3D机织物增强复合材料板的力学性能

以玻璃纤维为原料 ,在普通平面织机上试织成各种结构的 3D机织物 ,并用环氧 -聚酰胺树脂体系 ,通过手糊成型工艺制得各种结构的复合材料板材。经性能测试 ,3D机织物增强复合材料板材的层间剪切性能与抗冲击性能显著优于层合板     

3D间隔纬编针织增强复合材料的研制

利用日用玻璃纤维研制开发了民用的3D间隔纬编针织增强复合材料,介绍该复合材料所选纤维的性能以及这种增强织物的结构特点和优越性。阐述制造这种材料所用的树脂和成型工艺。研制结果表明,该3D间隔纬编针织增强复合材料具有比层合材料更优的性能,其应用前景广阔。     

组合式3D机织物复合材料的拉伸性能

采用正交和角联锁结构进行组合设计,并使用玻璃纤维试织了2种不同结构的组合式3D立体机织物,经与树脂复合制成增强复合材料,对其拉伸性能进行了测试。结果表明,组合式3D机织物增强复合材料具有接近正交3D机织物增强复合材料的弹性模量和抗拉强度。     

对组合式3D机织复合材料纵向拉伸性能的研究

设计并在一般剑杆织机上试织7种不同结构的组合式3D预制件,采用真空辅助成型工艺分别制作这7种复合材料,同时测试各种试样的拉伸性能.在增强体经向截面上经纱总根数（包括垂纱）相同的情况下,研究了试样的结构、结构单元及纬纱层数对材料纵向拉伸性能的影响.     

非织造布增强复合材料的研究

分别采用不同的增强材料、基体材料和成型工艺方法制备出了一系列非织造布增强复合材料，然后对它们的力学性能进行了测试，并研究了不同类型的非织造布、不同的树脂和工艺条件对力学性能的影响，从而选择出最佳的增强体与基体的组合、复合条件和工艺，以制成性能最佳的新型材料。     

玻璃纤维增强复合材料棒材的性能研究

以玻璃纤维为原料，在普通平面织机上试织成功了圆形截面3D机织物。并采用手糊成型工艺，以不饱和聚酯树脂为基体，制得了单向纤维束增强复合材料棒材和圆形截面3D机织物增强复合材料棒材；对这些棒材的性能进行了测试与分析，结果表明：后者的抗冲击强度、层间剪切强度显著优于前者。     

3D机织立体机织预成形体及其复合材料的研制

本项目采用增强纤维(包括玻璃纤维、碳纤维、芳纶纤维、高强聚乙烯等)或增强纤维与热塑性树脂纤维所组成的混合纤维束,构建3D机织结构,研制渐变形、圆形、平板状及空芯结构等截面立体机织预成形体,用于试制3D机织物增强高性能复合材料,     

纳米纤维素增强树脂基复合材料的研究进展

纳米纤维素作为一种绿色环保、可再生的新型功能高分子纳米材料,由于其具有密度低、比表面积大、刚性大等诸多优点,近些年来被广泛应用于树脂材料增强领域。本文首先介绍了纳米纤维素的种类及特性并例举了其在国内外几类常见树脂增强领域中的应用研究进展,其次探讨了纳米纤维素增强复合材料制备的关键因素,为纳米纤维素在相关领域的进一步应用和发展提供了参考,最后展望了纳米纤维素作为树脂增强材料的发展前景。     

玻璃纤维/光敏树脂复合材料的3D打印及其力学性能

为解决光固化3D打印树脂材料强度低的问题,将玻璃纤维与光敏树脂复合,采用光固化3D打印技术制备玻璃纤维增强复合材料,分析了玻璃纤维经硅烷偶联剂改性处理以及玻璃纤维的铺层方式对复合材料力学性能的影响.结果表明:玻璃纤维可提升复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度,相比于未处理的玻璃纤维,经硅烷偶联剂处理的玻璃纤维对复合材料力学性能...     

