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褐变是影响鲜切马铃薯贮藏品质的重要因素之一。该研究探讨45、50 ℃热处理1~4 min对鲜切马铃薯褐变和挥发性风味物质的影响,以期为鲜切马铃薯品质保持提供调控技术和理论依据。45、50 ℃热处理4 min鲜切马铃薯在室温下2 h就观察到轻微的褐变,L*值下降10.51%、14.96%;a*值上升2.74、3.84,而45、50 ℃热处理1~3 min组鲜切马铃薯6 h内均未观察到褐变现象。与对照组相比,45 ℃热处理1~3 min组鲜切马铃薯硬度无显著变化,而其余热处理组硬度显著降低;两种温度1~ 3 min热处理组鲜切马铃薯苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POD)酶活性和总酚含量分别降低了27.81%~33.68%、18.33%~50.37%、6.22%~28.92%。45 ℃热处理1~3 min和50 ℃热处理1~2 min热处理组较好的维持鲜切马铃薯原有的挥发性风味物质。总的来说,45、50 ℃热处理1~3 min可有效的抑制鲜切马铃薯褐变;其中,45 ℃热处理3 min抑制马铃薯褐变的同时较好维持了硬度、色泽、抗坏血酸含量和挥发性风味物质。 相似文献
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通过测定枸杞酒发酵过程中和陈酿过程中多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性变化规律,总酚、黄酮、10种单体酚、VC和美拉德反应中间产物五羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)的变化规律以及对应时期的褐变度变化,找到引起褐变的主要原因。结果显示,单体酚芦丁、绿原酸、阿魏酸、对羟基苯甲酸和对香豆酸在发酵液中含量较多,对褐变度影响较大。同时,VC氧化降解以及糖与氨基酸的美拉德反应也参与了褐变。结论为发酵过程中酶促褐变与非酶促褐变同时存在,酚类物质同时参与酶促和非酶促褐变反应,这是引起褐变的主要原因。 相似文献
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为延长鲜切芋头贮藏期,本文研究热处理温度和时长对鲜切芋头贮藏品质的影响,并探究热处理控制鲜切芋头褐变的生理机理。结果表明,38、60和100 ℃的热处理均能降低鲜切芋头失重率、延缓硬度下降、抑制褐变,表明热处理能提高鲜切芋头的贮藏品质。60 ℃热处理效果最好,且60 ℃热处理1 min的保鲜效果要好于同温度下30 s和3 min的热处理效果。热处理降低了鲜切芋头总酚含量,抑制了苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性,延缓了鲜切芋头的酶促褐变。 相似文献
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桃汁热处理过程中非酶褐变动力学研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
桃汁在热处理过程中极易发生褐变反应,通常将褐变度和色值L*作为评价桃汁褐变程度的指标。通过测定和分析桃汁在热处理(80、90 ℃和100 ℃)过程中的相关指标发现,桃汁的褐变度分别上升了0.185、0.221和0.276,L*值分别下降了4.22、5.74和7.53,Chroma值和Hue值在热处理过程中逐渐变小,褐变指数不断增大;用零级、一级和联合动力学模型拟合各指标的动态变化的研究发现,联合动力学模型可以更好地表示褐变度和色值的动态变化(R2>0.823);热处理过程中VC含量不断减少,符合零级反应动力学模型(R2>0.894);5-羟甲基糠醛含量不断增加,符合联合动力学模型(R2>0.905),且在各个热处理的温度条件下5-羟甲基糠醛的生成与褐变度的变化表现出二次项关系(R2>0.940)。 相似文献
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鲜切甘薯不同部位褐变机理差异 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以‘渝薯17’甘薯为实验材料,将鲜切甘薯分为皮部、周边以及中心3 个部位。通过对冷藏过程中鲜切甘 薯不同部位褐变情况、褐变底物酚类物质含量、褐变相关酶活力的比较研究,探讨鲜切‘渝薯17’不同部位的褐变 机理及差异。结果表明,绿原酸是甘薯褐变的主要底物,鲜切甘薯不同部位褐变存在差异,皮部褐变最严重,周边 次之,中心最弱。皮部总酚和游离酚含量均显著高于周边和中心组织(P<0.05),其中主要底物绿原酸含量为周 边和中心组织的3~4 倍。多酚氧化酶(polyphenoloxidase,PPO)是引起皮部组织褐变的主要酶,苯丙氨酸解氨酶 对酚类物质的积累起促进作用;周边组织褐变由PPO和过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)协同作用催化;中心组织 褐变则主要由POD引起。 相似文献
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在相对湿度恒定为70%,生产温度分别为45、65、75、85℃条件下生产黑蒜。通过考察生产温度对黑蒜生产过程中褐变度、p H、S-烯丙基-L-半胱氨酸(SAC)含量和抗氧化活性的影响,以期建立黑蒜的质量因素参数。结果表明:黑蒜样品SAC含量、p H随温度增加而降低,而黑蒜的褐变度、DPPH自由基清除能力及还原能力均随热处理温度的升高而增大。在85℃时黑蒜样品的p H最低为3.25,褐变度、DPPH自由基清除率及还原能力最高分别为2.08、76.77%、3.42。因此,高温有助于提高黑蒜产品的生物稳定性及抗氧化性能。 相似文献
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桃带肉果汁饮料在贮藏中非酶褐变原因的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
桃带肉果汁饮料在贮藏中非酶褐变原因的研究王坤范,刘立秀(中国农业大学,北京,100094)(北京林业大学,北京,100083)非酶褐变包括抗坏血酸氧化褐变,花青苷和无色花青苷的变色以及美拉德反应引起的褐变,其中各因子之间的关系是比较复杂的。通径系数是... 相似文献
