玫瑰茄的开发和利用

综述了玫瑰茄的营养价值、药用价值和保健功能以及玫瑰茄资源的综合利用和开发，简述了发展玫瑰茄具有重要的经济意义，同时也指出了玫瑰茄深加工研究需要加强。     

玫瑰茄籽油的开发研究

玫瑰茄是锦葵科木槿属一年生草本植物。近年来南方各省已广泛栽培,花萼供出口,籽用于肥田造成资源浪费。研究认为,福建玫瑰茄籽含油量为18％－225,粗蛋白含量为25％－28％,有较高的开发利用价值。经生产性试验,确定的工艺解决了常规工艺制取的玫瑰茄籽毛油难以精炼的问题,生产的玫瑰茄籽高级烹调油符合国家相关标准。     

壳聚糖澄清玫瑰茄提取液工艺的研究

研究了壳聚糖对玫瑰茄提取液的澄清方法，确定了玫瑰茄提取液的澄清方式为：壳聚糖添加量0．125g/L，常温澄清4h，离心机高速离心，再经过硅藻土过滤、最后经过qb0．45μm微滤，可得到k为77、6％，混浊度0、12NTU的玫瑰茄提取液。     

玫瑰茄红色素的纯化及其结构鉴定

通过实验比较XDA-7、AB-8、D101、DA-201、X-5五种树脂对玫瑰茄红色素的纯化效果,实验表明XDA-7树脂对玫瑰茄红色素的吸附选择性最佳、纯化效果最好。通过单因素试验和正交试验,优化XDA-7树脂纯化玫瑰茄红色素的工艺条件,并且通过红外对玫瑰茄红色素的结构进行初步鉴定。结果表明:XDA-7树脂纯化玫瑰茄红色素的适宜吸附工艺条件为,上样浓度2 mg/mL、上样流速1.75 mL/min、pH值2.76;解吸工艺条件为,洗脱剂用量60 mL、乙醇体积分数75%、洗脱剂pH值3.5、洗脱流速1.5 mL/min。纯化后,玫瑰茄红色素的色价为52.6,是未纯化的玫瑰茄红色素的7倍左右,初步推断玫瑰茄红色素为矢车菊-葡萄糖苷类或者飞燕草-葡萄糖苷类色素。     

食用玫瑰茄红色素的稳定性研究

研究了玫瑰茄红色素在不同pH值、温度及光照条件下的稳定性,及金属离子和食品添加剂对玫瑰茄红色素稳定性的影响,并对该色素的氧化还原特性进行了探讨。结果表明玫瑰茄红色素在pH2.98～3.46最稳定,耐酸性强,耐碱性差,耐氧化性和耐还原性都差。Na     

玫瑰茄天使蛋糕加工工艺的研究

以玫瑰茄作为蛋糕生产的辅料,研制玫瑰茄天使蛋糕。通过单因素和响应面试验,确定玫瑰茄天使蛋糕的最佳配方:蛋白100 g、白砂糖55 g、低筋面粉30 g、玫瑰茄粉2.5 g、水10 g、玉米淀粉5.5 g、柠檬汁3.5 g、盐0.5 g。最佳加工条件为底火170℃、面火160℃,烘烤40 min。制作的玫瑰茄天使蛋糕,形态饱满完整,呈均匀的紫红色,切面呈均匀细密蜂窝状,具有玫瑰茄风味,无明显的蛋腥味,香甜可口,不粘牙,发起均匀富有弹性。     

玫瑰茄金银花复合饮料的研制

以玫瑰茄和金银花为主要原料,水浴后取浸提液,与柠檬酸、白砂糖按照适当比例进行混合配制,通过单因素实验和正交试验,考察玫瑰茄浸提液添加量、金银花浸提液添加量、白砂糖添加量、柠檬酸添加量四个因素对玫瑰茄金银花复合饮料感官品质的影响,确定最佳工艺条件。结果表明:最佳工艺条件为玫瑰茄浸提液20%、金银花浸提液14%、白砂糖6%、柠檬酸0.02%;四个因素的影响顺序为玫瑰茄浸提液添加量>白砂糖添加量>柠檬酸添加量>金银花浸提液添加量。     

