火炬树树叶清除自由基作用的研究

分别用DPPH法、TBA法和化学发光法测定了火炬树树叶提取物对自由基的清除作用。结果表明:火炬树树叶各提取物对DPPH自由基均有清除作用,其中以乙酸乙酯提取物的清除能力最强;各提取物对亚油酸脂质过氧化体系亦有良好的抑制作用,乙酸乙酯提取物的抑制作用强于水提取物。火炬树树叶水提物对碱性连苯三酚体系产生的超氧阴离子自由基(O2·)也有较强的清除作用。-     

香椿叶提取物不同极性部位体外抗氧化活性研究

目的研究香椿叶提取物不同极性部位的体外抗氧化活性.方法采用有机溶剂萃取法将香椿叶提取物分为石油醚相、氯仿相、乙酸乙酯相、正丁醇相和水相等5个不同极性部位,考察其总抗氧化力(TAC)及对羟自由基(·OH)、超氧自由基(O2·-)、DPPH自由基(DPPH·)和脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)的清除效果,比较香椿叶提取物不同极性部位的抗氧化作用.结果香椿叶提取物的不同极性部位均有抗氧化活性,呈显著剂量效应关系;其抗氧化效果因反应体系的不同而不同,且不同极性部位的抗氧化活性有差异.乙酸乙酯相和正丁醇相的TAC较氯仿相强,石油醚相和水相的TAC较小,乙酸乙酯相对·OH、O2·-及DPPH·的清除能力和抗脂质过氧化效果均好于L-抗坏血酸.结论香椿叶提取物的乙酸乙酯相和正丁醇相的抗氧化作用强,是天然抗氧化剂的良好来源,应对其进一步分离纯化.     

小麦麸皮不同提取物清除自由基的作用

研究小麦麸皮不同提取物对2,2-二苯基-1-苦肼基自由基(DPPH·),羟自由基(·OH)和超氧阴离子自由基(O2-·)的清除能力.利用3种不同溶剂(石油醚、乙醇、水)对小麦麸皮依次提取,并采用分光光度法测定各提取物对DPPH·、·OH和O2-·的清除效果.结果表明:乙醇提取物对DPPH·的清除能力(SC50为0.86g/L)最强;对·OH的清除能力,乙醇提取物(SC50为1.88 g/L)和石油醚提取物(SC50为1.94g/L)的清除效果较好,清除能力接近Vc;水提物对O2-·的清除效果(SC50为1.12g/L)强于其他两种提取物,清除能力与Vc相近.     

杭白菊不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性研究

本研究采用水、80%乙醇、乙酸乙酯和石油醚4种不同极性的溶剂对杭白菊进行提取,以总还原能力、DPPH·、O-2·和·OH清除率为指标,研究了所得4种杭白菊粗提物的抗氧化能力。结果表明:总还原能力由强到弱依次为80%乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯提取物水提物石油醚提取物;80%乙醇提取物清除自由基的能力最强,其清除DPPH·、O-2·、·OH的IC50值分别为0.33、0.44、0.34 mg/m L;石油醚提取物清除DPPH·、O-2·、·OH的能力最弱,清除DPPH·和·OH的能力均小于50%,清除O-2·的IC50值为0.85 mg/m L;水提物清除DPPH·、O-2·和·OH的IC50值分别为0.57、0.69、0.56 mg/m L;乙酸乙酯提取物清除·OH的能力小于50%,清除DPPH·、O-2·的IC50值分别为0.56、0.62 mg/m L。因此,不同杭白菊提取物均具有抗氧化作用,且抗氧化能力与其提取溶剂有关。     

鼠李糖乳杆菌发酵液中水溶蛋白的提取及其抗氧化活性研究

采用硫酸铵沉淀法获得鼠李糖乳杆菌B10发酵液中水溶蛋白粗提物,并进行葡聚糖凝胶SephadexG-100柱纯化,分离得到不同的蛋白组分峰Ⅰ、峰Ⅱ和峰Ⅲ,分别对各组分DPPH自由基清除能力、清除超氧自由基(O2-·)和羟自由基(·OH)的能力及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性进行分析。结果表明,纯化前后各样品均对DPPH·有清除作用,其中纯化后的峰Ⅰ对DPPH·清除能力最强,峰Ⅱ、峰Ⅲ次之,均高于水溶蛋白粗提物;纯化后的峰Ⅰ对O2-·和·OH的清除能力最强,均高于5mmol/L的Vc溶液和水溶蛋白粗提物对O2-·和·OH的清除作用,峰Ⅱ和峰Ⅲ均未检测到对O-·和·OH的清除能力。     