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This study aimed to investigate the effects of temperature on the black garlic manufacturing process. The moisture content, pH, browning intensity, S-allyl cysteine (SAC) content and antioxidant activity, including DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power, were determined. The moisture content of garlic gradually decreased throughout the heating process. The rate of moisture removal was higher at high temperatures compared with low temperatures. The pH also decreased more significantly in garlic heated at high temperatures. The browning intensity increased with increasing temperature. The SAC contents of black garlic were significantly different according to heating temperature; the garlic samples heated at a low temperature had a higher SAC contents. Antioxidant activity, as determined by the DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power, increased when the garlic was exposed to higher temperatures. 相似文献
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Song Hwan Bae Seog-Won Lee Mi-Ryung Kim Jin Man Kim Hyung Joo Suh 《Journal of food science》2010,75(1):C108-C112
ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to investigate the browning of garlic under different steeping conditions and storage temperatures. The brown indices of steeped garlics showed lowest values (7.3 and 7) in 25% and 50% EtOH at 7 d of storage. The degree of browning of steeped garlics was lowest (10.2 in 25% EtOH and 10.4 in 50% EtOH) in the samples soaked for 8 h at 13 d of storage. As the storage temperature was increased from 10 to 40 °C, the brown indices of garlics revealed an increasing trend relative to storage time regardless of steeping treatment. Overall, the kinetic parameters showed relatively low R 2 and irregular reaction constants, but the ko values showed an increasing trend with temperature under a zero-order model. The highest polyphenol content within the garlic bulbs was seen in controls (without steeping treatment, 588.9 μg/g), than 0% EtOH (water, 392.5 μg/g), than 25% EtOH (211.3 μg/g), and finally 50% EtOH (155.6 μg/g). The polyphenol oxidase activity of garlic showed a similar trend to that of polyphenol content. However, the texture properties of garlics steeped with 25% and 50% did not change.
Practical Application: The garlic color preferred by consumers is a creamy-white, but this is susceptible to enzymatic browning when pre-peeled and chopped. When garlic was steeped in the 25% and 50% alcohol, the browning of garlic was prevented during storage. 相似文献
Practical Application: The garlic color preferred by consumers is a creamy-white, but this is susceptible to enzymatic browning when pre-peeled and chopped. When garlic was steeped in the 25% and 50% alcohol, the browning of garlic was prevented during storage. 相似文献
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分别利用微生物、冷冻和高温高压3种工艺对白蒜进行预处理,发酵制备黑蒜,对黑蒜发酵过程中的色差、褐变程度、总酚、蛋白质、总酸、pH、S-烯丙基-L-半胱氨酸(S-allyl-L-cysteine,SAC)、5-羟甲基糠醛(5-hydroxymethylfurfural,5-HMF)等理化指标进行监测,并对羟自由基清除能力、ABTS自由基清除能力、还原力等抗氧化能力及相关性进行解析。结果表明,不同预处理工艺制备的黑蒜,在其发酵过程中,色差、褐变程度均呈现出先上升后趋于稳定的趋势;总酚、可滴定酸、可溶性蛋白质含量等均呈现增加的趋势,与羟自由基清除能力、ABTS自由基清除能力、还原力呈现出正相关的趋势;发酵制备的黑蒜中SAC含量均高于鲜蒜,不同预处理工艺显著降低了黑蒜中的5-HMF含量。该研究为高品质、高营养黑蒜的发酵和可能关键危害因子5-HMF含量的调控提供了基础数据,为降低食品中5-HMF含量做出可行性研究。 相似文献
