评定与表示指南》,分析该方法测定中各不确定因素,对乳粉中脂肪含量的不确定度进行评定。结果乳粉中脂肪含量为21.2 g/100 g,不确定度为0.34 g/100 g,脂肪含量表示为:(21.2±0.34)g/100 g,k=2。结论通过分析各分量的相对不确定度,找出检测过程中的关键环节,对实验进行优化,能有效提高检测工作的质量和效率,帮助检验人员确定测定结果的可靠程度,确保测定结果准确可靠。     

微生物法测定婴幼儿乳粉中泛酸质量分数的不确定度评定

根据CNAS-GL06:2006《化学分析中不确定度的评估指南》中提供的思路,对乳粉中泛酸含量测定数学模型中影响测定结果的变量进行分析,确定影响每一变量的不确定度分量并进行计算,合成标准不确定度和扩展不确定度。婴幼儿乳粉中泛酸质量分数测定结果为(2193±173.3)μg/100g,通过评定,影响泛酸质量分数测定结果的最主要不确定度分量为微生物因素。     

婴儿食品中牛磺酸含量测定及其不确定度分析

利用高效液相色谱法测定婴幼儿食品中牛磺酸的含量并根据《化学分析测量不确定度评定》和《测量不确定度评定与表示》中的有关规定对其进行测量不确定度的分析评估,最后进行标准不确定度的合成以及计算其扩展不确定度;婴幼儿食品中牛磺酸检测结果为(33.85±0.94)mg/100 g,k=2,p=95%,最低检出限为0.016 5 mg/100 g。     

高效液相色谱法测定婴幼儿乳粉中烟酰胺的不确定度评定

建立高效液相色谱法测定婴幼儿乳粉中烟酰胺不确定度的数学模型,并根据JJF 1135—2005《化学分析测量不确定度评定》和JJF 1059—1999《测量不确定度评定与表示》中的有关规定,逐层对乳粉中烟酰胺测量不确定度来源进行评估,最后给出合成标准不确定度和扩展不确定度;婴幼儿乳粉中烟酰胺测定结果为(63.01±3.50)mg/kg,k=2,p=95%。通过评定,提出影响检测结果的主要因素为样品前处理过程、标准溶液、标准曲线拟合等。     

HPLC法测定动物肝脏中维生素A含量的不确定度评定

分析高效液相色谱法测定动物肝脏中维生素A含量的不确定度来源和影响不确定度的因素,为简化评定方法和提高检测质量提供依据。根据JJF 1135-2005《化学分析测量不确定度评定》和JJF 1059.1-2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》中的有关规定,建立测定动物肝脏中维生素A含量的不确定度的数学模型,逐层对不确定度来源进行分析。由各不确定度分量评定结果可以看出,高效液相色谱法测定动物肝脏中维生素A的含量:当鸭肝中维生素A的含量为0.73 mg/100 g时,其扩展不确定度为0.04 mg/100 g(k=2);当猪肝中维生素A的含量为1.12 mg/100 g时,其扩展不确定度为0.06 mg/100 g(k=2);当鸡肝中维生素A的含量为1.97 mg/100 g时,其扩展不确定度为0.12 mg/100 g(k=2)。高效液相色谱法测定动物肝脏中维生素A含量的不确定度主要由重复测定、标准溶液配制、样品测定和校准曲线拟合等因素引入。     

气相色谱法测定婴幼儿乳粉中肌醇含量的不确定度评定

目的分析气相色谱法测定婴幼儿乳粉中肌醇含量的不确定度。方法通过分析与量化气相色谱法测定肌醇含量的实验过程,对标准物质、样品处理过程、测量重复性及分析仪器4个方面进行不确定度分析,建立不确定度的数学模型,计算合成不确定度,得到扩展不确定度和置信水平。结果气相色谱法测定婴幼儿乳粉中肌醇含量的合成不确定度为0.94 mg/100 g,扩展不确定度为1.88 mg/100 g,乳粉中肌醇含量的测定结果为(65.5±1.88)mg/100 g。结论本方法适用于婴幼儿乳粉中肌醇的不确定度分析,通过揭示实际检测过程中不确定度的来源,有效把握实验过程的质量控制,提高检测结果的可靠性,增强测量结果之间的可比性。     

婴幼儿乳粉中二十碳四烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸的测量不确定度评定

按照GB 5009.168-2016《食品安全国家标准食品中脂肪酸的测定》第一法(内标法),采用气相色谱法对婴幼儿乳粉中二十碳四烯酸(arachidonic acid, ARA)和二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoic acid, DHA)的含量进行测定,并通过建立测量过程的数学模型,分析不确定来源,评定不确定度分量,对测定结果的不确定度进行评定。结果表明,被测婴幼儿乳粉中ARA和DHA含量为(48.7±2.2)mg/100g和(27.6±1.2) mg/100g(k=2,P=95%)。通过对不确定度的来源分析可知,样品的重复性测定和气相色谱仪的定量误差引入的不确定度比重最大。     

微生物法测定婴幼儿乳粉中维生素B12含量的不确定度评定

目的建立微生物法测定婴幼儿乳粉中维生素B₁₂含量的不确定评定方法。方法依据JJF1059.1—2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》及GB 5413.14—2010《食品安全国家标准婴幼儿食品和乳品中维生素B₁₂的测定》分析微生物法测定婴幼儿乳粉中维生素B₁₂含量过程中产生的各测量不确定度分量,计算测量结果的合成标准不确定度和扩展不确定度。结果当样品中维生素B₁₂含量为3.97μg/100 g时,其扩展不确定度为0.53μg/100 g(k=2)。结论标准溶液配制和标准曲线拟合计算待测溶液含量产生的不确定度对检测结果影响较大。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.