固定化碱性蛋白酶制备麦胚抗氧化肽条件优化

利用冻干麦胚蛋白粉为原料,筛选影响固定化碱性蛋白酶制备麦胚抗氧化肽工艺条件的因素,并利用影响因素优化麦胚抗氧化肽制备工艺。采用Plackett-Burman试验设计,筛选出显著影响因素。利用Box-Behnkeny试验设计,显著影响因素进行响应曲面优化试验。结果显示,显著影响因素从大到小依次为麦胚蛋白悬浊液pH值、酶水解温度、底物浓度;响应面分析试验得到麦胚抗氧化肽对自由基清除率的回归方程,方程达到极显著水平(F=35.62,P=0.000 5),拟和很好(R~2_(Pred)=0.964 5,R~2_(Adj)=0.957)。固定化蛋白酶制备麦胚抗氧化肽优化工艺参数:底物质量浓度为4.92 g/100 mL、麦胚蛋白悬浊液的pH为9.2和酶水解温度为58.5℃;在此条件下,抗氧化肽对自由基的清除率达到55.62%。固定化蛋白酶重复使用,第18次时抗氧化肽的相对产率达到91.47%。     

麦胚蛋白水解度与麦胚抗氧化肽活性关系

用固定化碱性蛋白酶水解冻干麦胚蛋白粉制备麦胚抗氧化肽,研究麦胚蛋白的水解度与抗氧化肽活性的关系。在单因素实验基础上,利用Box‐Behnken实验设计对影响因素进行优化试验和统计分析。结果显示,酶解麦胚蛋白的水解度和麦胚抗氧化肽的活性密切相关;响应面分析试验得到麦胚抗氧化肽对自由基清除率的回归方程,方程达到极显著水平,拟和度较高。固定化蛋白酶水解麦胚蛋白获取抗氧化肽优化工艺参数：pH值为9．0、酶解温度56℃和酶解时间230 min。在此条件下,麦胚蛋白的水解度为17．85％,抗氧化肽对自由基的清除率达到57．42％。     

双酶水解脱脂麦胚制备抗氧化肽工艺的研究

以脱脂麦胚为原料,利用中性蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶双酶水解制备具有抗氧化活性的麦胚肽。以水解度为考察指标,采用响应面法,对酶解工艺进行优化。实验结果表明双酶水解最佳条件是：[E]/[S]为0.03,温度在52℃,酶解2.2 h时,麦胚蛋白水解度达到最大值为17.26%。     

从米糠中制备抗氧化肽的研究

研究了米糠抗氧化肽制备的最佳酶解工艺及抗氧化活性。结果表明,影响米糠抗氧化肽制备的各因素的排列顺序为:时间>pH>[E]/[S]>温度,制备米糠抗氧化肽的最佳酶解工艺条件为:[E]/[S]1.0%,时间5h,温度40℃,pH9.0,该条件下制备的米糠抗氧化肽有很强的还原力,对超氧阴离子自由基和羟基自由基有很强的清除作用,且呈一定的量效关系,提示它在天然抗氧化剂及功能性食品领域具有很大的研究开发价值。     

酶解麦胚制备风味活性肽的研究

为提高小麦副产物综合利用附加值,研究采用风味蛋白酶酶解麦胚制备风味活性肽,以感官评分和麦胚肽得率为衡量指标优化酶解工艺,测定酶解物中风味物质含量、肽分子量分布及其体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,麦胚最佳酶解条件为pH7,底物浓度2%,酶解温度50℃,酶添加量4%。此时,麦胚肽得率为（8.17±0.70）%,酶解物具有一定咸鲜滋味并伴有清淡香气。麦胚酶解物中挥发性物质以烃类、酸类和醇类物质为主;呈鲜物质主要为天冬氨酸、5''-鸟嘌呤核苷酸和琥珀酸;肽分子量主要分布小于3 000 Da,其DPPH自由基清除率、ABTS＋自由基清除率和羟自由基清除率的IC50值分别为10.327、0.448、0.574 mg/mL,具有较好的体外抗氧化活性。     

糯米糠抗氧化肽的制备工艺及自由基清除能力研究

为开发利用糯米糠资源,研究了糯米糠抗氧化肽的制备工艺及自由基清除能力。选取中性蛋白酶为水解酶,以抗氧化肽还原力为指标,采用单因素实验和正交实验方法优化糯米糠抗氧化肽的制备工艺。结果表明,制备糯米糠抗氧化肽的最佳工艺条件为糯米蛋白底物浓度4%、[E]/[S]2%、pH7、酶解温度40℃、酶解时间6h,在该条件下制备的糯米糠抗氧化肽对羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力明显优于米糠抗氧化肽,且存在一定的量效关系,提示糯米糠抗氧化肽可用作功能性食品或天然抗氧化剂被深入研究和开发利用。     

大米蛋白酶解制备抗氧化肽的研究

以大米蛋白为研究对象,比较了几种酶对大米蛋白的水解作用效果,确定了一种合适的酶源——精制中性蛋白酶。同时通过单因素试验和响应面分析,确定了采用精制中性蛋白酶制备大米蛋自抗氧化肽的最佳酶解条件为:[S]5.0%、[E]/[S]2.0%、pH7.0、温度37.5℃、时间4.16 h,该条件下制备的大米蛋白抗氧化肽对DPPH自由基的清除率为60.54%。     

从谷朊粉中制备抗氧化肽的研究

对谷朊粉抗氧化肽的制备工艺及其抗氧化活性进行了研究。通过单因素试验及正交试验优化制备工艺,采用对Fe2＋的螯合作用、对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基的清除作用试验研究其体外抗氧化活性。结果表明：谷朊粉抗氧化肽的最佳制备工艺条件为：pH值9.0,时间4h,[E]/[S]1.25%,温度50℃,该条件下制备的谷朊粉抗氧化肽对Fe2＋具有很强的螯合能力,对羟基自由基和DPPH自由基具有很强的清除能力,即谷朊粉抗氧化肽具有很强的抗氧化活性。     

麦糟蛋白肽发酵制备工艺优化及其生理活性评价

以麦糟为原料，采用米曲霉固态发酵制备麦糟蛋白肽，通过单因素试验和正交试验优化蛋白肽制备工艺，并分析其体外抗氧化活性和降血糖活性。结果表明：麦糟蛋白肽最佳制备工艺为发酵时间120 h、发酵温度28℃、接种量1.2 mL、pH 6.6,在此条件下蛋白肽转化率为87.58%;抗氧化活性试验显示，麦糟蛋白肽对DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和羟基自由基有不同程度的清除作用，其中，对DPPH自由基清除能力最强；降血糖活性试验显示，麦糟蛋白肽对α-葡萄糖苷酶有明显抑制作用，在试验蛋白肽质量浓度范围内，最大抑制率达86.96%。     

麦胚抗氧化肽水解用酶的筛选研究

研究了中性蛋白酶AS1.398、Neutrase及碱性蛋白酶Alcalase、Proleather FG-F、Protease S水解麦胚蛋白的进程特性,考察了5种蛋白酶水解物的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,碱性蛋白酶Proleather FG-F是制备麦胚抗氧化肽的最适水解酶,其酶解物清除超氧阴离子自由基(O2-.)的能力最强,IC50为1.33mg/mL;其酶解物中相对分子质量小于1000的组分所占比例最高,达到68.28%。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.