玫瑰茄红色素主要呈色物质分离提纯的研究

本文用纸层析法对玫瑰茄红色素主要呈色物质进行分离提纯，结果表明：玫瑰茄红色素是一种花青甙类色素，纸层析出现紫红、浅红、浅橙三个色斑，紫红色为玫瑰茄红色素主要呈色物质，其Rr为0．203。玫瑰茄红色素纸层析最佳展开剂为正丁醇：冰醋酸：水=4：1：1，最佳洗脱剂为0．1％稀盐酸，紫红色色素的粗提取率为0．704％，占色素总含量的46．93％。     

玫瑰茄发酵酸乳生产工艺研究

目的:将具有抗氧化活力的玫瑰茄与酸乳发酵结合起来,开发玫瑰茄发酵酸乳。方法:玫瑰茄活性物质采用温水浸提法,获得玫瑰茄花茶并将p H调整至6.0后进行酸乳的发酵。玫瑰茄活性物质通过测定540nm和280 nm吸光度值,分别对应玫瑰茄色素与精油的含量;玫瑰茄发酵酸乳的生产工艺以感官评价分数为响应值,通过单因素试验与响应面优化,最终获得玫瑰茄发酵酸乳的最佳生产工艺。结果:玫瑰茄浸液会对乳酸菌的生长造成一定的影响,玫瑰茄用量要小于0.5%;玫瑰茄浸提活性物质最佳条件为40℃温水浸提40 min。结论:最终确定的玫瑰茄发酵酸乳最佳生产工艺为玫瑰茄用量0.3%、奶粉用量5%、发酵时间24 h。     

玫瑰茄苹果果酒的研制

以玫瑰茄和苹果为主要原料,通过单因素和正交试验研究玫瑰茄苹果果酒的生产工艺。结果表明,按重量计,苹果40 g,1%的玫瑰茄提取液60 g,酿酒酵母添加量0.05%,蔗糖添加量8 g,发酵温度为28℃,混合发酵48 h。酿制的玫瑰茄果酒呈玫瑰红色,清亮透明,果香浓郁,酸甜爽口。     

玫瑰茄红色素的结构定性研究

对玫瑰茄红色素进行了一系列定性实验,欲对其结构进行初步鉴定。结果表明:玫瑰茄红色素属于花青甙类色素,有邻二酚羟基或邻三酚羟基,含有葡萄糖和木糖两种糖苷。其主体结构是失车菊素和飞燕草素。     

Characteristics of Coloured Wine Produced from Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) Calyx Extract

Wine was produced from roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) calyx extract using strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and subjected to physico‐chemical analyses using standard analytical methods. Imported commercial red wine was used as the reference for sensory evaluation. The results showed that ameliorated roselle calyx extract (must) had 4.21% protein, 0.69% titratable acidity, and 21°Brix total soluble solids. The roselle calyx wine had a pH value of 3.43, a titratable acidity of 0.75%, and an alcohol content of 10.8% (w/v), which were all within values for grape wine. Total anthocyanin (TACY) content and total colour density (TCD) of the wine was 22.26 abs/mL and 25.20 abs/mL, respectively. The sensory properties of the roselle wine showed no significant difference with those of the imported red wine and it appears that roselle calyx could be used to produce acceptable coloured wine.     

Optimization of hot water extraction of roselle juice using response surface methodology: a comparative study with other extraction methods

Roselle has regained the attention of many fruit juice manufacturers in Malaysia as a product that contains high ascorbic acid and anthocyanins. However, ascorbic acid and anthocyanin pigments can be easily destroyed during processing of fruit juice. Therefore, in the present study, the effects of different processing methods, namely hot water extraction (HWE), hot water blending, cold water blending and screw press, on the changes in anthocyanins and ascorbic acid contents of roselle juice were evaluated. The anthocyanins and ascorbic acid contents of roselle were determined using the pH differential method and high‐performance liquid chromatography respectively. The physico‐chemical characteristics and sensory properties of roselle juice were also evaluated. The results of the study indicate that the HWE method is the most effective extraction method, resulting in high anthocyanins and ascorbic acid contents of 43 g l^?1 (as delphinidin‐3‐glucoside) and 2.34 g kg^?1 respectively. The optimum juice extraction conditions were 3.5 h at 60 °C. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

