国内外即食食品微生物限量标准解析

通过解析国际食品法典委员会、欧盟,以及澳大利亚和新西兰、英国、加拿大、美国、韩国、中国香港和澳门地区的即食食品微生物限量标准,比较微生物指标设定特点和限量要求,为我国制定即食食品微生物限量标准提供技术依据。     

即食熟肉微生物限量研究

通过比较国内外即食熟肉微生物限量标准,调研餐饮业售卖即食熟肉卫生情况,为相关标准规范制定和餐饮业监管提供技术依据.     

嘉兴市即食食品中致病微生物的污染现状调查

目的了解市售食品中食源性致病微生物的污染现状,发现高危食品,为预防和控制食源性疾病提供科学依据。方法在农贸市场、超市和餐饮环节采集与嘉兴市消费者生活密切相关的8类即食食品,开展常见致病微生物监测。结果采集的640份食品样品中,检出致病菌56株,检出率为8.75%(56/640),检出菌株以副溶血性弧菌为主,占总检出数的69.64%(39/56);金黄色葡萄球菌居次位,占14.29%;单核细胞增生李斯特菌、蜡样芽胞杆菌和创伤弧菌占比依次为8.93%、5.36%和1.79%。三季度致病微生物检出率(16.92%)最高,农贸市场、散装食品、水产品检出率相对较高,分别为17.60%、13.30%和25.00%。结论嘉兴市即食食品存在食源性致病微生物污染风险,需加强监督管理、规范食品操作和提高人群健康教育水平。     

香港放宽特定食品以外的即食食品中李斯特菌含量标准

香港特区政府食物环境卫生署食物安全中心从2007年5月28日起实行即食食品微生物含量新指引，除冷藏食品和婴儿食品外，放宽其他即食食品中李斯特菌含量限制。     

国内外发酵肉制品微生物限量标准比较研究

论述了国内外发酵肉制品的历史起源及发展现状,对我国发酵肉制品发展进行探讨,指出发酵肉制品中有害微生物的危害,并通过比较国外一些国家的微生物限量标准,指出我国发酵肉制品微生物限量标准的重要性和紧迫性,对我国发酵肉制品微生物限量标准制定提出几点意见。     

国内外发酵肉制品微生物限量标准比较研究

本文论述了国内外发酵肉制品的历史起源及发展现状,对我国发酵肉制品发展进行探讨,指出发酵肉制品中有害微生物的危害,并通过比较国外一些国家的微生物限量标准,指出我国发酵肉制品微生物限量标准的重要性和紧迫性,对我国发酵肉制品微生物限量标准制定提出几点意见。     

国内外婴幼儿食品中重金属限量标准比较分析

重金属是影响婴幼儿食品安全的重要风险因素,也是各国家/组织食品安全关注的焦点,而制定严格的限量标准是控制此类风险的重要措施。本文分析了国际食品法典委员会（CAC）、欧盟、美国、新加坡、澳大利亚和新西兰、加拿大、韩国及我国婴幼儿食品中重金属限量标准状况,比较了国内外限量标准的差异,据此提出了完善我国婴幼儿食品中重金属限量标准的建议,以及进出口婴幼儿食品生产、监管中需要注意的问题。     

食品中微生物限量要求及检测技术发展趋势

近年来,国家食品安全抽检不合格情况以及我国食源性疾病暴发检测的数据显示,食品安全抽检不合格情况以及食源性疾病的引发原因中,微生物因素是首要因素。食品微生物检测目前受重视程度越来越高。本文从预包装食品和散装食品两个种类分析目前的微生物限量要求,综述了7种食品微生物检验技术,指出食品微生物检测技术的未来发展方向。     

2020年贵阳市城区部分集贸市场即食食品微生物污染情况调查

目的 了解集贸市场即食食品微生物污染情况,分析食源性沙门菌菌株生物学特征,评价食品卫生状况及致病风险。方法 随机选取人群消费较集中的5家大型集贸市场,按照国家食品安全标准对其售卖的即食食品进行食品微生物检测,同时对沙门菌血清型、抗生素耐药性及PFGE聚类进行分析。结果 131份即食食品中大肠菌群检出率62.59%（82/131）,并检出了沙门菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等致病微生物。沙门菌血清型多样,其PFGE图谱较分散,菌株出现多重耐药。结论 即食食品卫生状况普遍较差,生肉食品中检测出沙门菌,容易与即食食品发生交叉污染而引发食源性疾病,应加强即食食品及生肉制品的管理。     

国内外生鲜牛肉食源性致病微生物标准限量比较研究

论述了我国生鲜牛肉中主要食源性致病微生物的危害及污染状况,指出我国生鲜牛肉存在着被各种食源性致病菌污染的情况和风险。通过对国外一些国家的食源性致病微生物限量标准进行比较分析,指出我国生鲜牛肉食源性致病微生物限量标准与国际标准存在一定的差距,以及我国建立生鲜牛肉食源性致病微生物限量标准的重要性和紧迫性,并对我国生鲜牛肉微生物限量标准制定提出几点建议和意见。     

PCR-膜芯片技术快速筛查非预包装即食食品中食源性致病菌

目的 开发高效、快速的食源性致病菌检测方法,筛查非预包装即食食品中食源性致病菌.方法 采集的样品通过混合培养基,得到浓缩溶液,提取并纯化DNA,后基于膜芯片技术平台,采用多重PCR与膜芯片技术联用,检测样本中9种食源性致病菌.结果 本检测体系方法具有良好重复性、再现性和特异性,综合检出限为0.01 ng核酸样本(约10...     

