分离菌株在荔枝果酒酿造中的应用

研究了本实验室自行分离的4株酵母菌株在荔枝果汁中的发酵性能,通过对发酵过程中各理化指标进行检测,并对新酒进行品评,最终确定4号菌株SCY1比较适合用于荔枝果酒的酿造.以该菌株发酵后的果汁残糖含量2.6 g/L,其中还原糖含量为1.15 g/L;pH值为3.69,总酸为6.9 g/L,其中挥发酸含量为0.66 g/L;酒精度为13.5%Vol;总SO2含量为35 mg/L,其中游离SO2含量为21 mg/L;干浸出物含量为23.8%;感官评定得分90.6分.     

天然优良葡萄酒酵母发酵特性研究

以实验室保藏的16株葡萄酒酵母为供试菌株,通过模拟酒精发酵初筛获得发酵力强、产酒度高或产香好的酵母5株。以2株商品酵母为对照,采用杜氏管发酵法研究其对NaCl、SO2、酒精、酸碱、温度和高糖的耐受性。结果表明,所有菌株在SO2200～600 mg/L、葡萄糖400～600 g/L浓度范围内都能发酵产气,且在pH1.5～13.0范围内可生长,其中有5株最高耐NaCl为100 g/L以及22%vol的乙醇、2株耐温最高达70℃。葡萄酒酿造结果显示,菌株Y-6发酵酒度高于2个商品酵母,总酸和挥发酸低,且其发酵葡萄酒具有浓郁的果香且香气持久、口感协调,有望应用于特色葡萄酒生产中。     

蓝莓红酒发酵工艺条件的优化

为获得菌株Z2发酵产蓝莓红酒的最佳条件,本研究以pH值、发酵温度、糖度为考察指标,结合感官评价,通过单因素及正交实验,确定了蓝莓红酒的最佳发酵条件:发酵温度30℃,pH3.5,糖度22°Bx。在此工艺条件下,发酵产出的蓝莓红酒,色泽呈深紫红,酒体澄清透明有光泽,有较好的蓝莓果香和醇香,口感酸味舒适,感官评分为85.00分。     

优良降酸酵母菌的筛选及发酵性能

以能够降解L-苹果酸的酿酒酵母FM-cs-08为出发菌株,分别进行紫外诱变和60Co诱变,旨在诱变得到降酸能力显著提高又具有良好发酵性能的酿酒酵母菌。最终筛选得到诱变菌株FM-cs-08-2U,降L-苹果酸比率达到（29.48±0.21）%,比出发菌株提高了（25.44±0.89）%。对诱变菌株FM-cs-08-2U的耐受性及发酵特性进行研究,结果表明该菌株耐受最低pH值为2.5,耐受最高SO2质量浓度为800 mg/L。用FM-cs-08-2U发酵蓝莓果酒,得到果酒残糖量（3.70±0.10）g/L,pH值为3.18±0.01,有机酸含量（8.64±0.02）g/L,酒精度（12.00±1.00）%,结果证明菌株FM-cs-08-2U适合酿造蓝莓果酒。     

青海东部野生酵母菌株抗性及发酵特性研究

以分离自青海的97株野生酵母菌株为材料,通过杜氏管发酵法初筛出35株发酵力强、有香味的酵母菌株,对其抗性和发酵特性进行研究.结果表明,35株酵母菌对SO2具有高度的抗性,大部分菌株在SO2浓度为600 mg/L时仍可正常生长并发酵;有7株耐NaCl高达120.0g/L,菌株QXN2在160.0 g/L的浓度下仍可正常生长并发酵;但大多数菌株的酒精耐受力弱,仅有6株可耐12%vol的乙醇,但已不能发酵产气;部分酵母菌株的耐温性较高,如菌株QHL4、QXS1、QJD12可耐受55℃高温;pH耐受范围在2.5～12.0之间,大部分菌株可在600 g/L的葡萄糖溶液中生长,其中9株仍可发酵产气.这9株发酵力较好且产香酵母的酒精发酵结果表明,4株产酒精度为0,具有浓郁的芳香;4株产酒度在2.1%vol～2.4%vol之间,且残糖较低,有浓郁果香.优良酵母菌株有望应用于面包生产、无醇饮料的开发、工业废水处理等领域.     

