钣金加工工艺研究

在钣金的加工过程中,加工工艺是指导钣金加工的重要文件,如果没有加工工艺,钣金加工将会出现无规范可依,无标准可执行的情况。因此,我们要清楚钣金加工工艺的重要性,在钣金加工过程中对加工工艺进行深入研究,保证加工工艺能够符合钣金加工的操作实际,满足钣金加工的实际需要,从根本上提高钣金加工质量。通过实践发现,钣金加工根据加工方式的不同,主要分为:下料、折弯、拉伸、成型、焊接等方式。要想保证钣金加工全过程的质量达标,就要重点研究这几种加工方式的加工工艺,对现有加工工艺进行优化,提高加工工艺的实用性和指导性。     

传动轴配合件零件的数控加工工艺设计

针对传动轴配合件零件的数控加工,从轴类零件的数控加工、零件的工艺分析、拟定工艺路线、确定工艺路线工艺的角度对加工工艺进行了设计分析。     

数控车床加工工艺标准化流程优化措施研究

在对各种类型轴类、盘类零件的圆柱面和圆锥螺纹切削加工中,数控车床发挥着重要的作用,具有加工精度高、生产进度高等显著特征。不断优化和改进数控车床加工工艺标准化流程,直接关乎到工艺生产水平和最终产品质量。基于此,文章阐述了数控车床加工工艺的应用优势和加工零部件的工艺要点,分析了数控车床加工流程中的操作标准,并探讨了优化数控车床加工工艺标准化流程的对策,以供参考。     

五香猪骨加工工艺研究

研究了猪骨深加工产品五香猪骨的加工工艺、配方,对五香猪骨加工工艺关键技术要点进行了探讨,提出了较佳的加工工艺参数.     

燃烧室前端机匣铣加工工艺研究

燃烧室前端机匣为航空发动机的主要部件。传统机匣加工工艺具有加工时间长、工艺复杂、刀具易磨损等特点。文章提出一种改善的机匣加工工艺方法。该方法根据机匣零件内外型的结构特点、结合生产现场环境,选择合适的机床与刀具、确定合理的加工方式并利用数控加工编程软件(UGNX)编制高效合理的加工程序。相较传统的机匣加工工艺,文章提出的工艺可有效降低机匣加工时间、减少加工成本。     

浅议碾米加工辅助工艺的设计与利用

阐述了碾米加工工艺中主体工艺与辅助工艺相辅相成的关系．重点分析辅助工艺在碾米加工工艺中的作用,对辅助工艺在碾米加工工艺中的分类、设计、使用进行论述,对辅助工艺在降低能源、物料消耗、减少用工、文明生产、降低管理工作量等方面所带来的综合效益作全面总结。     

免淘米设备与超微粉碎系统在糯米粉加工中的应用探讨

传统的糯米粉加工工艺存在加工工艺产线较长,配备设备较多,且耗水量高等一系列问题。为此本研究主要就佐竹SJR节水型免淘米机与超微粉碎系统在糯米粉加工中的应用,从设备特点、工艺优势、糯米粉加工品质等方面进行了探讨,旨在为糯米粉的加工工艺提供新思路。     

鱼松加工工艺参数的研究

针对淡水鱼加工需求,以鱼肉打松机制作鱼松的加工工艺为研究对象,对其中的工艺参数,打击时间、蒸煮时间、鱼肉量、自然冷却时间进行试验研究,通过对打击成绒后的鱼松进行感官评定和疏松度测定,确定了其最佳加工工艺。此加工工艺生产效率高,工艺简单,原料利用率高。     

从安全营养角度看食品加工工艺研究

本文具体分析了食品加工工艺的含义与特点,并从安全营养角度介绍主要的食品加工工艺,包括冷冻干燥技术、微波加工技术、膜分离技术、超高压技术和远红外线技术,并提出了推进食品加工工艺优化发展的有效策略.     

宽幅高速纸机刮刀座绿色制造技术研究

绿色制造具有降低消耗与污染、节约时间与成本、提高效率与质量的特点。而宽幅高速纸机刮刀座的传统加工方法无法满足绿色制造需求。针对传统加工工艺繁琐、加工变形量大、直线度误差大等突出问题,本研究对影响刮刀座止口面加工精度的因素进行分析,结合有限元软件分析铣削参数和工序方案,提出了刮刀座、凸台、轴一体式的绿色加工工艺,并将该加工工艺与传统加工工艺进行对比。结果表明,采用该绿色加工工艺生产的刮刀座,具有精度高、生产效率高、能耗低、费用低等特点。     

Bacterial populations on teat ends of dairy cows housed in free stalls and bedded with either sand or sawdust