3种生态型宜昌百合鳞茎提取物的抗菌及抗氧化作用

采用比浊法、DPPH·法、羟自由基清除法、邻苯三酚自氧化法测定3种生态型宜昌百合和兰州百合鳞茎提取物对革兰氏阳性细菌(金黄色葡萄球菌)、革兰氏阴性细菌(变形杆菌、产气杆菌、大肠杆菌)的抑菌活性以及清除1,1-二苯基-2-苦苯肼自由基(DPPH·)、羟自由基(·OH)、超氧阴离子(O2-)的能力。试验结果表明:3种生态型宜昌百合和对照(兰州百合)鳞茎提取物对所有测试细菌和自由基均有抑制活性和清除能力,且宜昌百合鳞茎提取物的抑菌活性和清除自由基能力均强于兰州百合;3种生态型宜昌百合鳞茎提取物的抗菌和抗氧化能力存在差异:立节镇宜昌百合对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性最强,留坝县宜昌百合鳞茎提取物对变形杆菌的抑制活性最强,西乡县宜昌百合鳞茎提取物对产气杆菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌活性均高于其他2个生态型的宜昌百合。当提取物质量浓度达到2mg/mL时,留坝县宜昌百合提取物对DPPH·和O2-的清除率最高,分别为44.34%,25.95%;对·OH的清除效果,立节镇宜昌百合鳞茎提取物的清除率最高,达到40.23%。宜昌百合具有明显的抗菌和抗氧化作用,生态环境对其活性有不同程度的影响。     

玉米花粉提取物清除自由基活性研究

用75%(体积分数)乙醇水溶液在室温下提取玉米花粉活性成分,浓缩后分成两部分,一部分被称为提取原液,另一部分依次用正己烷、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,分别浓缩得到正己烷相、乙酸乙酯相、正丁醇相和水相,分别研究它们对稳定N,N-二苯基三硝基苯肼自由基[DPPH·]和羟基自由基[·OH]的清除效果,并利用高压液相对各萃取相中的黄酮类进行分析,结果表明:玉米花粉的几种溶剂提取物对[DPPH·]自由基的清除能力存在较大差异,最强的是乙酸乙酯相,比芦丁和BHT还要强,最弱的是水相;对羟基自由基[·OH]的清除能力略有差异,其中乙酸乙酯相最强与芦丁相似,最弱的是水相.玉米花粉提取物的不同萃取相中,黄酮类存在较大差异,黄酮类可能是导致玉米花粉具有清除自由基能力的主要原因.     

黑莓果渣不同溶剂提取物抗氧化活性研究

黑莓果渣经不同溶剂(水、pH3水、60%乙醇、80%乙醇、95%乙醇、正丁醇、乙酸乙酯)在室温下振摇提取,得到黑莓果渣不同溶剂提取物。分别采用总抗氧化能力测定体系、DPPH·(1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼)自由基体系、羟基自由基体系、超氧阴离子自由基体系,对黑莓果渣不同溶剂提取物总抗氧化能力、清除DPPH·、O2-·和·OH的活性进行测定,并与VC进行比较。结果表明,黑莓果渣不同溶剂提取物均有不同程度抗氧化能力;酸性溶剂提取效果优于非酸性溶剂;60%乙醇为最佳的提取溶剂,其提取物总抗氧化能力、清除DPPH·和O2-·活性均弱于VC,而清除·OH活性较强且高于VC。     

红毛七乙醇提取物和不同极性部位抗氧化活性的研究

主要从清除DPPH自由基(DPPH.)、超氧阴离子自由基(O2-.)、羟基自由基(.OH)和亚硝酸盐(NO2-)四个方面,研究红毛七乙醇提取物和不同极性萃取部位的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,红毛七乙醇提取物和不同极性部位对DPPH.、O2-.、.OH、NO2-均具有清除能力,其中乙醇提取物、正丁醇与乙酸乙酯中等极性部位抗氧化活性较强,而极性较小的石油醚部位和极性较大的水部位抗氧化作用较弱。     

海参脏器多糖体外抗氧化活性研究

研究海参脏器多糖HPS1、HPS2在体外对羟自由基(·OH)、超氧阴离子(O2-·)、以及1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼(DPPH·)自由基的清除能力.结果表明,HPS1、HPS2对·OH、O2-·和DPPH·自由基均有一定清除作用,且随着多糖质量浓度的增大,其抗氧化活性逐渐增加.HPS1对·OH、O2-·和DPPH.自由基清除能力IC50分别为0.89、0.98、0.31mg/mL;HPS2对·OH、O2-·和DPPH·自由基清除能力IC50分别为0.64、0.78、0.24mg/mL.2种多糖对DPPH.自由基的清除活性尤其明显.HPS2对于3种自由基的抗氧化活性均强于HPS1.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.