An exploratory analysis of cross-country biases in expert wine reviews

This paper examines whether online reviews by wine experts use different language to describe wines from different countries, and whether this reveals a certain bias. This is important because the language used in wine reviews can make a wine seem more or less appealing, and therefore may have a significant impact on consumers’ perceptions and purchase intentions. An automated content analysis was conducted of 28,858 reviews for top-rated wines that were published on the Wine Enthusiast magazine website. While the initial objective was to focus on the Old World versus New World dichotomy, the findings are more nuanced. Most of the differences that were found between reviews for wines from particular countries can be explained based on for example climate and whether or not the wine is purchased for immediate consumption. However, it was also found that reviews for wines from France, Italy and the United States use much more figurative language, and refer more often to the vineyard and the winemaking process, while this is much less the case for wines from Spain, Australia, New Zealand, Argentina and Chile. This could indicate that reviewers have a bias based on their level of knowledge of, and/or interest in, particular countries.     

气候变化对酿酒生产的影响

在浓香型白酒的生产过程中,直接影响白酒产量、质量的因素很多,气候的变化影响酿酒操作的入窖温度、入窖水分、入窖酸度等条件要求,在入窖淀粉含量、用曲量、用糠量、糟醅粮比等参数一定的情况下,不同季节酿酒对原酒质量特别是己酸乙酯的含量仍有一定的影响。     

快速酒精仪在黄酒酒精度分析中的应用

通过与GB/13662—2008《黄酒》中的酒精度检测方法相比较,研究了近红外酒精分析仪法的准确性和稳定性,并且研究了总糖、浊度和色度对该方法的影响。结果表明,与国标检测方法相比,近红外酒精分析仪法操作简单、快速,并且重复性和准确性都更高。     

Elemental fingerprint of wines from the protected designation of origin Valencia

Inductively coupled plasma optical emission (ICP-OES), in combination with different chemometric approaches, has been used to verify the origin of different red wine samples from Utiel-Requena, Jumilla, Yecla and Valencia protected designation of origin (PDO). The ability of multivariate analysis methods, such as hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), classification and regression trees (CARTs) and discriminant analysis (DA), to achieve wine classification from their elemental contents has been investigated. The calculations were performed using 38 variables (contents of Al, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, Fe, Gd, Ho, K, La, Li, Lu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nd, Ni, Pb, Pr, Sc, Se, Sm, Sr, Tb, Ti, Tm, V, Y, Yb and Zn, at mg l⁻¹ level, determined by ICP-OES).     

卷烟在线评论的文本情感分析

【背景和目的】卷烟在线评论能够真实反映卷烟的口碑,有助于卷烟工商企业了解消费者的卷烟使用体验和卷烟口碑动态。为了从海量卷烟消费在线评论中提炼有效的消费者体验信息,本文进行了卷烟在线评论的文本情感分析研究。【方法】首先构建了适用于烟草领域的卷烟在线评论情感词典,并据此建立了卷烟评价文本情感分析模型。然后选取烟悦网(http://www.yanyue.cn/)上评论较多两款卷烟产品作为研究对象,通过Python通用网络爬虫采集了2008年至2018年两个产品的在线评论,经数据清洗处理后,得到有效在线评论数据。将评论数据输入卷烟评价文本情感分析模型,按照产品、时间、地区等维度分别计算出情感指数。通过情感指数变化和比较,可以洞察卷烟在线评论中的情感表达,并给出了相应的对策与建议。【结论】情感指数能够为卷烟经营评价方式提供新的洞察力,动态监测消费者情感变化,及时把握烟草市场环境的消费者情感趋势。     

北冬虫夏草保健酒的研制

以人工培育的北冬虫夏草为原料,清香型白酒为酒基,采用酒浸提方法,利用L9（34）正交实验,确定浸出物多糖浸出的最佳工艺。再以浸提液、蜂蜜、纯净水配制成保健酒。实验得到了北冬虫夏草浸提最佳工艺条件为：酒基浓度55%vol,浸提时间30d,浸提温度25℃。     

水酒-景颇族酒文化小议

景颇族的饮酒习俗是景颇族社会物质生活的重要内容,是景颇人表现和满足其精神生活需要的重要物质载体.从饮酒习俗中所体现出来的不只是物质层面的酿酒技术和器具,还有精神方面的各种价值观念和民族情结.     

