谷氨酰胺转胺酶理化性质及在乳品中的应用

谷氨酰胺转胺酶是一种催化酰基转移反应的转移酶,它可使蛋白分子间和分子内产生共价交联反应,从而改善食品蛋白质的功能特性。本文主要论述了谷氨酰胺转胺酶的理化性质、作用机理以及它在乳品加工中的应用。     

谷氨酰胺转胺酶特性及其在肉制品中的应用

谷氨酰胺转胺酶可以催化蛋白质分子内或分子间的酰基转移反应,通过形成的交联键改善蛋白质的功能性质。本文介绍了谷氨酰胺转胺酶的特性、作用机理及其在肉制品中的应用。     

谷氨酰胺转胺酶的功能特性及在动物性食品中的应用研究

谷氨酰胺转胺酶可以催化蛋白质分子内或分子间的酰基转移反应，通过形成的交联键改善蛋白质的功能性质。本文主要介绍了谷氨酰胺转胺酶的作用机理、功能特性及其在动物性食品加工业以及开发新型食品中的应用。     

谷氨酰胺转胺酶的特性及其应用研究进展

谷氨酰胺转胺酶是一种催化酰基转移反应的转移酶,它可改变蛋白的功能特性,使酪蛋白、肌球蛋白、谷蛋白等分子间和分子内产生共价交联。介绍了谷氨酰胺转胺酶的来源、性质、作用机理和在食品、纺织、医药及皮革中的应用前景。     

谷氨酰胺转胺酶及其在食品工业中的作用

谷氨酰胺转胺酶是一种新型的酶制剂，可使蛋白质分子或多肽链之间发生共价交联，从而改善蛋白质凝胶特性、营养价值以及增强乳化稳定性和热稳定性等。本文介绍了谷氨酰胺转胺酶的来源、作用机理、影响其反应的因素及谷氨酰胺转胺酶在食品工业中的作用。     

谷氨酰胺转胺酶的性质及在食品中的应用

谷氨酰胺转胺酶是一种催化酰基转移反应的转移酶，它可使酪蛋白、肌球蛋白、谷蛋白和乳球蛋白等蛋白质分子之间产生交联，从而改变食品蛋白质的功能性质。本论述了谷氨酰胺转胺酶的性质及在食品开发中的应用。     

微生物谷氨酰胺转胺酶的应用进展

谷氨酰胺转胺酶是一种催化酰基转移反应的转移酶,它可使酪蛋白、肌球蛋白、谷蛋白和乳球蛋白等分子之间产生交联,改变蛋白质的功能性质,简述了谷氨酰胺转胺酶在食品应用的一些最新进展。     

谷氨酰胺转胺酶的特性及其在食品工业中的应用

谷氨酰胺转胺酶可以催化蛋白质分子内或分子间的酰基转移反应，通过形成的交联键改善蛋白质的功能性质。本文介绍了谷氨酰胺转胺酶的作用机理及谷氨酰胺转胺酶在食品工业中的应用。     

谷氨酰胺转胺酶对于重组羊肉卷形成效果的初探

谷氨酰胺转胺酶是一种催化酰基转移反应的转移酶，可以将蛋白质中和￡一氨基结合的赖氨酸残基作为受体。在分子间和分子内形成交联反应。把细小块状组分碎肉粘合起来。因而多被用于重组肉制品的生产中。本实验以碎羊肉为原料。选择谷氨酰胺转胺酶的最优添加浓度。重组加工生产羊肉卷。结果表明：添加0．05％谷氨酰胺转胺酶。不仅可以粘合碎羊肉。而且也能提高产品的品质。     

重组牛肉生产牛肉干的研究

谷氨酰胺转胺酶是一种催化酰基转移反应的转移酶,它可使用酪蛋白、肌球蛋白、谷蛋白和乳球蛋白等分子之间产生交联,改变蛋白质的功能性质。采用碎牛肉为主要原料,配以各种辅料,添加谷氨酰胺转胺酶,经过多次试验,优化工艺配方,研制出一种色泽、口感、风味均被人们接受的重组牛肉干。     

