菌株F21来源α-淀粉酶的酶学性质研究

该研究对菌株F21所产的α-淀粉酶进行纯化和酶学性质研究。 通过硫酸铵盐析、疏水层析等方法纯化后,α-淀粉酶酶活达到 4 616.3 U/mL。 酶学性质研究表明,该酶最适pH值为4.8,最适温度为55 ℃,且酶在pH 4.0～9.0及低于45 ℃的条件下稳定性较高;Ca2+ 对酶活有较强激活作用,Fe2+及Fe3+对酶活有较强的抑制作用。     

Bacillus subtilis AS35发酵麦糟产β-葡聚糖酶粗酶性质的研究

研究了由Bacillus subtilis AS35发酵麦糟制备的β-葡聚糖酶的性质,研究表明,该酶在55℃~65℃时酶活力较高,最适反应温度为60℃;最适反应pH值为5.5,在pH值为4.0~7.0时有较高的稳定性,在4℃保存24h后,残余酶活超过85%;在1mmol/L的浓度条件下,Fe2+、Co2+、Ca2+,尤其是Co2+对酶活性有明显的激活作用;Pb2+、Fe3+、A13+对酶活性有明显的抑制作用。     

纤维素酶高产担子菌株的筛选鉴定及酶学性质初探

从河北省棉田土壤样中分离出一株纤维素酶高产菌株,经中科院微生物所鉴定,初步确定为一株担子菌(a basidiomycetous specie),将其命名为担子菌LKY01.对该菌株酶学性质进行了初步探索.研究表明,本酶反应最适pH值为5.0左右;最适反应温度约60℃;Co2+、Mn2+对本酶酶活有明显的抑制作用,Cu2+、Fe2+、Ca2+、Na+、K+、Sr2+、Mg2+对本酶有一定的促进作用;在50℃下本酶有较好的稳定性,其酸碱稳定范围在pH 4.0～8.0.     

郫县豆瓣曲曲霉的筛选、分子鉴定及其酶学性质的研究

以自然接种的瓣曲为研究对象,应用示踪和基于基质特性组合的菌种筛选技术,筛选出适合其酿造特性的分离株No17.通过形态学观察和26S rDNA、ITS序列的分子生物学鉴定,该分离株为Aspergillus oryzae,命名为A.oryzae SZP17.该菌株的中性蛋白酶和α-淀粉酶的酶学性质研究表明,中性蛋白酶的最适反应温度为40℃,20℃～40℃时比较稳定,最适反应pH值为7.5,耐酸性较强,Cu2+和Mn2+对其具有激活作用,Fe3+和Fe2+对其具有抑制作用.α-淀粉酶的最适反应温度为60℃,低于50℃比较稳定,最适反应pH值为6.0,pH值>7.5时易失活,各种金属离子对其酶活影响较小.     

三七渣固态发酵所产淀粉酶的酶学特性研究

考察了黑曲霉固态发酵三七渣所产淀粉酶的酶学特性。研究结果表明,该淀粉酶的最适温度为60℃;当温度为30~50℃时,具有较好的热稳定性,保温处理2 h后其酶活仍可保持在90%以上;其最适pH为5.0;当pH为3.0~5.0时,具有较好的pH稳定性,在4℃冷藏保存2 h后其酶活仍可保持在80%以上;Mn2+对该淀粉酶有轻微的激活作用,K+、Na+、Mg2+、Fe3+、Zn2+和Ni2+对该淀粉酶有弱抑制作用,Cu2+则对其有强抑制作用。该淀粉酶米氏常数Km值为0.64 mg·mL-1,最大反应速率Vmax为0.45 mg/min。     

