淡水鱼油微胶囊的制备及其储藏稳定性

以草鱼内脏提取鱼油作为微胶囊芯材,辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯分别与阿拉伯胶、玉米糖浆复配作为壁材,采用喷雾干燥法制备淡水鱼油微胶囊。测定2种复合壁材制备的鱼油微胶囊的性质和微观结构,并根据氧化反应动力学预测鱼油及鱼油微胶囊的货架期,气相色谱法分析微胶囊化前后鱼油和60℃储藏10d后鱼油及鱼油微胶囊脂肪酸含量的变化。结果表明:以辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯和玉米糖浆为壁材制备得到的鱼油微胶囊包埋率高,货架期长,储藏稳定性好,可对淡水鱼油本身的功能性成分起到良好的保护作用。     

抑菌性桑枝低聚糖微胶囊的制备及结构表征

为了降低桑枝低聚糖的吸湿性,提高稳定性,拓展在产品开发中的应用,本实验以麦芽糊精、乳清蛋白为壁材,桑枝低聚糖为芯材,利用喷雾干燥制备稳定性良好、具有抑制变异链球菌活性的微胶囊。探究壁材种类及与芯材的质量比对微胶囊抑菌率的影响,并对微胶囊的吸湿性、分子结构、微观形态、热稳定性、贮藏稳定性等进行综合评价。结果表明:当复合壁材为麦芽糊精与乳清蛋白且质量比为2:1,壁材与芯材质量比为2:1时,制备的微胶囊具有较高的抑菌率（61.31%±3.34%）与较低的吸湿性（12.31%±1.47%）,粒径为6.58±1.76 μm。扫描电镜显示微胶囊颗粒形态完整,表面结构较为光滑;FITR表明微胶囊是麦芽糊精与乳清蛋白通过静电相互作用形成的,桑枝低聚糖较好地被包埋在微胶囊内部;X衍射分析证明桑枝低聚糖在微胶囊中结晶结构发生改变;微胶囊的玻璃化转变温度为96.10 ℃,高于一般贮藏温度。桑枝低聚糖制备成微胶囊后,在温度40.0、60.0 ℃,湿度RH 75.0%、RH 92.5%下稳定性提高。本研究可为桑枝低聚糖作为功能性配料提供一定的理论基础。     

复凝聚法制备松籽油微胶囊工艺优化及其氧化稳定性分析

以明胶与阿拉伯胶为壁材,采用复凝聚法包埋松籽油制备松籽油微胶囊。考察壁材比(明胶与阿拉伯胶体积比)、芯壁比、壁材质量分数、复凝聚时间对微胶囊包埋率的影响,通过正交试验优化微胶囊制备工艺,并对制备的微胶囊理化特性及氧化稳定性进行分析。结果表明松籽油微胶囊制备的优化工艺条件为壁材比2∶1、芯壁比2∶3、壁材质量分数2%、复凝聚时间50 min,在此条件下微胶囊包埋率达到87.23%。制备的松籽油微胶囊含水率为5.1%,溶解度为98.09%,具有较好的溶解性;通过傅里叶转换红外光谱及扫描电子显微镜分析证明了微胶囊的形成;差示扫描量热分析结果显示,微胶囊热溶解温度较高,在室温下热稳定性良好。包埋后的松籽油经加速贮藏实验表明微胶囊化可以提高松籽油的氧化稳定性,延长松籽油贮藏期。     

微胶囊化黑芝麻油的制备及性质研究

以乳清蛋白和麦芽糊精为壁材,黑芝麻油为芯材,添加适量乳化剂,通过喷雾干燥的方法制备微胶囊化黑芝麻油.研究了不同乳化剂及不同壁芯质量比对包埋效果的影响,并对微胶囊的流动性和储藏稳定性进行了研究.结果表明,乳清蛋白与麦芽糊精质量比为7∶4,吐温80添加量为1.5%,壁芯质量比为3∶2时微胶囊化产率和包埋效率较为理想,分别为94.62%和88.42%;流动性实验表明,壁芯质量比的变化对其粒度分布和休止角影响不大;储藏稳定性研究表明,经过微胶囊化的黑芝麻油其过氧化值在保藏的过程中低于未被包埋的黑芝麻油.     

不同壁材对大豆生物解离乳状液微胶囊品质的影响

为拓宽大豆生物解离乳状液的综合应用,有效解决破乳困难问题,本文采用喷雾干燥法制备大豆生物解离乳状液微胶囊,以乳液的乳化活性、乳化稳定性、粒径分布、流变学性质和喷雾干燥制得的微胶囊包埋率、热稳定性、表面微观结构为指标,研究5种复合壁材对大豆生物解离乳状液微胶囊品质的影响。结果表明,喷雾干燥前,CMC-MD为壁材的混合乳液的黏度最高,为39.18 mPa·s,且乳化性较好,粒径分布向较小粒径方向移动至0.6~2.0 μm。CMC-MD复合壁材制备的微胶囊包埋率最高,达到90.3%,热稳定性最好,结构变化起始温度最高,为98.3℃。扫描电镜图(SEM)显示不同壁材包埋的微胶囊呈现规则的球形或椭球形颗粒,颗粒直径有一定的差异,以CMC-MD为壁材的微胶囊大小均一,结构致密,具有良好的包埋结构,说明CMC-MD能够作为大豆生物解离乳状液微胶囊的壁材,制备出的微胶囊具有良好的包埋率、热稳定性及表面微观结构,对于生物解离乳状液加工应用领域的拓展和产业化的发展具有重大意义。     

