木棉/PET/ES纤维集合体吸油性能研究

以木棉/PET/ES纤维集合体为研究对象,测试评价了该纤维集合体对机油、植物油、柴油3种油液的吸油性能,并分析了影响该纤维集合体吸油性能的因素。结果表明:该纤维集合体具有优良的吸油性能。其每克对纯机油、植物油、柴油的吸油倍率分别为63.00、58.50、43.81 g,对油水混合物中机油、植物油、柴油的吸油倍率分别为30.28、24.29、30.51 g。对3种油液的保油率均能达到80%以上。该纤维集合体对含水油液中油液的去除效果达97%以上,所以该纤维集合体具有优良的油水选择性。研究发现,影响纤维吸油性能的因素有纤维自身的拒水亲油性能、纤维集合体的结构以及油液的黏度。     

静电纺多孔超细纤维膜的吸油性能

针对传统纤维吸油毡吸油量低的问题,采用静电纺丝技术制备了聚砜（PSF）和聚乳酸（PLA）多孔超细纤维膜以提高纤维吸油材料的吸油量。研究了纤维形态结构、纤维膜孔隙结构及亲油疏水性对真空泵机油和亚麻籽油的吸附性能和保油性能的影响。结果表明：PSF和PLA多孔超细纤维膜具有优良的亲油疏水性,纤维直径、纤维膜孔径和孔隙率、亲油疏水性以及吸油后纤维膜体积膨胀程度对其吸油量起主要作用,而纤维表面2~60nm 的介孔对提高吸油量没有明显作用,高孔隙率和贯通孔结构不利于保油;吸油1 h后,PLA纤维膜对真空泵机油和亚麻籽油的吸油量分别为50.1、34.6g/g,PSF纤维膜对真空泵机油和亚麻籽油的吸油量分别为147.8、131.3 g/g;保油1 h后,PLA纤维膜对真空泵机油和亚麻籽油的保油量分别减少了42.04%和53.69%,PSF纤维膜对真空泵机油和亚麻籽油的保油量分别减少了62.17%和50.61%。     

纤维型吸油材料的制备及其吸油性能的研究

为探寻一种高效环保的吸油材料,实验选取未漂白针叶木浆纤维及来源广且廉价的二次纤维(旧报纸)、动物纤维(废旧毛衣)作为原料,利用吸藏型吸油机理,采用机械处理和化学改性结合的工艺制备可生物降解的纤维型吸油材料。结果表明,由未漂白针叶木浆纤维、旧报纸、废旧毛衣改性制备的吸油材料对机油的吸油倍率分别为15.8 g/g、12.5 g/g、17.9 g/g,循环使用5次后的吸油倍率还能保持最大值的80%以上;对油品的适用性广,可有效吸附多种油品。     

香蒲绒纤维的研究与开发现状

概括了各国对香蒲绒纤维的开发利用现状,从专利技术角度探讨香蒲绒纤维在保暖保健、驱蚊、活性炭纤维、吸油、吸音隔热及浮力材料等方面的应用情况,指出香蒲绒纤维在基础研究各个应用领域的不足和进一步的研究方向。初步提出香蒲绒纤维制备工艺的探讨,指出应扩大香蒲绒纤维应用领域,通过再生纤维素加强驱蚊效果,用于活性炭降低环保成本,改进油污分离装置进行大规模应用,作为吸音隔热以及浮力材料仍需深入开发,以期为香蒲绒纤维的生态应用提供新思路。     

香蒲绒非织造材料的制备及其吸声性能研究

为了研究香蒲绒非织造材料的吸声性能,以香蒲绒纤维为原料,采用非织造加工工艺,制备了9种香蒲绒非织造吸声材料。对香蒲绒非织造吸声材料在中频500Hz~1 600Hz和高频2 000Hz~6 300Hz范围内的吸声性能进行测试。结果显示:纤维的组成、针刺密度、材料厚度以及加固方法等因素对材料吸声性能有着不同的影响。认为:采用较小针刺密度制备的纯香蒲绒吸声材料具有更好的吸声效果,材料的厚度对吸声性能的影响比较明显,针刺加固比热熔加固更有利于材料吸声性能的提高。     