不同干燥方法对玫瑰茄品质的影响及其花青素的提取工艺优化

研究真空冷冻干燥、过热蒸汽结合真空冷冻干燥、过热蒸汽结合真空干燥、热风干燥4种不同干燥方法对玫瑰茄干制品的外观品质、色泽、复水比及总花青素含量的影响。并且在单因素试验基础上,以总花青素含量为响应值,利用Box-Behnken设计对影响总花青素含量的乙醇体积、液料比、超声温度、超声功率4个主要因素进行优化。结果表明:真空冷冻干燥工艺对玫瑰茄的外观品质影响较小,与原有形态差异不大,色泽也最为鲜艳,复水效果较好,且总花青素含量高达(1556.54±1.01)mg/100 g,综合比较下,真空冷冻干燥的玫瑰茄品质优于其他干燥方法。结合实际试验情况,超声波辅助提取玫瑰茄花青素的最佳工艺参数为乙醇体积63%、液料比31 mL/g、超声温度49℃、超声功率140 W,该条件下提取得总花青素含量可达(1604.75±1.37)mg/100 g。     

模糊数学法应用于玫瑰茄复合袋泡茶的工艺研究

本文采用玫瑰茄、玫瑰花、草莓、甜叶菊为原料制成复合果茶袋泡,并以感官评价及DPPH自由基清除率为指标,采用模糊数学法综合评定并与感官评价相比较,确定了复合袋泡茶的最佳配方及冲泡条件,即玫瑰茄:玫瑰的原料配比为1.5:1,冻干草莓、甜叶菊添加量分别为茶袋内容物总质量的50.0％和1.4％,冲泡热水温度为70℃,冲泡热水量...     

玫瑰花、玫瑰茄、滇红茶、绿茶复合饮料的研制

以玫瑰花、红茶、绿茶、玫瑰茄为主要原料研制复合饮料。采用L2(556)正交试验和感观评定的方法确定了饮料的最佳配方及加工工艺。试验表明添加红茶4g·L-1、绿茶g·L-1、玫瑰花8g·L-1、玫瑰茄10g·L-1、白糖120g·L-1、柠檬酸0.2g·L-1,饮料感观品质最好。     

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) seed oil is a rich source of gamma-tocopherol

ABSTRACT:  The antioxidant potential of roselle ( Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) extracts was studied. Different plant organs, including seeds, stems, leaves, and sepals, were analyzed with respect to their water-soluble antioxidant capacity, lipid-soluble antioxidant capacity, and tocopherol content, revealing that roselle seeds are a good source of lipid-soluble antioxidants, particularly γ-tocopherol. Roselle seed oil was extracted and characterized, and its physicochemical parameters are summarized: acidity, 2.24%; peroxide index, 8.63 meq/kg; extinction coefficients at 232 (k₂₃₂) and 270 nm (k₂₇₀), 3.19 and 1.46, respectively; oxidative stability, 15.53 h; refractive index, 1.477; density, 0.92 kg/L; and viscosity, 15.9 cP. Roselle seed oil belongs to the linoleic/oleic category, its most abundant fatty acids being C18:2 (40.1%), C18:1 (28%), C16:0 (20%), C18:0 (5.3%), and C19:1 (1.7%). Sterols include β-sitosterol (71.9%), campesterol (13.6%), Δ-5-avenasterol (5.9%), cholesterol (1.35%), and clerosterol (0.6%). Total tocopherols were detected at an average concentration of 2000 mg/kg, including α-tocopherol (25%), γ-tocopherol (74.5%), and δ-tocopherol (0.5%). The global characteristics of roselle seed oil suggest that it could have important industrial applications, adding to the traditional use of roselle sepals in the elaboration of karkade tea.     

基于玫瑰茄花青素的猪肉新鲜度智能指示膜研究

本研究以玫瑰茄花青素提取物制备可检测肉类新鲜度的智能指示膜,分别以淀粉、壳聚糖和聚乙烯醇两两混合作为成膜基底材料,比较分析了不同基底材料复合膜在机械性能、水溶性、微观结构以及颜色稳定性等方面的差异。结果表明:壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇/玫瑰茄花青素复合膜的抗拉强度最大,为98.28 MPa;聚乙烯醇/淀粉/玫瑰茄花青素复合膜的断裂伸长率最大,为88.16%,含水率最低且稳定性最高;扫描电子显微镜结果表明不同基底材料复合膜的微观结构差异较大。将聚乙烯醇/淀粉/玫瑰茄花青素复合膜用于猪肉新鲜度的检测,结果表明:在25℃贮藏环境下,随着时间延长,猪肉的挥发性盐基氮的含量不断上升,36 h后,猪肉的挥发性盐基氮值大于15 mg/100 g,表明猪肉已经腐败,同时复合膜的颜色变成淡紫色,60 h后变为褐色。研究结果可为猪肉新鲜度智能指示膜的研究开发提供参考。