山茱萸黄酮微胶囊制备工艺及性质

为提高山茱萸黄酮的稳定性和生物活性，应用喷雾干燥法，以乳清分离蛋白和阿拉伯胶作为壁材制备山茱萸黄酮微胶囊，以山茱萸黄酮包埋率为评价指标优化包埋工艺，并对微胶囊颗粒理化特性、热力学行为、微观形态、结构进行综合分析。优化得到的山茱萸黄酮微胶囊包埋工艺为：壁材质量分数9.34%、壁材添加物比例[m(WPI)∶m(GA)]1.07∶1、芯壁体积比1∶10、进料温度170℃、pH 3。在此条件下制备的山茱萸黄酮微胶囊呈现球形，表面光滑且结构完整，其包埋率可达到90.34%,平均粒径为23μm。差示扫描量热仪测示结果显示，微胶囊粉末具有良好热性能，可在室温贮藏。微胶囊红外、荧光以及紫外光谱分析表明，山茱萸黄酮完整地封装在胶囊内，保证其生物活性，同时具有良好感官价值和稳定性。     

复合凝聚法制备葡萄籽油微胶囊

为提高葡萄籽油的耐储藏和耐加工性能,扩大其工业生产用途,研究选用阿拉伯胶与明胶作为壁材,葡萄籽油为芯材,采用复合凝聚法制备葡萄籽油微胶囊产品,并在此基础上研究葡萄籽油微胶囊的性质。实验结果表明:制备葡萄籽油微胶囊的最优工艺条件为壁材浓度1.33%、pH4、壁芯比1.69:1、壁材比1.30:1;在此模型条件下的微胶囊包埋率为86.41%。此时微胶囊产品的感官品质较好,含水量低且溶解度良好,便于产品的储存与加工。使用扫描电镜观察葡萄籽油微胶囊产品的形态结构,大部分葡萄籽油微胶囊的外形都近似球形,且颗粒表面较为光滑平整、无裂痕,致密性较好。     

不同壁材制备油茶籽油微胶囊的研究

研究以大豆分离蛋白、酪朊酸钠、麦芽糊精、大豆膳食纤维和阿拉伯胶为壁材,通过复配组合,利用喷雾干燥法制备油茶籽油微胶囊产品,同时以乳化稳定性、微胶囊化效率和产率、微胶囊形态的微观表征颗粒完整率和微胶囊感官品质评价为评定指标,比较不同壁材组合得到的微胶囊产品之间的差异。结果表明,以大豆分离蛋白、酪朊酸钠和麦芽糊精为复配壁材的油茶籽油微胶囊产品为乳白色粉末,具有良好冲调性和流动性,微胶囊化效率83.62%和产率63.87%,微胶囊形态的颗粒完整率接近70%,是较好的喷雾干燥制备油茶籽油微胶囊产品的复配壁材之一。     

响应面优化山桐子油微胶囊喷雾干燥工艺

摘 要：本研究以山桐子油为芯材,麦芽糊精、大豆分离蛋白为壁材,单硬脂酸甘油酯为乳化剂,使用喷雾干燥技术制得山桐子油微胶囊;通过单因素实验和响应面优化实验,研究山桐子油喷雾干燥制微胶囊最佳工艺条件。响应面优化试验表明：在壁材与芯材质量比为4.8：1,麦芽糊精与大豆分离蛋白的壁材复配质量比为 2.6：1,水与壁材体积质量比为6.8：1的条件下,山桐子油微胶囊包埋率可达到84.22 % 。在运用氧化稳定性指数法（OSI）氧化稳定性测试中,山桐子微胶囊在常温条件下,保持30d 后,油脂的 OSI 值与初始值无显著变化,验证了山桐子微胶囊的稳定性;通过激光共聚焦电子显微镜观察结果显示,微胶囊具有较规则球形微观结构,囊壁比较完整,具有良好的包埋结构。     

两相剪切流法制备玉米胚芽油微胶囊的研究

基于气液两相剪切流,提出了一种结构简单、成本低、控制方便的微胶囊制备方法,设计了基于冷热加工工艺的玻璃微喷嘴为核心器件的微胶囊制备系统。研究了微胶囊制备工艺参数和芯、壁材配方对微胶囊有效直径Deff的影响规律,利用混合正交实验确定了最优的系统微胶囊制备工艺参数,并在最优的微胶囊制备工艺参数条件下确定了微胶囊芯、壁材的最佳配方。试验结果表明:表征微胶囊制备系统稳定性的液体含量l变化平缓,变异系数Cv<6.38%,系统具有较好的稳定性;在最优的微胶囊制备工艺参数和芯、壁材配方条件下即微喷嘴直径1000μm、微喷嘴不含平行端部、喷射压力0.04 MPa、海藻酸钠浓度1%、氯化钙浓度1%、壁材与芯材的比值为2:1时微胶囊的包埋率可达56.44%;干燥后玉米胚芽油微胶囊微观结构较规则,表面致密,可以有效完成对玉米胚芽油的包埋。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.