中心组合和响应面法优化衢州柑桔果酒生产工艺

目的:为充分利用衢州柑桔资源,以柑桔汁为主要原料,葡萄酒活性干酵母为酿造菌种,研制发酵型果酒.方法:通过研究初始发酵pH值、干浸出物、接种量和发酵温度等单因素对柑桔酒发酵指标--酒精度、总浸出物、还原糖、酸度、SO2、甲醇等及风味的影响,再通过中心组合试验设计和响应面分析优化获得最佳发酵工艺.结果:最佳生产工艺参数:接种量0.8g/L,可溶性固形物16°Bx(加蔗糖),26℃发酵5 d.确定柑桔果酒的技术指标是:pH 3.6,乙醇体积分数8.5%～8.9%;还原糖1.804 g/L,总氮3.25 g/L,总干浸出物46.0 g/L,总酸0.68 g/L,总SO2质量浓度72mg/L,pH 3.5;游离SO2质量浓度36mg/L,甲醇0.8mg/L,VC 0.1386 g/L,透光率100%.结论:酿造的柑桔果酒色泽金黄、清亮透明,有独特的柑桔果香,重要指标符合国家标准,工艺条件适合扩大生产.     

细菌L-乳酸发酵的研究--耐高糖高酸菌株的选育

本文主要研究了L-乳酸发酵中耐高糖高酸菌株的选育及所选菌株的发酵特性情况.结果表明,出发菌株经离子注入诱变后,其生长的临界乳酸和葡萄糖浓度分别为24g/L和150g/L,并经耐高糖高酸的选育和驯化后,得到一株在产酸速率和最终L-乳酸产量方面都比原始对照菌株高的目的菌株LB1-1,其最终L-乳酸产量达到70g/L,出发菌株为43g/L.     

野生蓝莓保健果酒的工艺优化

以实验室保藏的产酯酵母T1及耐酸酵母菌株YM1-1为试验菌株,野生蓝莓为原料,通过单因素及正交试验研究了初始pH值、菌种复配比例、接种量、发酵温度、SO2添加量等对蓝莓保健酒品质的影响,确定了最佳的主发酵工艺。结果显示,蓝莓果酒的最佳主发酵工艺为SO2添加量60 mg/L,产酯酵母∶耐酸酵母接种比例1∶2（V∶V）,接种量6.0%,果胶酶添加量30 mg/L,发酵初始pH值3.8,发酵温度26 ℃。在此条件下发酵得到果香浓郁、口感醇厚的低酒精度蓝莓酒,其酒精度为4.2%vol,残糖量为5.0 °Bx,感官评分为87分,花青素含量为368.5 mg/L,糖醇转化率为33.6%。     

果胶酶处理对蓝莓半甜红酒风味成分影响的研究

研究了不同浓度果胶酶对蓝莓半甜红酒风味成分的影响,以日本蓝莓半甜红酒作对照,测定其添加果胶酶处理后各指标的变化.结果表明,添加果胶酶处理后蓝莓半甜红酒的总酸、甲醇、杂醇油比未添加果胶酶时的 6.5272 g/L、850.19 mg/L、437.18 mg/L分别提升到7.158 g/L、2384.92 mg/L、566.58 mg/L;酒精度、色度值以及单宁、甲醇含量均随着果胶酶浓度的增高而增高;甲醇、花色苷、杂醇油均明显高于日本蓝莓半甜红酒,其中,花色苷均量200 mg/L,明显高于日本的(26.2 mg/L);色调、单宁、总酚低于日本蓝莓半甜红酒;DPPH自由基清除率略高于未添加果胶酶半甜蓝莓红酒和日本半甜蓝莓红酒;酒体澄清透明有光泽,香气浓郁,明显优于未添加果胶酶的蓝莓半甜红酒和日本半甜蓝莓红酒.     

液体发酵茯苓胞外多糖的研究

以本实验室组织分离纯化的茯苓菌株Po为出发菌株,采用不同碳源、氮源、金属离子对Po胞外多糖液体发酵的培养基进行优化,并采用正交设计优化培齐基组成.实验表明茯苓胞外多糖发酵的最佳培养基是葡萄糖25g/L、酵母膏5g/L和蛋白胨5g/L,KH2PO4 1 g/L,MgSO4 0.5 g/L在最佳条件下,该菌株能积累胞外多糖3.55 g/L.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.