浓香型大曲中蛋白酶菌株的分离及酶学性质研究

从浓香型大曲中分离得到1株产蛋白酶优势菌株,并将该菌所产蛋白酶经硫酸铵分级沉淀、透析、吸附树脂处理,得到蛋白酶粗酶。对该酶的最适pH值、pH值稳定性、最适温度、温度稳定性、金属离子影响等进行研究。结果表明,该菌株产蛋白酶的最适pH值为7,pH值稳定性较差;最适温度为40℃,热稳定性随温度增加而降低;金属离子Li+和螯合剂EDTA对该酶具有抑制作用,金属离子Mn2+、Fe3+、Cu2+、K+、Zn2+、Mg2+、Ca2+等均对该酶具有激活作用,其中Zn2+对该酶的激活作用最强。     

红曲霉产生淀粉酶固态发酵条件的优化及部分酶学性质

以红曲霉M2为研究对象,在单因素试验的基础上,确定无机盐水添加量、培养时间、培养温度和培养基初始pH四个因素的取值范围,以生淀粉酶活力为指标设计正交试验优化了培养条件,并对最优条件下生淀粉酶的部分酶学性质进行了研究。结果表明:温度为32℃,pH值5.0,无机盐水量为14 mL,培养时间6 d时酶活最高可达445.37 u/g;该酶的最适反应温度为40℃,最适反应pH为5.0,在pH值为5.0⁷.0范围内较稳定,热稳定性较差,在60℃保温2 h残余酶活只有23.9%;Zn2+,Mn2+,Cu2+对该酶有促进作用,Ba2+和Fe3+对该酶有抑制作用,Na+,K+,Mg2+对该酶基本无影响。     

中国对虾蛋白酶性质的研究

采用酶学分析方法研究了中国对虾蛋白酶的性质。结果表明,该酶最适温度为60℃,最适pH为9.0,是一种碱性蛋白酶。此酶在50℃以下及pH 7.0~10.0稳定性较好。以酪蛋白为底物,蛋白酶的最适底物浓度为2%。60℃时,该酶的半衰期为22 min,70℃时则为7 min。低浓度的EDTA对酶活有抑制作用,Mn2+、Ca2+、Mg2+对蛋白酶有一定的激活作用,而Cu2+、Zn2+、Fe2+、Pb2+对酶活有不同程度的抑制作用,可推断该酶是一种金属蛋白酶。     

粗糙脉孢菌木聚糖酶酶学性质的研究

对粗糙脉孢菌木聚糖酶粗酶的酶学性质进行了研究,结果表明:该木聚糖酶的最适反应温度50℃、pH值为5.8,温度低于50%、pH 4.6～7.4时该酶稳定性较好;金属离子Ca2+、Mg2+、Mn2+、Fe2+对该酶的活性有促进作用,K+、Na+、Pb2+、Cu2+、Fe3+、Al3+对酶的活性有抑制作用;EDTA、SDS、DMSO对该酶活性的抑制作用较小;以木聚糖为底物的酶动力学常数Km和Vmax值分别为1.30g/L和1.35μmol/(min·mL).     

灰树花漆酶的双水相萃取及酶学性质

研究双水相萃取法分离灰树花漆酶。以PEG6000/(NH4)2SO4作为成相系统,通过单因素试验研究酶液添加量、PEG6000质量分数、(NH4)2SO4质量分数和体系pH对灰树花漆酶萃取效应的影响,并通过正交试验确定最佳萃取条件,同时进行纯化漆酶的酶学性质研究。结果表明,在pH为6时,PEG6000/(NH4)2SO4双水相萃取的最佳条件为:酶液添加量5%,PEG6000质量分数25%,(NH4)2SO4质量分数17%,此时漆酶的分配系数和酶活收率分别高达7.6和96.6%。纯化漆酶的最适反应温度和最适pH分别为45℃和2.97,在30~45℃和pH 3.5~5.0之间具有很好的稳定性。金属离子Cu2+、Zn2+、Mg2+、Mn2+、K+、Ca2+对漆酶酶活有促进作用,其中Cu2+和Mg2+的促进作用最显著,而Co2+、Fe2+、Na+对漆酶酶活有抑制作用,其中Fe2+的抑制作用最明显。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.