奥地利本土酿酒葡萄种植状况简介

奥地利具有种植酿酒葡萄的天然优势,葡萄种植历史悠久。这里的土壤和气候的多样性造就了葡萄品种的多样性。主要介绍了奥地利本土的一些代表性葡萄品种的生物学特性及其在奥地利的种植现状,并对其酿造特性进行了简要分析。     

Diversity of acetic acid bacteria present in healthy grapes from the Canary Islands

The identification of acetic acid bacteria (AAB) from sound grapes from the Canary Islands is reported in the present study. No direct recovery of bacteria was possible in the most commonly used medium, so microvinifications were performed on grapes from Tenerife, La Palma and Lanzarote islands. Up to 396 AAB were isolated from those microvinifications and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. With this method, Acetobacter pasteurianus, Acetobacter tropicalis, Gluconobacter japonicus and Gluconacetobacter saccharivorans were identified.However, no discrimination between the closely related species Acetobacter malorum and Acetobacter cerevisiae was possible. As previously described, 16S-23S rRNA gene internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region phylogenetic analysis was required to classify isolates as one of those species. These two species were the most frequently occurring, accounting for more than 60% of the isolates. For typing the AAB isolates, both the Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC)-PCR and (GTG)5-PCR techniques gave similar resolution. A total of 60 profiles were identified. Thirteen of these profiles were found in more than one vineyard, and only one profile was found on two different islands (Tenerife and La Palma).     

湖北麻城地区传统老米酒的香气成分的固相微萃取-气质联用分析及比较

为掌握麻城木子店镇及附近乡镇地方特色老米酒的香气成分及特征,通过顶空固相微萃取和GC-MS联用技术分析了当地11个不同企业样品的挥发性成分。结果表明,麻城老米酒挥发性成分以醇和酯类为主,仅含少量挥发酸、酮、醛和酚类成分,其中醇类共7种,以2-甲基丁醇、3-甲基丁醇和2-苯乙醇为主,检出频率高,含量高。酯类共有18种,以2-甲基丙酸2-甲基丁酯、辛酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯、丁二酸二乙酯和十六酸乙酯的检出频率较高。有机酸类有5种,以乙酸和丙酸检出频率较高,但含量较低。另外,还检出了1种酮类、1种酚类和2种醛类物质。说明不同厂家的老米酒香气成分差异较大。     

The challenge of Brettanomyces in wine

Brettanomyces spp. is an indigenous yeast that can grow during wine fermentation and impact its flavor. The characteristic flavor is often described as phenolic/medicinal, spices, cloves, earthy, barnyard, and horsy. The acceptability of Brettanoymces-induced flavors depends on the flavor intensity, personal preference, and consumer expectations. The yeast has been isolated from grapes, barrels, and winery equipment. It impacts wines from all the top producing regions in the world, with associated flavors most often found in red wines. Prevention of growth of this yeast in wine involves attention to fruit quality and winery sanitation, control of sulfite and oxygen levels, and the use uncontaminated barrels. Greater understanding of how Brettanomyces and its metabolites contribute to wine flavor is required to recognize its impact on consumer acceptability.     

降酸方法对葡萄酒降酸效果的影响

本文研究了葡萄酒酿造过程中,不同的降低酸的方法对葡萄酒降酸效果的影响。本试验采用化学降酸法,即向葡萄汁之中加入化学试剂K2CO3,KHCO3和CaCO3以达到降低酸度的目的;生物降酸法,即在葡萄汁之中加入苹果酸－乳酸发酵和物理降酸法,即低温冷冻降酸法。结果表明,K2CO3的降酸效果最好,其次是低温冷冻降酸法。降酸效果最差的是采用苹果酸－－乳酸发酵菌所进行的降酸方法。     

Effect of micro-oxygenation on the evolution of aromatic compounds in wines: Malolactic fermentation and ageing in wood

The effect of micro-oxygenation on the aromas of two varietal wines (Tempranillo and Cabernet Sauvignon) when alcoholic fermentation is complete was examined. Several factors, such as whether malolactic fermentation (MLF) took place in barrels or stainless steel vats and ageing time in oak barrels, were taken into account. Major aroma components were studied using GC-FID and minor compounds were studied by GC-MS analysis before and after MLF and after 4 and 8 months of maturation in oak barrels. Sensorial analysis was performed to describe and quantify the different wine notes. Micro-oxygenation affects different compounds but the effect depends to a great extent on the grape varietal used; the effect of micro-oxygenation was more marked on the aroma of Cabernet Sauvignon wine than Tempranillo wines. The concentration of extractable compounds of wood was higher in wines after MLF in barrels than in wines after MLF in steel vats; wines with steel vat MLF had fewer toast and wood notes. The compounds that showed significant differences in concentration after 8 months of maturation were present in higher concentrations in wines fermented in barrels than in stainless steel vats. Barrel-fermented wines were sweeter, with wood and toast notes, fewer alcohol notes and fewer reductive notes.