我国传统酿造食品卫生微生物标准刍议

对我国传统酿造食品的特点和酿造工艺进行分析,阐明酿造过程中发酵微生物、发酵产物和污染微生物之间的相互关系,分析了我国酿造食品的卫生标准现状,提出了应进一步修订我国传统酿造食品微生物标准的建议。     

食品卫生微生物学指标设定上的国内外差异

制定微生物指标不仅是为了检验食品终产品的卫生质量，而且在国际上广泛用于食品生产、运输和销售等全过程的监测和HACCP的验证。在我国食品卫生标准体系中，有关微生物检验的采样、检测方法以及指标表述方面与国际通行做法上有较大差距。通过介绍国际食品法典委员会制定微生物学指标的原则和要点，提出完善我国食品卫生标准体系的建议。     

Thermal pasteurization of ready-to-eat foods and vegetables: Critical factors for process design and effects on quality

Increasing consumer desire for high quality ready-to-eat foods makes thermal pasteurization important to both food producers and researchers. To be in compliance with the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA), food companies seek regulatory and scientific guidelines to ensure that their products are safe. Clearly understanding the regulations for chilled or frozen foods is of fundamental importance to the design of thermal pasteurization processes for vegetables that meet food safety requirements. This article provides an overview of the current regulations and guidelines for pasteurization in the U.S. and in Europe for control of bacterial pathogens. Poorly understood viral pathogens, in terms of their survival in thermal treatments, are an increasing concern for both food safety regulators and scientists. New data on heat resistance of viruses in different foods are summarized. Food quality attributes are sensitive to thermal degradation. A review of thermal kinetics of inactivation of quality-related enzymes in vegetables and the effects of thermal pasteurization on vegetable quality is presented. The review also discusses shelf-life of thermally pasteurized vegetables.     

Growth of Listeria monocytogenes in refrigerated ready-to-eat foods in Japan

The ability of L. monocytogenes to grow in a series of Japanese ready-to-eat (RTE) foods, including boiled baby sardine and Japanese pickle, was tested at two different refrigeration temperatures. In RTE foods in which L. monocytogenes can grow, growth was significantly higher at 10°C than that at 4°C during their shelf lives and growth patterns varied extensively among the different types of foods. However, growth did not occur at 4°C within the shelf life of certain RTE foods, such as broiled squid. The patterns of growth were varied extensively with different sample types. These results suggest that some types of traditional Japanese RTE foods stored at 10°C may be potential sources of listeriosis. To reduce the risk of food-borne listeriosis, studies to determine the contamination levels in RTE foods and the effects of storage temperature on their shelf lives are needed.     

进出口食品微生物检验有关问题的探讨

为进一步做好食品卫生检验工作以适应我国加入WTo后的形势，根据进出口工作的实践，提出食品微生物检验工作中存在的问题：食品保质期与检验周期存在一定的冲突；抽样方法不尽完善；标准不适应工作的需要；检验方法和手段落后；检验成本核算过低。建议对保质期短的食品的生产企业实行HACCP管理；修订我国的微生物检验工作的采样方法；统一进出口食品微生物检验标准，根据需要增加新标准，增减原标准中的项目；采用先进的检验仪器、试剂、方法；按成本重新核定收费标准。     

即时食品蜡样芽孢杆菌快速检测标准曲线模型的研究

本实验研究建立了一种即时食品蜡样芽孢杆菌快速检测模型.基于实时光电检测技术,将蜡样芽孢杆菌标准菌株(CICC10041)菌液进行7次10倍递增稀释,每个稀释度进行国标法和实时光电法2种方法5次重复测定,获得35组一一对应的数据,以国标法计数结果的对数值为纵坐标,以实时光电法相应稀释度的DT值为横坐标,建立标准曲线模型,...     

预制调理食品中的常见微生物及其防控

预制调理食品是食品产业中快速增长的热点。由于预制调理食品经过简单处理即可直接食用,如果在加工过程中杀菌不彻底或者贮藏流通过程中条件不完善,容易受到微生物的污染,引发食源性疾病。本文分析了各类预制调理食品易污染的微生物,综述了相关病原微生物防控措施的研究进展,提出了预制调理食品病原微生物研究的方向。      

各国预包装食品标签食品添加剂标示规定的对照分析

食品添加剂的标示是食品标签的重要内容，为规范食品添加剂在预包装食品标签中的标示行为，本文就国内外预包装食品标签对食品添加剂标示的规定进行分析比较。     

Harmonised procedures for producing new data on the nutritional composition of ethnic foods

Food composition databases provide important data that can be used in a variety of ways to improve the nutritional quality of food and the health of the populations. The multicultural nature of European populations, together with increased travel and the globalisation of the food supply, has led to an increase in the consumption of ethnic foods by both mainstream and ethnic populations. However, the information that is available on the composition of ethnic foods is currently incomplete and fragmentary which both prevents effective health and disease interventions and limits the provision of dietary advice and information. One of the aims of the ethnic foods work package within the European Commission’s FP6 Network of Excellence EuroFIR is the provision of new and reliable data on the nutritional composition of ethnic foods from seven EU Member States and Israel for inclusion in national food composition databases. To achieve this goal, specific standards and mechanisms were developed to sample and analyse foods to harmonise procedures. Given the anticipated usage of the data it was essential that they were representative of the foods consumed in the country or region and that proper sampling procedures of the foods were employed. The most important nutrients were prioritised and analysed by selected accredited laboratories. The analytical methods selected were appropriate to fulfil the requirements of the resulting data. Quality assurance measures (ISO 17025, CRMs, IQC) were in place and the data accurately reflected the composition of chosen foods. This paper describes the procedures for producing validated new data for inclusion in forthcoming publications.