The main objectives of the experiment were: 1) to compare bacterial populations of mastitis-causing organisms on the teats of lactating dairy cattle housed on sand and sawdust bedding and, 2) to examine the relationship between bacterial counts present in the 2 bedding types with those on teat ends. Sixteen lactating Holstein cows were housed on either sand or sawdust-bedded free stalls using a crossover design with 3 wk per bedding type. Bedding samples were collected on d 0 (prior to animals lying on the bedding), 1, 2, and 6. Teat ends were sampled prior to the morning milking on d 1, 2, and 6. All samples were analyzed to determine coliform, Klebsiella spp., and Streptococcus spp. populations. There were 2 times more coliforms and 6 times more Klebsiella bacteria on teat ends of cows housed on sawdust compared with those housed on sand. In contrast, there were 10 times more Streptococcus spp. bacteria on teat ends of cows when housed on sand compared with sawdust. In both sawdust and sand bedding, coliforms, Klebsiella and Streptococcus counts increased over each experimental week, although patterns varied with bedding and bacteria type. Bacterial counts on teat ends were correlated with bacterial counts in sawdust (r = 0.47, 0.69, and 0.60 for coliforms, Klebsiella spp., and streptococci, respectively) and in sand (r = 0.35 for coliforms and r = 0.40 for Klebsiella spp.). In conclusion, coliforms and Klebsiella spp. on teat ends were more numerous when cows were housed on sawdust bedding, but Streptococcus spp. were more numerous on teat ends of cows housed on sand.     

纺织企业技术质量成本过程管理

提高企业竞争能力需要加强企业技术质量成本过程管理，其可分为以下几个方面：企业技术质量成本规划，方针目标管理，行业改造方向前瞻，企业改造方向决策，技改技术引进评估，技术改造过程管理，企业品种开发管理，质量成本过程控制，质量成本核算等。文章分别作了阐述。     

果蔬贮藏保鲜产业现状、研究进展与科技支持

简要介绍了我国果蔬贮藏保鲜的现状,指出了当前果蔬贮藏的主要问题。论述了国内外有关果蔬贮藏保鲜的新技术及研究进展情况,包括:天然果蔬保鲜剂的研究、利用调压技术贮藏、臭氧及负氧离子保鲜、利用生物技术保鲜、静电场处理贮藏、低剂量辐射处理和紫外线处理保鲜以及细胞水结构化气调保鲜等国内外近几年发展起来的现代果蔬贮藏保鲜技术。并阐述了科技对我国果蔬贮藏保鲜产业的支撑作用。     

High-quality forage can replace concentrate when cows enter the deposition phase without negative consequences for milk production

Mobilization and deposition in cows are different strategies of metabolism; hence, the aim was to study the possibility of reducing the crude protein (CP) supply during deposition to limit the use of protein supplements and minimize the environmental impact. A total of 61 Jersey and 107 Holstein cows were assigned to 4 mixed rations in a 2 × 2 factorial design with 2 concentrate to forage ratios (CFR) and 2 CP levels: high CFR (40:60) and recommended CP [16% of dry matter (DM); HCFR-RP], high CFR (40:60) and low CP (14% of DM; HCFR-LP), low CFR (30:70) and recommended CP (16% of DM; LCFR-RP), and low CFR (30:70) and low CP (14% of DM; LCFR-LP), where RP met the Danish recommendations. Cows were fed concentrate in an automatic milking unit. After calving, cows were fed HCFR-RP until entering deposition, defined as 11 kg (Jersey) or 15 kg (Holstein) of weight gain from the lowest weight after calving. Subsequently, cows either remained on HCFR-RP or changed to one of the other mixed rations. Comparing strategies during wk 9 to 30 of lactation showed higher dry matter intake (DMI) of mixed ration on HCFR compared with LCFR and on RP compared with LP. The DMI of the concentrate was higher on LCFR than on HCFR and higher on LP than on RP, resulting in overall higher DMI on HCFR and RP than on LCFR and LP. Crude protein intakes were higher on RP than on LP and starch intakes were higher on HCFR than on LCFR. Intakes of neutral detergent fiber tended to be higher on LCFR than on HCFR. Intakes of net energy for lactation were affected by CFR and CP level, with a higher intake on HCFR and RP than on LCFR and LP. No interactions were found between CFR and CP level for any feed intake variables. Yields of milk and energy-corrected milk were higher on RP than on LP, with no difference in yield persistency after the ration change. Milk composition did not differ among strategies but the protein to fat ratio was higher on HCFR than on LCFR and tended to be lower on RP than on LP. Differences in fatty acid composition were small, and de novo synthesis was high (>60%). Energy efficiency was higher on LCFR than on HCFR and no interaction with breed or parity was found. The N efficiency was higher on LP than RP, but with an interaction with breed due to lower N efficiency in Jersey than Holstein cows on HCFR-RP but higher N efficiency in Jersey than Holstein on LCFR-LP. In dairy production, concentrate in the mixed ration can be substituted with high-quality forage during deposition without negative effects on milk yield and composition when a sufficient CP level is ensured.     

