向老师问路(三十二)

1995年2月,瑞典斯德哥尔摩市出现了免费的都会报--,在地铁等交通要道赠与行人,随后欧洲各国地铁火车等通勤地区开始效仿,陆续出现免费报纸,并且开始流行.2000年,免费报纸的概念传到美洲与亚洲,当时全球有50余种免费报纸,在20多个国家发行,总发行量达800万份.2006年,总发行量增加到3500万份.在欧洲,免费报纸最为流行,冰岛、丹麦、西班牙等国家免费报纸的发行量超过了收费报纸,希腊、匈牙利、意大利、立陶宛、葡萄牙、瑞士、瑞典等国发行量最大的报纸都是免费报纸.根据世界报业协会公布的报告显示,免费报纸已成气候、势不可当,且竞争激烈.丹麦的免费报纸就是最好的例子.     

Analysis and Suggestions for Process Control of Offset Platemaking

International Standard ISO 12218 applies to the process control of offset platemaking for the conventional technology. Based on the comparative analysis the paper shows the necessity of more strict process control for the CtP technology for which there is no common approach among plate manufacturers. Attaining the basic working properties of printing formes and quality parameters of image elements has been suggested as a basis of such an approach.     

"太湖新标"和周边纺企

记者日前从江苏省环保厅了解到,《太湖地区城镇污水处理厂及重点工业行业主要水污染物排放限值》新近出炉,于2008年1月1日起这一标准将在包括无锡、常州、苏州市辖区、南京市溧水县、高淳县,镇江市丹阳市、句容市等太湖流域实施.这是省委、省政府在今年5月太湖蓝藻爆发后,按照铁腕治污、加速调整我省产业结构、淘汰落后产能的要求,组织省环保厅、省质监局编制制定的.     

一些寿山石新品种的宝石学研究

对二号矿石、汶洋石、山仔濑石、房栊岩石、山秀园石、芙蓉石、大山石等一些近年来在寿山石市场上较为常见的寿山石品种进行了研究,详细测定了它们的密度、硬度和矿物组成等.研究表明,二号矿石、房栊岩石和大山石主要由地开石组成,连江黄石、山仔濑石和汶洋石主要含有伊利石,叶蜡石是芙蓉石和山秀园石寿山石品种的主要矿物组成.综合现有的研究资料,建议将寿山石分为田石系、高山石系、月洋石系和连江黄石系.     

创新与环保——纸盒业的双轮驱动力

纸盒业具有巨大的潜力,但生产商如果想要赢得更多的业务,就必须遵循"创新"与"环保"的发展路线. "创新"和"功能"是纸盒和纸盒成形业出现频率较高的词汇,即提供品牌拥有者和零售商所期望并能够花钱购买的产品,同时这个产品还填补了需求的空白.然而也有另外两个词与之威力相当,那就是"可持续(sustainability)"和"再生(recycling)".     

薄利广销加跟踪服务使工业盐销量连年递增——河南新乡市盐业局开创营销创新调研报告

简述了新乡盐业理清思路,更新观念,创新经营,培育市场.薄利广销,跟踪服务,实现供需和谐共赢的经验.为盐行业提供一个典型案例.     

奶香南瓜馅心制作工艺的研究

以南瓜为主要原料,配以花生油、白砂糖、炼乳和精制小麦粉等辅料,制作用于包子、月饼及包馅类点心的奶香南瓜馅心.结果显示,奶香南瓜馅心的最佳配料为在500 g南瓜泥中添加100 g白砂糖、70 g花生油、50 g炼乳和40 g精制小麦粉.该馅心具有南瓜香味和奶香味,色泽鲜亮,口感细腻滑润.     

美国油脂化学家协会在世界贸易中的作用——质量保障检测、有证标准物质和国际联络活动（网络首发、推荐阅读）

The American Oil Chemists’ Society(AOCS) is a volunteer-led association. AOCS develops and publishes methods of analysis for fats, oils, proteins, surfactants, and related materials according to accepted international standards to ensure equitable trade practices on a global scale. AOCS Official Method development has been going on for over a hundred years. The founding vision of AOCS in 1909 was "an organization designed for the development and advancement of analytical methods for cottonseed products." AOCS Official Methods are essential to world trade and are used to confirm the value of billions of pounds of oilseed-based commodities and finished products each year. In addition, AOCS conducts proficiency testing, provides certified reference materials, and collaborates with other standards developers including the International Organization for Standardization(ISO) and the Codex Alimentarius Commission. AOCS serves as a professional scientific membership organization providing current and emerging information as well as disseminating research results in oils, fats, lipids, proteins, surfactants, and related materials. Several avenues are used, especially meetings, publications, interest groups, networking opportunities, and web presence. Many scientists, experts, and others engaged in working in these fields find their professional "home" in AOCS. The AOCS Technical Leadership Committee comprises some of the most experienced AOCS members and scientists. The AOCS Technical Services department staff relies on this committee for guidance on scientific matters and for advice in prioritizing the opportunities facing AOCS.     

REACH法规实施细则解读(二)

5 实施REACH法规的负面影响 2003年,欧盟委员会在其对化学品生产商和进口商的测试和注册费进行评估后的报告中称,估计在11年内(2008年至2018年),由测试和注册产生的直接成本总计约23亿欧元.如果有1%～2%的物质停止生产,面临高额替代时,下游用户将增加成本5～13亿欧元.这是针对欧盟范围内的化工企业和下游用户而言的.     