小麦面筋蛋白糖基化改性研究进展

小麦面筋蛋白是麦谷蛋白和麦醇溶蛋白与水结合形成的独特产物,具有优良的黏弹性和延伸性,但是由于水溶性差,应用受到较大限制。蛋白质的糖基化修饰,是将糖类物质以共价键连接的方式导入蛋白质分子中,糖基化能改善面筋蛋白溶解性、乳化性和起泡性等性质,使其应用于不同领域。本文从面筋蛋白糖基化的机理、糖的种类、糖基化对面筋蛋白理化性质的影响、糖基化面筋蛋白的应用等方面综述了小麦面筋蛋白糖基化的研究进展。     

Functional,nutritional and conformational changes from deamidation of wheat gluten with succinic acid and citric acid

Changes in deamidation degree, hydrolysis degree, nitrogen soluble index, the foaming and emulsification properties, the tertiary and secondary conformation and nutritional property of wheat gluten deamidated with succinic acid and citric acid were identified. Succinic acid and citric acid were found to effectively deamidate the amides in wheat gluten proteins into carboxyl groups, which resulted in a significant increase of the nitrogen soluble index of wheat gluten. Deamidation of wheat gluten by succinic acid was found to be more efficient than that with citric acid, although wheat gluten treated with succinic acid exhibited less improvement in the foaming capacity and stability and experienced inhibition in the emulsification activity compared with the gluten treated with citric acid. Wheat gluten deamidated with citric acid exhibited more flexible protein molecules, greater changes in the tertiary and secondary structures and better nutritional characteristics. These results may be useful to the food processing industry.     

Gluten Gel and Film Properties in the Presence of Cysteine and Sodium Alginate

ABSTRACT:  Wheat flour has an ability of forming dough by mixing with water, which exhibits a rheological property required for making bread. The major protein is gluten, which is a valuable protein material for food industry. In this study, gluten protein gels and films were formed with cysteine and sodium alginate. Adding cysteine improved gel and film properties (stress relaxation behavior, bending strength). The gel containing 0.01 M cysteine had a longer relaxation time and was more rigid than the gel without cysteine. Although adding sodium alginate to the gluten suspension containing cysteine improved the water-holding ability and homogeneity of the gel network, the film from this gel was more brittle than the gluten film with cysteine alone. Microstructural observations of the gels and films with scanning electron microscopy suggested that water evaporation was more heterogeneous from the gel containing sodium alginate than from the gel with cysteine alone. Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) analysis during film formation suggested that the presence of cysteine encourages interaction between gluten molecules and results in intermolecular β-sheet formation in earlier stages than in the no additive condition. FT-IR results also suggested that the combined effect of sodium alginate and cysteine on the protein secondary structure was remarkably different from that of cysteine alone. Our results suggest that addition of a suitable amount of cysteine (0.01 M) and heat treatment to 80 °C during gluten gel and film formation induces a homogenous network in the gel and film by regulating disulfide–sulfide interactions.     

Influence of the presence of monoglyceride on the interfacial properties of wheat gluten

BACKGROUND: The physical stability of several food systems depends strongly on their interfacial properties, which may be modified by adding proteins and low‐molecular‐weight surfactants to their formulation. This study deals with the possibility of using wheat gluten to alter the surface and interfacial properties of an aqueous system, considering the effects of protein concentration, pH and the presence of monostearin. RESULTS: It was generally found that the surface tension decreased as the protein concentration increased, reaching a minimum value at 0.5 g kg^?1. The influence of protein concentration on surface tension was much greater than the effect of pH owing to the low ionic character of wheat gluten protein. At acidic and alkaline pH values the interfacial viscosity of the protein system underwent a significant increase with time. The addition of monostearin either promoted the displacement of protein molecules at the interface or generated an interfacial mixed film with surface tension values lower than those of both single components, depending on the pH. CONCLUSION: The results obtained indicate that gluten can contribute to the stabilisation of air/water and oil/water interfaces in some food systems (emulsions, foams, etc.). Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