基于百度指数的传统印染技艺公众关注度分析

以扎染技艺、蜡染技艺和蓝印花布印染技艺为研究对象,基于百度搜索指数分析公众对传统印染技艺的关注度。通过Holt-Winters模型进行序列分解,分析公众关注度的变化趋势和周期特点。结果表明:公众对扎染关注度逐年上升,对蜡染关注度在波动上升后几乎维持不变,对蓝印花布关注度在缓慢上升后有所下降,三者以年为周期波动的规律明显。SARIMA模型对三个序列的预测结果表明:扎染的公众关注度将持续增长,蜡染关注度将基本维持在原有水平,蓝印花布关注度将略有下降。文章从国家政策、人群分布、工艺特点等方面对两种模型所得结论进行解释分析,并给出合理化建议。     

Fumonisin B1 Production and Growth of Fusarium moniliforme and Fusarium proliferatum on Maize, Wheat, and Barley Grain

Two isolates each of Fusarium moniliforme and Fusarium proliferatum isolated from maize were compared for growth and fumonisin B₁ production on maize, wheat, and barley extract agars and on irradiated maize, wheat, and barley grain in relation to water availability and temperature. Growth rates of both Fusarium spp. were similar or higher on wheat and barley than on maize extract agar. Regardless of temperature, all isolates produced fumonisin B₁ only on irradiated maize grain, but not on wheat or barley. This might be a reason for the low natural occurrence of fumonisins on those grains.     

饮料主剂生产中的质量控制

对饮料主剂生产的质量控制，例如进料控制、过程控制、成品控制、不合格品控制以及产品标识和可追溯性控制等进行了论述。     

假性棉结初探

通过对织物上假性棉结形成原因,分布状况控制措施进行初步探讨,指出假性棉结对斜卡类织物的布面风格有较大影响,其形成原因是经纱与机件反复磨擦,改变了浮游纤维分布状态所致,在布面上的出现规律是斜卡类、经面锻纹类大于类织物;纯棉织物大于涤棉混纺织物,控制好因磨擦产生的毛羽增加率,合理配置工艺及维持适宜的温湿度,假性棉结可以得到有效控制。     

基于视觉图像识别的番茄表面农药残留量无损检测方法

为了提高对番茄表面农药残留量的准确检测能力,提出一种基于视觉图像识别的番茄表面农药残留量无损检测方法。采用激光成像技术进行番茄表面农药残留区域视觉图像采集,对采集的番茄表面图像进行农药残留量的光谱特征分析,提取番茄表面农药残留区域的边缘轮廓特征,根据特征提取结果进行番茄表面农药残留区域视觉图像重构,在重构的区域图像中采用分块匹配技术进行番茄表面农药残留量区域分割,结合自适应分块特征匹配方法实现番茄表面农药残留量检测识别。仿真结果表明,采用该方法进行番茄表面农药残留量的无损性较好,输出图像的信息饱和度较高,提高了对番茄表面农药残留量的准确检测能力,在番茄病虫害防治和农药的去除等方面具有很好的应用价值。     

Reducing dry period length to simplify feeding transition cows: milk production, energy balance, and metabolic profiles

Sixty-five Holstein cows were used to evaluate management schemes involving altered dry period (DP) lengths on subsequent milk production, energy balance (EB), and metabolic variables. Cows were assigned to one of 3 treatments: traditional 56-d DP (fed a low-energy diet from -56 to -29 d and a moderate energy diet from -28 d to parturition; T), 28-d DP (continuously fed a high energy diet; S), and no planned DP (continuously fed a high energy diet; N). Prepartum DM intake (DMI), measured from 56 d prepartum through parturition, was lower for cows on the T treatment than for cows on the S treatment and was higher for cows on the N treatment than for cows on the S treatment. There were no differences in prepartum plasma glucose, and beta-hydroxybutryric acid; there was a treatment by time interaction for prepartum plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA). There was no difference in prepartum liver triglyceride (TG); postpartum liver TG was decreased for cows on the N treatment compared with cows on the S treatment, but was similar for cows on the T and S treatments. Postpartum NEFA was similar between cows on the T and S treatments, but was greater for cows on the S treatment than for cows on the N treatment. Postpartum glucose was greater for cows on the N treatment compared with cows on the S treatment and tended to be greater for cows on the S treatment than for cows on the T treatment. There was no difference in postpartum solids-corrected milk (SCM) production or DMI by cows on the T vs. S treatment. However, there was a tendency toward lower postpartum SCM production by cows on the N vs. S treatment and a tendency for greater postpartum DMI by cows on the N vs. S treatment. Postpartum EB was greater for cows on the S vs. T treatment and the N vs. S treatment. In general, T and S management schemes had similar effects on DMI, SCM, and metabolic variables in the first 70 d of the subsequent lactation. Eliminating the DP improved energy and metabolic status.