The serious side to funny cartoons: understanding public perception of wine through cartoon content analysis

Understanding public perception of a wine festival, organic wine, or the impact of climate change on wine quality can be a complex task. Wine consumers’ opinions, thoughts, feelings and attitudes seem to appear in traditional channels, such as newspapers and magazines, as well as in digital channels, such as blogs, tweets, text messages, social media comments, and consumer ratings. These come in all sorts of formats, but most commonly through text (e.g. posts, tweets) and images (e.g. pictures and videos). Content analysis can be an effective way to understand these widely shared means of expressing sentiment towards a wine and the wine industry. This article examines 300 wine cartoons using a content analysis method that classifies their content into four analytical dimensions: narrative, domestication, binary struggle, and normative transference. This cartoon content analysis reveals details of how different types of wine customers consume and evaluate wine across contexts (e.g. wine in restaurants or at home). This analysis also explores public perception trends regarding wine: social status associations, emotional consumer responses, and consumption-specific concerns. We conclude by discussing future research directions and managerial implications.     

Effect of personality on the emotional response elicited by wines

Studies related to the measurement of the emotional response and its relationship with preferences and consumer behavior are gaining relevance in the last years. Some of them have highlighted the influence of individual factors, such as personality, on the evoked emotions. The current study examined the relationship between personality traits and the emotions elicited by different wine samples. Six wines were assessed by 175 consumers in terms of hedonic and emotional response, using 9-point scale and EsSense25 respectively. Consumers were clustered into four personality segments according to their personality traits which were determined using the Big Five Inventory method. Results showed an association between the psychological profile and the elicited emotions. A strong effect of personality on the emotional response elicited by the wine samples was found on 14 emotions. In addition, a significant effect was found for six emotions when studying the sample effect. The main relationships between personality and emotions were found in two consumers’ segments: G1 characterized by higher ratings on the Neuroticism dimension, was more related to negative emotions than G4. On the contrary, G4, defined by higher ratings on Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Consciousness, was more related to positive emotions than G1. No significant interactions between wine and personality were identified, meaning that the effect of personality did not change significantly across wines. Splitting the consumers’ panel depending on their personality profile allowed obtaining a deeper overview and a further understanding of the emotions evoked by wines.     

An emotion-based typology of wine consumers

Product consumption is a sensory experience that can evoke a wide range of emotional responses; and accordingly, the emotional component of food consumption has been widely addressed and has appeared in marketing literature with increasing frequency.To date, there is abundant literature on emotions elicited by product consumption, but there is little research concerning emotions and wine. In this context, we develop an emotion-based segmentation based on the emotions that consumers experience when consuming wine, both considering the valence and arousal dimensions of emotions. In addition, we profile and characterize the emotion-based obtained segments.For this purpose, an emotion-based cluster analysis is conducted through a two-step cluster procedure, followed by a MANOVA test on data from 1269 wine consumers.Our findings show that the average wine consumer does not exist, and that wine consumers cannot be seen as a homogenous group. More precisely, four clusters emerge from our results experiencing different emotions in wine consumption: “emotionally unattached”, “negatives”, “contented circumspects” and “wine lovers”. Results suggest that “wine lovers” is the most attractive segment due to their strong wine emotional bond; being the “negatives” the most challenging segment for wine makers. One useful insight for wineries is that it may not be possible to satisfy all these segments with one single wine.     

The emotional response to wine consumption

Emotion may be defined as a special perception that informs us about current body status and its modification due to internal or external stimuli and feelings such as mental representations of bodily changes, including thoughts (Damasio, 2003). Emotions have been generally associated with products but there has been little published research on emotions related to food, and more specifically to wine. Every culture may describe its emotions in different ways and may have its own emotional lexicon, allowing feelings to be socially shared: the purpose of this research is to develop a list of emotional adjectives appropriate to the Italian culture to describe the feelings of wine consumers. By means of three studies, we selected 16 words which allow wine consumers to describe their feelings while consuming wine. The emotion terms selected could be divided into two categories: high/low arousal and high/low pleasantness. Unlike the general prevalence in the emotional lexicon of languages of words expressing unpleasant emotions, most of the 16 Italian terms focused on emotions elicited by wine consumption fall into the pleasure category.     