杨树绒毛纤维的吸油性能研究

探讨杨树绒毛纤维作为吸油材料的可行性。测试了不同吸油时间、pH值、温度以及纤维质量条件下,杨树绒毛纤维对大豆油和柴油的吸附效果,并研究了离心法和轧压法对杨树绒毛纤维循环吸油的影响。结果表明:当吸附时间10min、pH值中性、吸附温度25℃、纤维质量为0.1g时,杨树绒毛纤维对大豆油和柴油的吸油倍率分别为72g/g和49g/g;当离心转速1 100r/min、离心时间2 min、或轧车压力0.3 MPa、轧压时间5min时,杨树绒毛纤维循环吸油5次后,吸油倍率分别由72g/g降到了66g/g和49g/g。认为:杨树绒毛纤维具有较好的吸油性能;采用离心法较轧压法的循环吸油效果更好。     

熔喷聚苯硫醚非织造布吸油性能研究

以自制的熔喷聚苯硫醚(PPS)非织造布作为吸油材料,综合考察其吸油性能。结果表明:熔喷PPS非织造布对不同种类油都有着良好吸附能力,对食用油、原油、机油、柴油的饱和吸油量分别为45、38、39、30 g/g;对4种油的持油率都在80.00%以上,吸油10 s即可达到饱和吸油量的90%,持油性能好,吸油速率快;在重复试验5次后,其饱和吸油量约为初次使用的50%,具有很好的重复使用性能。     

天然中空异形萝藦种毛纤维的吸油性能

为探究萝藦种毛纤维在吸油领域的应用潜力,实现纤维的高值化利用,采用光学接触角测量仪测量了水及不同油剂在萝藦种毛纤维表面的静态接触角;利用纤维成像系统对比观察了吸油前后及重复吸油后纤维的形貌变化;同时分析了其对不同油剂的静态吸油、保油及重复吸油性能,并以该纤维为过滤层初步分析其对油水混合物的分离性能。结果表明:萝藦种毛纤维具有优异亲油疏水性,与纯水的静态接触角为151.12°;因纤维间隙及中空结构的吸油储油作用,其对植物油、机油和柴油具有较高的饱和吸油倍率,分别为81.52、77.62和57.22 g/g;经 12 h 重力沥干,保油率仍可达到79.1%、75.4%和72.0%;经8次循环使用后,纤维的吸油倍率分别下降了23.4%、22.2%和20.7%;经4次过滤后,纤维对植物油的分离效率达98.0%,可初步实现油水分离。     

废弃亚麻热解处理吸油材料的制备及其吸附性能

为合理利用废弃亚麻,为废弃纺织品的再利用开辟新途径,以废旧亚麻为原料进行热解处理,研究热解处理后亚麻的吸油性能。利用红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射等手段对亚麻纤维的化学结构、形貌、结晶情况等进行了表征,比较了改性前后纤维的接触角、吸油倍率,测试了热解亚麻的制成率,并分析了温度、时间、废水含油量、重复吸油次数等参数对吸油倍率的影响。实验结果表明:热处理后亚麻的亲水性基团减少,纤维表面粗糙程度提高,纤维内部部分结晶区受到破坏,拒水亲油性能提高,吸油倍率约是未处理亚麻的1.5倍,在吸附时间为10 min左右,热处理亚麻可达到吸油平衡,具有较好的快速、重复吸油能力。     

羽毛纤维基吸油纸的制备及其性能研究

以羽毛纤维为原料制备吸油纸，利用扫描电镜探究3种羽毛纤维（大毛片、小毛片和朵绒）形貌和纤维微观结构对其吸附性能的影响，并将其与木浆纤维、热黏纤维进行对比分析。结果表明，羽毛纤维对油类物质有很强的吸附性，亲油疏水特性明显；酸处理对羽毛纤维吸油性能有影响，当硫酸浓度为2%时，羽毛纤维吸油效果好。随着羽毛纤维含量的增加，所制备吸油纸的吸油倍率先上升后下降、吸油速率上升、保油率下降，当羽毛纤维含量为70%时，所制备的吸油纸吸油倍率为25.0 g/g，吸油纸重复使用6次后，其吸油倍率为首次使用时的50%。     

Evaluation of electrospun polyvinyl chloride/polystyrene fibers as sorbent materials for oil spill cleanup

A novel, high-capacity oil sorbent consisting of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)/polystyrene (PS) fiber was prepared by an electrospinning process. The sorption capacity, oil/water selectivity, and sorption mechanism of the PVC/PS sorbent were studied. The results showed that the sorption capacities of the PVC/PS sorbent for motor oil, peanut oil, diesel, and ethylene glycol were 146, 119, 38, and 81 g/g, respectively. It was about 5-9 times that of a commercial polypropylene (PP) sorbent. The PVC/PS sorbent also had excellent oil/water selectivity (about 1000 times) and high buoyancy in the cleanup of oil over water. The SEM analysis indicated that voids among fibers were the key for the high capacity. The electrospun PVC/PS sorbent is a better alternative to the widely used PP sorbent for oil spill cleanup.     