宰后肉成熟过程中的风味变化

介绍宰后肉在成熟过程中风味的变化,分别阐述肌糖原、蛋白质、脂类、核苷酸等几类化合物对肉风味的贡献.生肉很少有香味.并且只具有一种类似血腥的味道,但在宰后肉成熟的过程中所产生的丰富的具有味觉属性的化合物.以及香味的前提物质和风味增强剂对肉的感官性质产生巨大影响.     

造纸车间控制阀门的选择

针对轻涂纸车间的工艺特点、介质性质，对阀门的选型作了一些初步的探讨，主要是阀门口径计算、流量特性分析，以及针对纸机工艺对纸机工艺对材质等方面的选型。     

泵在食品行业的应用选择

根据食品的卫生要求, 阐述了卫生泵的选择特点。并从产品价值及工业匹配角度介绍卫生泵的选择。给食品行业广大用户提供了参考。     

刨花板生产线的工艺配置与设备选型

根据我国刨花板产业的实际情况,介绍不同产能规模刨花板生产线的工艺配置及设备选型。     

定向刨花板生产工艺及设备选型

介绍定向刨花板生产工艺、影响定向刨花板质量的主要因素和生产线设备选型。     

南瓜胡萝卜饼的加工工艺及设备选型

以南瓜、胡萝卜为主要原料 ,经清洗、切片、蒸煮、粉碎、成型、包装等工艺加工成即食营养保健南瓜胡萝卜饼。本文详细研究了每步工艺所需设备的选型及配套流程。     

Development of an optimal index to improve lactation yield and persistency with the least selection intensity

It is important to have improvement in both lactation milk yield and persistency. Modification of the lactation curve requires severe restrictions on selection criteria designed to simultaneously improve both milk yield and persistency. As a result, manipulating the lactation curve for improved persistency requires higher selection intensity than unrestricted selection based on 305-d estimated breeding value (EBV). Our study showed that for a given restriction imposed on both milk EBV and persistency, it is possible to derive different indexes to achieve this selection constraint with different degrees of selection intensity. Of the class of indexes that meets the same restriction, it is preferable to choose the index that requires the least selection intensity because it is easier to achieve the selection goal with the use of an index that requires a lower selection intensity than a higher selection intensity. An optimal index based on random regression (RR) coefficients was developed to achieve the prespecified stage genetic gains with the lowest selection intensity. A conversion equation was derived to convert the selection index based on RR coefficients to the selection index based on stage EBV with the lowest selection intensity. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate the procedures developed compared with conventional selection based on 305-d milk EBV.     

异麦芽酮糖醇的生产工艺及其设备选型

介绍了以蔗糖为原料生产异麦芽酮糖醇的工艺流程、主要设备选型和技术经济评价.     

大豆豆酪素的开发生产

豆酪素是一种大豆蛋白质胶黏剂,在工业上得到广泛的应用。豆酪素开发生产时,从豆粕中萃取蛋白的加水量、pH、温度、浸提时间,以及干燥的温度等工艺条件对蛋白质提取率和功能性有直接影响;而设备的选型将直接影响豆酪素工业化生产的产品质量。以中试数据为依据,对豆酪素工业化生产的工艺条件、设备选型进行了探讨。     

Application of controlling instruments for improvements in cow sire selection

National estimated breeding values of bulls from 1998 through 2006 from 12 different German artificial insemination (AI) organizations were used to determine the differences in expected and realized selection intensities for cow sire selection, considering the total merit index as well as subindexes for production, conformation, somatic cell count, fertility, and functional herd life. The expected selection intensity was derived from a Gaussian distribution and from the replacement rate describing the percentage of bulls graduated as cow sires from the total amount of progeny-tested young bulls within the AI organization and by birth year. Realized selection intensities for all indexes were derived from the selection differential of cow sires, defined as the deviation of the average index of selected cow sires from the average index of the total number of progeny-tested young bulls. A low replacement rate of cow sires was associated with relatively high realized selection intensities for the total merit, production, and conformation indexes, but was not related to the somatic cell count, fertility, and functional herd life indexes. The controlling value, defined as the ratio of realized to expected selection intensities, indicates the effectiveness of cow sire selection for different traits. Low controlling values (i.e., low realized selection intensities in combination with moderate or high expected selection intensities) suggest improvements in the step of cow sire selection, especially when discussing the total merit index. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences in expected selection intensities, realized selection intensities, and controlling values for the total merit, production, and conformation indexes between AI organizations and birth years of bulls. Artificial insemination organizations applying well-defined breeding policies (e.g., high controlling values for the total merit index) were successful in the national competition when evaluated according to the national top lists for the respective indexes, regardless of the active population size. The suggested method also allows for comparison of the importance of different indexes in selection decisions. Furthermore, controlling values can monitor additional potential in the improvement of cow sire selection with respect to improvement of the genetic level in the whole population. The development of appropriate selection tools or controlling instruments is of increasing concern for monitoring selection policies in the short term as well as for establishing sustainable breeding policies.     

现代啤酒工厂原料和糖化工段的设备选择

本文着重对新建啤酒工厂原料和糖化工段使用的各种设备如何选择进行了系统的介绍,范围覆盖了从原料进仓到冷麦汁的制成,旨在为在建或技改的啤酒企业提供参考.