Positioning narratives of wine tourism websites: a lexical analysis across two different regions

Wine tourism is becoming an increasingly important tourism niche with various regions competing for tourism dollars. It is often assumed that differentiation in the sector is region based. This research investigates the positioning narratives from websites of a sample of top wine tour service firms across the US and Australia. Analysis is undertaken using an innovative methodology that combines computer-based lexical analysis followed by hierarchical clustering on principal components. The research seeks to determine the extent to which identified clusters are region based and whether the positioning narratives on websites can provides useful clusters across regions. Results are reported, implications are discussed, limitations are noted and possible areas for further research are indicated.     

An exploratory analysis of cross-country biases in expert wine reviews

This paper examines whether online reviews by wine experts use different language to describe wines from different countries, and whether this reveals a certain bias. This is important because the language used in wine reviews can make a wine seem more or less appealing, and therefore may have a significant impact on consumers’ perceptions and purchase intentions. An automated content analysis was conducted of 28,858 reviews for top-rated wines that were published on the Wine Enthusiast magazine website. While the initial objective was to focus on the Old World versus New World dichotomy, the findings are more nuanced. Most of the differences that were found between reviews for wines from particular countries can be explained based on for example climate and whether or not the wine is purchased for immediate consumption. However, it was also found that reviews for wines from France, Italy and the United States use much more figurative language, and refer more often to the vineyard and the winemaking process, while this is much less the case for wines from Spain, Australia, New Zealand, Argentina and Chile. This could indicate that reviewers have a bias based on their level of knowledge of, and/or interest in, particular countries.     

Wine-related aromas for different seasons and occasions: Hedonic and emotional responses of wine consumers from Australia,UK and USA

It is still not fully clear how particular aromas in wine may affect consumers’ liking and emotional responses, and whether these change in different contexts and seasons. Therefore, a study was conducted with 3000 regular wine consumers from Australia, UK and USA using an online survey that assessed liking for 59 wine aromas, and from which 9 aromas, selected as representatives of groups of similar aromas, were profiled for elicited emotions by the ScentMove™ scale.The most liked wine aromas across all countries were ‘berry-like’, followed by ‘vanilla’, ‘chocolate’, ‘citrus-like’ and ‘honey’. Interestingly, aromas with the same liking rating displayed significantly different emotional profiles which seemed to drive differences in preferred consumption occasion and season. For example, highly liked ‘passionfruit’ aroma, associated with happy, relaxed and romantic emotions, was suitable for many occasions and seasons, ‘lemon’ evoked energetic emotions and was preferred in wines consumed at parties/BBQs in summer, while ‘chocolate’ would fit well in a restaurant. Hedonic and emotional responses towards selected wine aromas differed between various demographic groups. Gender, age and consumption frequency had greater effects than education or income, with similar patterns found in each country indicating similarity in wine cultures and the language used. The national influence was more reflected in the polarised rating by the USA consumers compared to UK and Australia. This information could be utilised to produce wines for specific occasions and seasons.     

What factors affect consumers’ dining sentiments and their ratings: Evidence from restaurant online review data

Online review data refers to customer opinions (e.g., text reviews, numerical ratings, and personal information) left on online retailing and review platforms. Here, we provide insight for food-related consumer sentiment study by using online review data. We present a case study using Yelp restaurant review data on what affects restaurant customers’ sentiment responses to dining out. In our case study, a sentiment-analysis method was used to extract and generate sentiment indices from 175,879 text-based Yelp restaurant reviews. We examined the relationships between our sentiment indices and ratings and showed that online review data can provide information about consumer dining sentiments. By using semi-automatic content analysis method, we first counted the most frequent 300 words in all text reviews and manually categorized those most frequent words into five topics: “food,” “service,” “expenditure,” “social,” and “miscellany”. We then computed the fraction of topic words in each category over the total topic words for each review. We found that (1) consumers used more positive sentiment words than negative sentiment words in their Yelp restaurant text reviews. (2) The proportion of positive sentiment words in reviews was positively related to ratings; the proportion of negative sentiment words in reviews was negatively related to ratings. (3) Relative to food, consumers used more sentiment words (both positive and negative) when they were discussing restaurant service. (4) Consumers used the least sentiment words when they were discussing social-related topics compared with the other topics (food, service and expenditure). (5) Consumers rated restaurant service higher than they rated food.     

