正已烷萃取法测定进口水果中六六六、滴滴涕

采用气相色谱法（带有电子捕获检测器ECD），以正已烷、丙酮为提取溶剂，用浓硫酸磺化法净化提取液，对进口水果中的六六六、滴滴涕各4种异构体农药进行了多残留检测。结果表明：以正己烷与丙酮的混合提取剂的提取效果好，其平均回收率范围为93．7％-122．7％，相对标准偏差分别为1％-6％，在程序升温的条件下，8种农药可很好地分离，检出限范围为0．0006—0．006mg／kg，准确度和精确度均达到了进口水果中六六六、滴滴涕农药残留分析的要求。     

基质固相分散-气相色谱法同时测定蔬菜水果中多种农药残留

建立了一个简单、快速的多种类型农药残留同时分析的新方法。采用一种新的样品前处理方法-基质固相分散(Matrix Solid-Phase Disperse，MSPD)替代传统的液-液萃取、固相萃取，从蔬菜水果中提取、净化三种类型31种常用农药残留(包括11种有机氯、5种拟除虫菊酯、15种有机磷)，用GC-ECD和GC-FPD分析检测，用GC-MS(SIM)进行确证。31种农药的回收率在80．4％～112．7％之间，相对标准偏差小于10％。实验表明本方法适用于各种新鲜蔬菜水果样品的农药残留分析。     

用ASE快速溶剂萃取茶叶中六六六、DDT的残留

本文研究了ASE快速溶剂萃取对茶叶中六六六、DDT农药残留的提取效果，并与索氏提取法进行比较。结果表明，ASE萃取法对茶叶中六六六、DDT的提取效果比索氏提取好，回收率范围在89．6％～108．6％，用ASE法萃取时间大大减少(大约15min)，溶剂的使用量也大大减少(大约15mL)，多个样品萃取时可实行自动化控制，方法简便快捷可靠，结果满意。     

简化二维气相色谱法分析蔬菜中农药多种残留

本试验研究建立了简化二维气相色谱法测定蔬菜中5种农药（β-六六六、P,P-DDE、乙草胺、氟乐灵、毒死蜱）残留的提取、净化和简化二维气相色谱分析条件。蔬菜样品粉碎后加入无水硫酸钠研磨至无水分，加入50ml重蒸石油醚：丙酮（9：1）超声提取后经固相萃取净化处理后上机检测。5种农药标准曲线的相关系数（r）为0．9952-0.9991，在0．010-0．050mg／L浓度范围内，回收率为81．5％-91．8％，变异系数为5．7％～11．2％，检测限为0.010-0．055mg／L。     

双柱固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定大米中氨基甲酸酯农药残留量的研究

本文研究了用高效液相色谱-紫外检测器方法同时检测大米中八种氨基甲酸酯类农药(杀线威、灭多威、涕灭威、抗芽威、残杀威、苯恶威、西维因、仲丁威)的残留量。本文对多种氨基甲酸酯农药的提取、净化方法、色谱分离条件、线性关系、回收率和重现性进行了研究，并对方法进行了验证，研究结果表明用丙酮作为提取剂，用florisil和C18固相萃取净化柱双柱净化样品，简化了净化操作，且提高了检测灵敏度。采用Spherisorb C8色谱柱，流动相用乙腈：水(33．5：66．5)，八种氨基甲酸酯类农药得到完全分离。八种氨基甲酸酯类农药的平均回收率分别为杀线威80．9％-89．5％，灭多威82．9％-91．6％，涕灭威82．6-91．2％，抗芽威81．2％-86．7％，残杀威82．3％-93．9％，苯恶威84．7％-94．4％，西维因82．4％-90．0％，仲丁威83．1％-91．0％。变异系数(Cv％)均在3．97以下，检测低限分别为：杀线威0．005，灭多威0．01，涕灭威0．005，抗芽威0．005，残杀威0．0025，苯恶威0．0025，西维因0．005，仲丁威O．01。方法的检测低限、回收率和精密度均满足残留分析要求。     

烟草中有机磷农药的多残留气相色谱分析方法

本文报道了一种简单、快速、准确测定15种有机磷农药的多残留分析方法，样品经丙酮提取，加入氯化钠析出丙酮，再加二氯甲烷萃取，经无水硫酸钠干燥浓缩，经活性炭─545助滤剂柱层析，丙酮淋洗浓缩后气相色谱测定。方法回收率：添加1×10~(-6)，平均回收率为100.56％±8.99%，变异系数为8.94％；添加0.5×10~(-6)，平均回收率为100.93％±10.47％，变异系数为10.37％。最小检出量为0.005～0.lng，除敌敌畏和敌百虫外，相关系数均在0.9941以上，达到极显著水平，完全符合农药多残留分析方法的要求。     

用快速薄层法同时测定食品中含硫有机磷农药和敌敌畏、敌百虫

食品中含硫有机磷农药敌敌畏、敌百虫经苯提取后，在硅胶G板上点样，用苯：甲醇(9 1)横向展开，喷002％氯化钯含硫有机磷农药显黄褐色斑点，再在原板上喷间苯二酚氢氧化钠乙醇溶液，敌敌畏、敌百虫均显鲜艳砖红色，本法灵敏度高，检测下限大多可达0.5μg，同时采用横向展开技术从样品提取，点样，展开均一次完成，并在同一板上显色。收到样品一般能在30min内出结果，比酶抑制法快8倍以上，比快速层析法分别测定快近1倍。     

LC-MS/MS方法分析烟草中的38种农药残留

利用高效液相色谱串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)技术快速分析烟草中的38种有机磷、杂环和酰胺类农药残留.采用乙腈振荡提取烟叶中的各农药残留,用PSA吸附剂净化.此前处理方法简便快速、成本低、环保.38种农药在0.25μg/g、0.5 μg/g和1.0μg/g三个加标水平的平均回收率为60.15％-116.21％,相对标准偏差为0.57％-19.25％,可为当前烟草中农药多残留检测的试验研究提供参考.     

烟草中酰胺类除草剂残留量的测定

研究了烟草中异丙甲草胺、敌草胺和双苯酰草胺残留量的同时多残留测定方法，使用乙酸乙酯和环己烷混合溶剂提取农药残留，水与有机溶剂液／液分配和弗罗里硅土柱层析净化，气相色谱法配氮磷检测器测定。异丙甲草胺、敌草胺和双苯酰草胺的平均回收率分别为90．0％、80．4％和84．8％，检出限均为0．02ug／g。结果令人满意。     

Carb／PSA固相萃取净化一气相色谱质谱法测定茶叶中的34种农药成分

建立了茶叶中34种农药多残留的气相色谱质谱分析方法。茶叶样品用乙腈一次性提取后,经Carb／PsA固相萃取小柱净化,气相色谱质谱定性定量。添加回收试验的结果表明：34种农药的平均回收率70％124％,相对标准偏差为0．2%-14．9％。方法的检出限为0．1-25．0μg／kg。该方法的灵敏度、准确度和精密度均符合农药残留测定的技术要求。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.