非织造布增强复合材料的成型方法

介绍了开发非织造布增强复合材料的目的，阐明了非织造布增强复合材料的定义、组分，给出了非织造布增强复合材料增强相——非织造布的生产过程，主要阐述了复合材料的成型方法及成型过程，并比较了它们的特点。     

二维与三维机织复合材料力学性能的实验研究

对超厚三维正交机织复合材料及二维要织层合板人别进行了拉伸和压缩实验,研究比较了两种复合材料刚度和强度特性的差异研究发现无论是三维机织材料的拉压还是二维层合板的拉压应力应变曲线都近似为直线,而且具有脆性破坏的特点;三维复合材料的拉压强度要高于二维层合板.这主要是由于材料不同的增强相结构及纤维含量造成;不同的破坏模式对材料强度影响很大.     

2.5D芳纶机织复合材料的拉伸性能研究

2.5D机织复合材料凭借其特有的优点和相对成熟的技术受到各领域的关注。然而,这种材料现有的力学性能数据较少,且集中在耐高温和耐烧蚀材料上,影响了其可靠性的评估。对4种结构的2.5D芳纶机织复合材料进行经向和纬向拉伸性能研究,分析结构和拉伸性能的关系。试验结果表明:伸直状态的衬经纱对经向拉伸性能具有较大的贡献;伸直状态的衬纬纱对纬向拉伸性能具有较大的贡献;纬密增加会增大接结经纱的弯曲程度,从而降低经向拉伸性能。     

锯齿形三维机织间隔复合材料的弯曲性能

为解决层合间隔复合材料易开裂和整体性差的问题,采用绿色环保的玄武岩低捻长丝作为经、纬纱,合理设计经向截面图和组织图,并在普通织机上织造3种不同间隔高度的锯齿形三维机织间隔织物。以所织得的锯齿形三维机织间隔织物作为增强材料,环氧乙烯基树脂作为基体,利用真空辅助成型工艺,制备锯齿形三维机织间隔复合材料,同时对三维机织间隔复合材料进行三点弯曲性能测试,得到弯曲载荷-位移曲线、能量吸收图和破坏模式。结果表明:复合材料的纬向是主要承力方向;组织循环个数越多的材料表现出更好的弯曲性能;在一定间隔高度范围内,间隔高度越高的锯齿形三维机织间隔织物承受的弯曲载荷和吸收的能量也越高;锯齿形三维机织间隔复合材料的破坏模式是材料上表层受压,下表层受拉,而连接层受压;在作用力下材料只是出现明显的变形,但并未出现材料整体的破坏。     

三维正交机织物织造及复合材料成型工艺研究

详细阐述三维正交机织物的结构特征、织造原理及织造工艺,以三维正交机织物为增强体、环氧树脂为基体,采用真空辅助树脂传递模塑(VARTM)工艺成型,制成复合材料,并分析其内部结构。结果表明:由普通织机改造的多综眼多剑杆织机可以织造三维正交机织物,成型后复合材料内的纱线形状和位置未发生明显变化,树脂较好地渗透到织物内部,复合材料具有较高的纤维体积分数。研究结果为进一步研究三维正交机织复合材料的力学性能及应用奠定了基础。     

Novel derivatives of 3D woven T-shaped composites with improved performance

Conventional 3D woven T-shaped preforms were modified for improving joint/ peel off strength of associated T-shaped polymeric composites. Preforms were modified at weaving level by preferred yarns orientations for better performance in associated composites. Major modifications studied are; the addition of supporting layer, single or double-crossing in joint layers and crossing along with supporting layer (in a single sample). Novel derivatives were compared with conventionally used (on-loom and off-loom) T-shaped 3D woven composites. Microscopic analysis was also carried out to analyze the orientation of yarns and analysis of samples from failure point after testing. By combined variation of crossing and supporting layers improvement of 47.37% in peel off strength and 70.37% in impact strength was observed. Modified T shapes can serve to be a good replacement for conventional T-shaped stiffener (used to avoid folding under loads) and in joints.     