谷氨酰胺转氨酶改性核桃谷蛋白的结构表征分析

核桃榨油后会产生大量的核桃饼粕副产物,而副产物中含有人体所需的优质性蛋白常被充当饲料或直接填埋处理,对于环境的污染较为严重。采用谷氨酰胺转氨酶对核桃饼粕中的谷蛋白进行改性处理,通过改变谷蛋白的分子构象,使核桃蛋白的功能特性得以改变。经过改性处理,得到改性后的核桃谷蛋白溶解性提升了0.97倍;由光谱学测定分析得知,经谷氨酰胺转氨酶改性后蛋白的微观性结构发生变化,为核桃蛋白功能性产品的开发以及在食药中的应用提供相应的分析依据。     

小麦面筋蛋白研究进展

小麦面筋蛋白是一种营养丰富、物美价廉的植物性蛋白,在食品和非食品领域都有着广泛的应用。但由于天然的小麦面筋蛋白流变性和热稳定性相对较差,使其应用范围受到一定的限制。因此,小麦面筋蛋白的改性对开发其新的应用价值显得尤为重要。综述了小麦面筋蛋白结构和功能性质的一些影响因素,探讨了小麦面筋蛋白的几种改性方法,以期为提高小麦面筋蛋白的应用价值提供支撑。     

谷氨酰胺转胺酶对谷朊质构和流变性质的影响

谷朊是淀粉加工的重要副产品。为了提高谷朊产量和改善谷朊性质,在制备谷朊的过程中,向面浆中加入微生物转谷氨酰胺酶(MTG)。结果表明,随着酶量的增加,谷朊的蛋白含量提高了3.98%。湿面筋的延伸性和回复性随酶量的增加逐渐减小。通过谷朊蛋白质分子羧基含量的测定和蛋白质分子间相互作用力的分析,在MTG作用100min后蛋白分子的羧基含量上升,蛋白质之间疏水相互作用明显减弱。研究表明,在微生物转谷氨酰胺酶(MTG)作用下谷朊的性质产生了明显的变化。     

小麦面筋蛋白组成、结构和功能特性

小麦面筋蛋白(俗称谷朊粉)主要由麦醇溶蛋白和麦谷蛋白组成,其蛋白组成和结构是影响小麦面团特性和烘焙品质重要因素。该文对小麦面筋蛋白组成、结构进行综述,以更清楚了解其结构对功能性影响。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖对馒头品质的影响

研究魔芋葡甘聚糖(konjac glucomannan,KGM)对馒头特性的影响,为低血糖指数主食产品的开发提供理论参考,利用质构仪、扫描电子显微镜和感官评价,研究加入0.0%、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%和2.0%KGM对馒头的感官品质、微观结构、质构特性、老化特性等方面的影响。结果表明:添加KGM后,馒头的层状结构出现断裂,整体的面筋网状结构越来越不明显,可能是因为KGM在面筋网络形成过程中黏附在面筋蛋白表面,破坏蛋白质分子间交联。在本实验条件下发现KGM添加量在0.5%时,感官评分最高,和空白对照组(KGM添加量0.0%)相比差别不明显,表明可以在馒头当中添加0.5%KGM制作低血糖指数的馒头。因此,KGM的添加改变了馒头的感官品质、微观结构、质构特性和老化特性。     

Combined effects of wheat gluten and carboxymethylcellulose on dough rheological behaviours and gluten network of potato–wheat flour-based bread

Incorporating high level of potato flour into wheat flour enhances nutritional values of bread but induces a series of problems that lead to the decline of the bread quality. To overcome the barrier, wheat gluten and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) were added into potato–wheat composite flour to improve dough machinability and bread quality. The rheological properties, thermo-mechanical properties and microstructures of dough were investigated. The results showed that the interaction between gluten and CMC mitigated the discontinuity of gluten matrix and gluten protein aggregation caused by the addition of potato flour, which yielded a more branched and compact gluten network. The compact three-dimensional viscoelastic structure induced improvements of gas retention capacity and dough stability, making it mimic the machinability properties of wheat flour dough. Bread qualities were apparently improved with the combined use of 4% gluten and 6% CMC, of which specific volume increased by 42.86%, and simultaneously, hardness reduced by 75.93%.