葡萄酒香气物质的研究方法进展

香气是葡萄酒的首要感官质量指标,同时也是评价酒质优劣的关键性指标。葡萄酒香气组成非常复杂,受很多因素的影响,但是香气物质的种类和含量对葡萄酒的风味起着决定性作用。在葡萄酒香气物质的研究方法中,仪器分析法可以准确检测和分析葡萄酒中的香气物质组成。感官分析法可以记录葡萄酒对人的主观刺激,包括感官上的感受及精神层面的愉悦。简单介绍了葡萄酒中的香气及呈香物质,重点综述了仪器分析法和感官分析法以及它们在葡萄酒香气物质研究中的应用现状,并对其局限性做出了一定的探讨,最后对国内研究中仪器分析与感官分析的联合应用做出了展望。     

The potential of the internet as a medium to encourage and discourage youth tobacco use

The internet is fast becoming a new battleground between tobacco control advocates and pro-tobacco forces, and this new media will certainly have a greater impact on tobacco use behaviour in the future. This paper reviews how the internet can encourage youth smoking by providing youth access to tobacco products and offering content that glamorises smoking lifestyle and culture, particularly in hundreds of websites and chat rooms. These sites feature pictures of celebrity smokers, provide information about smoking in movies, and provide smoking advice to teen smokers. In contrast, youth smoking is discouraged on online grassroots advocacy and countermarketing websites. Although these strategies show promise, more research is needed to evaluate their impact. Recommendations are made for future research to study pro-smoking internet content and ways to counteract it, as well as to monitor the online activities of the tobacco companies. Finally, some of the challenges in addressing tobacco related internet content are discussed.     

Amelioration of smoke taint in wine by treatment with commercial fining agents

Background and Aims: Fermentation of smoke‐affected grapes can lead to wines that exhibit objectionable smoke‐related sensory attributes, i.e. smoke taint. Fining agents are routinely used at different stages of the winemaking process to address constituents that are considered to adversely affect juice or wine quality. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of commercial fining agents in reducing the concentration of volatile phenols and the intensity of sensory attributes associated with smoke‐tainted wine. Methods and Results: Smoke‐affected wines were treated with a range of fining agents, two of which, an activated carbon and a synthetic mineral, were found to appreciably ameliorate the taint. Treated wines contained a significantly lower level of smoke‐derived volatile phenols and exhibited less intense ‘smoke’ and ‘cold ash’ aromas, ‘smoky’ flavour and ‘ashy’ aftertaste, compared with that of untreated (control) wines; with little or no impact on wine colour. Conclusions: Selected fining agents can ameliorate smoke taint in wine. Whereas most fining agents showed poor specificity towards the wine components responsible for smoke taint, some, an activated carbon in particular, were highly effective. Significance of the Study: This research identifies a treatment that can be used to mitigate the impact of grapevine exposure to smoke on wine composition and sensory properties.     

卷烟在线评论的文本情感分析

【背景和目的】卷烟在线评论能够真实反映卷烟的口碑,有助于卷烟工商企业了解消费者的卷烟使用体验和卷烟口碑动态。为了从海量卷烟消费在线评论中提炼有效的消费者体验信息,本文进行了卷烟在线评论的文本情感分析研究。【方法】首先构建了适用于烟草领域的卷烟在线评论情感词典,并据此建立了卷烟评价文本情感分析模型。然后选取烟悦网(http://www.yanyue.cn/)上评论较多两款卷烟产品作为研究对象,通过Python通用网络爬虫采集了2008年至2018年两个产品的在线评论,经数据清洗处理后,得到有效在线评论数据。将评论数据输入卷烟评价文本情感分析模型,按照产品、时间、地区等维度分别计算出情感指数。通过情感指数变化和比较,可以洞察卷烟在线评论中的情感表达,并给出了相应的对策与建议。【结论】情感指数能够为卷烟经营评价方式提供新的洞察力,动态监测消费者情感变化,及时把握烟草市场环境的消费者情感趋势。     