分层接结三维机织预制体增强酚醛树脂基材料的摩擦性能

为克服短切纤维和二维碳布增强预制体结构强度低的缺点,分别设计并制备了浅交弯联和深交联2种分层接结三维机织碳纤维预制体增强酚醛树脂基复合材料,并以相同复合工艺制备了短切碳纤维增强酚醛树脂基复合材料。测试碳纤维/酚醛树脂复合材料的摩擦性能,并通过观察３ 种复合材料的磨损表面和磨屑的微观形貌,探讨了其摩擦机制。结果表明：短切纤维复合材料的摩擦因数和磨损率最高,深交联的摩擦因数和磨损率最低,浅交弯联的居中。分层接结三维机织结构预制体具有优良的力学性能和整体性,会使复合材料在摩擦过程中减少磨屑与磨损,保持稳定的摩擦因数,从而使复合材料具有良好的摩擦性能。     

The effect of the through-thickness yarn component on the in- and out-of-plane properties of composites from 3D orthogonal woven preforms

Development of three-dimensional (3D) weaving technology introduced new and enhanced features to the 2D weaving technology. 3D Orthogonal Woven (3DOW) preforms have a through-thickness yarn component that significantly enhances the out-of-plane properties and delamination resistance. In this study, a range of 3DOW E-glass preforms were woven using 3D weaving technology and then converted into composites, using vacuum assisted resin transfer molding technology. The composite samples had varying Z to Y-yarn/ layer ratio, the objective is to study the effect of changing the Z to Y-yarn/ layer ratio on the in-plane and out-of-plane mechanical properties. The study concludes that changing the amount of Z-yarn in the structure has negligible effect on the tensile (in-plane), yet, it has a significant effect on the drop weight impact properties (out-of-plane). Moreover, it had a strong effect on the failure mechanisms, and as the amount of Z-yarn is reduced, delamination became more significant.     

Improving the stiffness of multilayer 3D woven composites by the integration of shape memory alloys (SMAs) into structures

Abstract

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are capable of shape-retaining and stress generation when activated. SMA wires are embedded in laminated composites for improving the properties of the composites. Laminated composites have low through-the-thickness properties and poor delamination resistance. 3D composites are well known for having higher through-the-thickness properties. In 3D woven composites, a set of yarn is in through-the-thickness direction that improves through-the- thickness properties and provides resistance to delamination of layers. As in multilayer 3D woven structures, yarns are distributed from in-plane to through-the-thickness direction, so in-plane properties are reduced with the same number of yarns compared to 2D laminated composites. In this research, SMA wires are embedded into different types of 3D woven structures for utilising stress generation property of SMA wires for improving in-plane properties, specifically stiffness of the composites. Three types of 3D orthogonal interlocking composites: layer-to-layer, through-the-thickness, and modified multilayer interlock structures are fabricated with and without SMA wires. From the tensile test, results show that embedding SMA wires into structures significantly improves the stiffness of the structures due to the stress-induced martensite phase of SMA wire when subjected to load. When these SMA wires are activated, stresses are generated by SMA wires due to phase transformation from martensite to austenite that further gives remarkable higher values of stiffness. This results in a composite structure that has higher in-plane properties due to embedded SMA wire and through-the-thickness properties due to 3D structure of composite reinforcement. The interlocking pattern in the through-the-thickness direction of 3D structures was also found to have an effect on the extent of the improvement in stiffness.     

Geometrical modeling of 3D woven spacer fabrics as reinforcement for lightweight sandwich composites

Lightweight sandwich composites mainly utilize hollow textile preforms as their reinforcement. The production of such structures with desired mechanical properties requires monitoring of its repeat unit weight and fibre volume fraction (FVF) from designing stage itself. In this work, mathematical expressions have been developed using fabric geometrical parameters which can calculate the areal density and FVF of a repeat unit of 3D hollow woven structures. Five samples each of trapezoidal and rectangular spacer configurations were produced with different cell structural parameters and materials to validate the model. It was found that the computed results for both the weight and FVF were in good correlation with experimental results, with prediction accuracy being more than 90% in all cases. It was also found that with increase in the cell dimensions, the FVF of the expanded fabric decreases.