Oil Spill Cleanup by Hydrophobic Natural Fibers

This article evaluates and compares on oil wetting and sorption performance of three natural fiber assemblies made by kapok, cattail and cotton fibers in application of absorbing vegetable oil. The three fibers were naturally hydrophobic and oleophilic. The water stood on the fibers’ surfaces with the contact angles between 120° and 145°, while oil droplet disappeared quickly from the fibers’ surfaces within several seconds. When applied as the oil sorbents, it was found that the three fiber assemblies showed quick oil uptake. Among them, kapok fiber assembly showed exceptionally high oil sorption and retention capacity. The presence of big hollow lumens which contributed to 77 % of the fiber’s volume was the important reason for this. Cattail fiber was bamboo-shaped. The fiber was short (3–11 mm). However, the formation of numerous of bamboo-liked lumens between neighboring fibers in cattail fiber assembly contributed to it quick oil sorption and excellent oil retention capacity, despite of relatively low oil absorbency. Although faster oil spreading comparing to kapok fibers, cotton fibers showed much lower oil absorbency and retention capacity, due to its collapsed lumens which considerably reduced its available pores for oil sorption.     

Recycled wool-based nonwoven material as an oil sorbent

The aim of this study was to highlight the possibility of using recycled wool-based nonwoven material as a sorbent in an oil spill cleanup. This material sorbed higher amounts of base oil SN 150 than diesel or crude oil from the surface of a demineralized or artificial seawater bath. Superficial modification of material with the biopolymer chitosan and low-temperature air plasma led to a slight decrease of sorption capacity. Loose fibers of the same origin as nonwoven material have significantly higher sorption capacities than investigated nonwoven material. White light scanning interferometry analysis of the fibers suggested that roughness of the wool fiber surface has an important role in oil sorption. The laboratory experiments demonstrated that this material is reusable. Recycled wool-based nonwoven material showed good sorption properties and adequate reusability, indicating that a material based on natural fibers could be a viable alternative to commercially available synthetic materials that have poor biodegradability.     

Oil sorption behavior of acetylated nettle fiber

Abstract

In this work, acetylation of raw nettle fibers was performed to improve the oil sorption capacity. Raw nettle fibers were acetylated with acetic anhydride using N-Bromosuccinimide (NBS) as a catalyst. Box–Behnken experimental design was used to study the effect of some selected parameters such as reaction time, reaction temperature and catalyst concentration (%) on weight percent gain (WPG) and oil sorption behavior. Highest WPG and oil sorption were achieved at 90?min reaction time, 120?°C and 2% catalyst. The oil sorption of acetylated nettle was 23.21?g/g and 18.75?g/g against diesel engine oil and crude oil, respectively. Nettle fibers were also characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis and Scanning electron microscopy. Oil sorption capacity of acetylated nettle were higher than that of commercial polypropylene sorbent. Hence, these acetylated nettle fibers can be used in the place of synthetic sorbents for oil spill cleanup applications.     

Oil removal from water by selective sorption on hydrophobic cotton fibers. 1. Study of sorption properties and comparison with other cotton fiber-based sorbents

Hydrophobic cotton fibers, obtained by acylation of cellulose with fatty acid using microwaves radiations, have a high selective affinity for vegetable or mineral oil, fuel, and petroleum, in aqueous medium. Their sorption capacity (SC) (weight of liquid picked up by a given weight of sorbent) is about 20 g/g, after draining. They are reusable after simple squeezing, and their SC reaches a constant value, ca. 12 g/g. Moreover, this product is stable in water, whereas raw cotton can develop molds, after oil sorption. Besides, it is also biodegradable.     