Analyzing German winery adoption of Web 2.0 and social media

The purpose of this research study was to analyze the adoption of Web 2.0 and social media by German wineries, as well as to determine the impact of winery size on the use of social media and response time to consumer emails. The methodology involved a content analysis of 208 German winery websites and a statistical analysis of how German wineries respond to customer email requests. Results show a relatively low adoption of Web 2.0 (27%) by German wineries with larger wineries adopting more components than smaller wineries, though smaller wineries responded more quickly to customer email requests for wine information. Implications suggest that there is more opportunity for German wineries to integrate social media in their wine marketing strategy.     

中国白酒酒庄建设刍议

白酒酒庄是近年来随着我国白酒产业升级转型,借鉴国外葡萄酒酒庄的营销模式而呈现出的一种白酒和旅游产业融合形态。虽然我国白酒酒庄在规模上、风格上、内容呈现等方面逐步迈出了一条独特的发展道路。但白酒酒庄的产品设计、功能开发、发展态势等方面仍然存在诸多问题。该文从国外知名葡萄酒庄园发展的成功经验的基础上,结合目前我国白酒庄园的发展现状,对其未来的发展提出可资参考的建议。     

Physico-chemical characteristics of some oenological gelatins and their action on selected red wine components

Five oenological gelatins were characterised by analytical methods and used on red wine for clarification tests. Both the degree of hydrolysis (expressed as the distribution of molecular weights) and the net charge density of the gelatins provided useful information for their characterisation. These parameters were also the most indicative for the evaluation of efficiency. The monitoring of the timecourse of sedimentation allowed the ‘minimum active gelatin dosage’ in relation to their net charge density to be established. Statistical analysis showed that the clarification treatments significantly modified turbidity, total polyphenols, colour intensity and brown polymers and that the amount of these variations was related to the specific gelatin used. However, these results were not confirmed by the results of the sensorial analysis of two selected gelatins. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry     

复合澄清剂对砂糖橘果酒风味的影响

为研究砂糖橘发酵果酒的澄清工艺,探索澄清对果酒风味的影响,利用果胶酶、硅藻土、皂土、PVPP等澄清剂对砂糖橘发酵原酒进行澄清试验,结果表明,不同浓度的处理效果均极其显著。砂糖橘发酵原酒经过2.5 g/L浓度的果胶酶处理后,用1.0g/L硅藻土、1.5g/L皂土和0.002 g/L交联聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮构成的复合澄清剂在25℃下处理8 h,酒体的澄清度可以达到89.7%,酒体透亮,色泽明快。澄清后的砂糖橘果酒风味的主体没有变化,3-甲基-1-丁醇、辛酸乙酯、辛酸和苯乙醇含量稳定,柑橘的特征风味物质柠檬烯明显减少。     

酒店餐饮文化中白葡萄酒英文专业词汇的分析研究

白葡萄酒成为酒店餐饮文化中较为常见的饮品。可因为中英文之间的不同,酒店餐饮领域工作人员在服务消费者时,容易将一些对白葡萄酒英文专业词汇产生错误理解带给消费者,从而产生不必要的误会。因此,本文对酒店餐饮文化中白葡萄酒英文专业词汇的理解进行研究,明确要求从事酒店餐饮行业人员不仅要有一定英文基础,更需要充分了解白葡萄酒的文化内涵、历史源头,理解白葡萄酒专业英文词汇,包括白葡萄酒专业英译、干白的准确理解以及葡萄酒烈度的表达等,从而精准理解消费者想要获得的酒饮,进一步提升该酒店服务质量,推动国内餐饮行业的蓬勃发展。