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大蒜加工对其SOD活性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
比较了不同烹饪、加工方法对大蒜SOD活性的影响,结果表明,生食大蒜,可有效摄入SOD;经一般加热烹饪处理后大蒜SOD损失70%以上;长时间用醋腌渍,SOD完全损失。选择合适的烫漂脱臭条件,可使SOD的损失率控制在30%以内。 相似文献
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破碎时蒸汽热处理对浑浊苹果汁色泽及浑浊稳定性的影响 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
苹果破碎时 ,蒸汽热处理使果浆温度在 80s内达 92℃以上 ,不但改善了浑浊苹果汁色泽且可增强果汁的浑浊稳定性。果汁的颜色明显受果浆所达到的最高温度影响。苹果浆温度达92℃和 95℃虽然VC 损失较多 ,但如果果汁的总酚损失较小 ,则有好的色泽稳定性。苹果破碎过程中发生的褐变主要为酶促褐变 ,但热处理温度高于 98℃ ,非酶褐变会变得显著。果汁的混浊稳定性受果汁中悬浮颗粒的大小、果汁的粘度影响。热处理增加了果胶的聚合度 ,促进果胶从果浆中的释放 ,从而增加了果汁的粘度。热还处理可减小果汁中悬浮颗浊的大小。 相似文献
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浓缩苹果汁酶促褐变及其控制 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
酶促褐变是引起苹果浓缩汁色值降低、品质劣变的主要原因之一 ,本文介绍了浓缩苹果汁酶促褐变的三个必要生化条件 :酚类物质、多酚氧化酶 (PPO)和氧气 ,并综述了浓缩苹果汁生产中酶促褐变的控制方法 ,如加热钝化酶、调节pH值、添加酶或底物的抑制剂、使用膜技术、添加漆酶等 ,均能有效控制浓缩苹果汁的酶促褐变 ,提高果汁的品质 相似文献
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T. Hofmann 《European Food Research and Technology》1999,209(2):113-121
The time course of the formation of 1- and 3-deoxyosones, 2-osuloses, furan-2-aldehydes, as well as C2, C3 and C4α-dicarbonyl compounds, and hydroxycarbonyl compounds, upon the thermal treatment of aqueous solutions of glucose or xylose in the presence of l-alanine was investigated. 2-Osuloses and glyoxal were formed independently of the carbohydrate moiety, predominantly at the very beginning of the heating process, whereas the formation of 1- and 3-deoxyosones, 2-oxopropanal and hydroxy-2-propanone was favoured with increasing reaction times. In order to evaluate the role of these carbohydrate degradation products in the development of browning their activities as browning precursors were determined on the basis of a dosage/activity relationship by combining chemical/instrumental techniques and visual/sensory analysis. The browning precursors 3-deoxyosone, glyoxal and glycolaldehyde showed highest activities at the very beginning of heating carbohydrate/l-alanine solutions. In contrast to glucose, 2-oxopropanal was found to be an effective colour precursor even at the beginning of heating xylose in the presence of l-alanine. A prolongation of the reaction time led to a drastic decrease in the precursor activity of glyoxal, independently of that of the carbohydrate moiety, and, in parallel, to an increase in the participation of 2-oxopropanal and also furan-2-carboxaldehyde in browning reactions with l-alanine. In the present study, certain carbohydrate degradation products could be identified as browning precursors, and it could be demonstrated for the first time that the activity of these reaction intermediates in producing browning substances changes during the reaction time. 相似文献
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为了延缓鲜切山药的褐变和品质劣变,延长保鲜期,采用超声波法提取大蒜素,分别配制0.1%、0.3%和0.5%的大蒜素保鲜液,以清水为对照(CK),在(4±1) ℃的冷藏条件下,对鲜切山药的保鲜效果进行研究。结果表明,与对照组相比,不同含量大蒜素提取液可降低鲜切山药贮藏过程中多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶的酶活性,显著抑制鲜切山药的呼吸强度和褐变度,降低失重率和腐烂率,减少丙二醛的生成量,保持鲜切山药较好的营养品质和感官品质。其中以0.3%大蒜素提取液保鲜效果较好,与对照组相比,鲜切山药保鲜期延长了9 d左右。 相似文献