Oil is a sedimentary supersorbent for polychlorinated biphenyls

The often-observed enhanced sorption of hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs) to sediments is frequently attributed to the presence of soot and soot-like materials. However, sediments may contain other hydrophobic phases, such as weathered oil residues. Previous experiments have shown that these residues can be efficient sorbents for certain PAHs. In this study we investigated sorption of PCBs to sediments contaminated with different concentrations and types of oils, and from that derived oil-water distribution coefficients (Koil). Sorption of PCBs to both fresh and weathered oils was proportional to sorbate hydrophobicity, and no effects of PCB planarity were observed. Furthermore, the experiments demonstrated that different oils sorbed PCBs similarly and extensively (Koil up to 108.3 for PCB 169), and that weathering caused an almost 2-fold increase in sorption of the lower chlorinated PCBs. Koil values indicated that at the PCB equilibrium concentrations tested (pg-ng/L range), for many congeners weathered oil is a stronger sorbent than pure soot and soot-like materials. Due to attenuation of adsorption to the latter materials in sediments (caused by competitive adsorption with organic matter), sedimentary weathered oil will therefore, if present as a separate phase, defeat sedimentary soot, coal, and charcoal as PCB sorbent in most cases. Consequently, weathered oil probably is the ultimate sedimentary sorbent for PCBs and should be included in HOC fate models.     

Einfluss des Extraktstoffanteils ausgewählter fremdländischer Holzarten auf deren Gleichgewichtsfeuchte

The water vapour sorption behaviour of 13 different tropical wood species was examined. The experimentally determined values were analysed with the Hailwood–Horrobin sorption model. According to the Hailwood–Horrobin model the following characteristic values were computed: the monomolecular U_m and polymolecular U_p sorption, the fiber saturation point U_fs, the inaccessibility Z of the sorbent to the sorbate as well as the specific surface of the sorbent Σ. Very large differences exist in the sorption behaviour between the individual wood species. In particular for Canalete (22.8%), Wengé (20.3%) and Doussié (17.8%) a very low fiber saturation point was determined, which is clearly below the values of European wood species (28%–32%) and other examined tropical woods. The ethanol toluol extract of the wood correlates with the moisture content of the polymolecular U_p and total U_tot sorption. The higher the extractives content the lower the equilibrium moisture content U_tot and U_p. The extractives show no influence on the monomolecular-bound water U_m. The chemisorption remains therefore uninfluenced by EtOH–toluol extractives. The reduction of the sorption capacity by rising EtOH–toluol extractive content is due to the bulking effect.     

Effect of cellulose/hemicellulose and lignin on the bioavailability of toluene sorbed to waste paper

Paper constitutes about 38% of municipal solid waste, much of which is disposed of in landfills. Sorption to such lignocellulosic materials may limit the bioavailability of organic contaminants in landfills. The objective of this study was to identify the effect of individual biopolymers in paper on toluene sorption and bioavailability by subjecting fresh and anaerobically degraded office paper and newsprint to enzymatic hydrolysis and acid hydrolysis. Enzymatic degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose had no effect on toluene bioavailability. In contrast, acid-insoluble lignin controlled toluene sorption and bioavailability for both fresh and degraded newsprint. Acid-insoluble lignin could explain only 54% of the toluene sorption capacity of degraded office paper however, suggesting that crude protein and/or lipophilic organic matter were also important sorbent phases. Toluene sorbed to degraded office paper was also less bioavailable than toluene sorbed to an equivalent mass of lignin extracted from this sorbent. The latter result suggests that a fraction of toluene sorbed to degraded office paper may have been sequestered by lipophilic organic matter. The sorption and bioavailability data indicate that the preferential decomposition of cellulose and hemicellulose relative to lignin in landfills should not decrease the overall toluene sorption capacity of paperwaste or increase the bioavailability of sorbed toluene.     

Study of poly(vinyl chloride) nanofiber structured assemblies as oil sorbents

The most significant feature of Nanofiber electrospinning is its capability of producing very fine Nanofiber mats which can be suitable as oil absorbent. This paper presents an investigation of oil adsorption and retention of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) Nanofiber mat absorbent. The emphasis is on the numerical modeling of the oil sorption capacity and the factors affecting it such as the packing density and the Nanofiber diameter. Finally, the mechanism of absorbent property enhancement and the ways to improve performance and fracture toughness for oil sorption are discussed. To enhance the oil sorption, it was suggested to add a low percentage of cellulose acetate (CA) and assess the performance of various Nanofibers as absorbent material. When the results of these studies were compared to results that of PVC Nanofiber mat, it was shown that PVC/CA 8% blend absorbs oil more efficiently.