平贝母多糖对D-半乳糖诱导衰老模型小鼠的抗氧化作用

为了探讨平贝母多糖对D-半乳糖诱导衰老模型小鼠的体内抗氧化作用,采用颈背皮下注射D-半乳糖(500mg/(kg.d))建立亚急性衰老小鼠模型,通过对各组小鼠一般体征、脏器指数、血清或肝组织抗氧化酶活性及脑组织单胺氧化酶(MAO)活力的比较分析,全面评价平贝母多糖FUP-1的抗氧化衰老作用。结果表明:与模型组相比平贝母多糖FUP-1能显著降低D-半乳糖诱导衰老小鼠肝脏组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量(P<0.05),提高肝组织中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、显著提高肝组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性(P<0.05),同时降低脑组织中MAO活力。提示平贝母多糖FUP-1具有一定的延缓衰老作用,其作用可能与其提高抗氧化酶活性和抗脂质过氧化有关。     

银耳多糖抗氧化作用的研究

研究银耳多糖的抗氧化活性。以银耳为原料,经简单分离纯化,制得银耳多糖。将ICR小鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型对照组、银耳多糖低、中、高剂量组,通过每日皮下注射D-半乳糖建立亚急性衰老小鼠模型,空白对照组用生理盐水代替。剂量组小鼠灌胃剂量分别为100、200、400 mg/(kg·bw),空白对照组和模型对照组用生理盐水代替,每日一次,持续八周。测定比较血清、肝脏、脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)与谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSHPx)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和皮肤中的羟脯氨酸含量的差异。与模型组相比,银耳多糖剂量组小鼠血清、肝脏、脑组织中的SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活性和总抗氧化能力显著增强,MDA含量的异常上升受到明显抑制,皮肤中的羟脯氨酸含量显著提高,且以银耳多糖中、高剂量组的效果更好。银耳多糖对D-半乳糖致亚急性衰老小鼠具有较强的抗氧化活性。     

肌醇与D-手性肌醇抗氧化作用的研究

目的:肌醇、D-手型肌醇对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠体内抗氧化能力的研究。方法:采用颈背部皮下注射D-半乳糖的方法建立衰老小鼠模型,然后分别以100、200、400mg/(kg·bw)剂量的肌醇、D-手型肌醇灌胃。给药八周后,将小鼠处死,观察其对血清、肝脏和脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)的影响。结果表明:与模型组相比肌醇、D-手性肌醇各剂量组均能不同程度增加血清和组织中SOD和CAT的活性,提高T-AOC,降低MDA含量。说明肌醇和D-手型肌醇可以通过提高抗氧化酶的活性,显著提高D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠的抗氧化能力。     

贡菊多糖对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠的抗衰老作用

目的:探讨贡菊多糖对D-半乳糖所致衰老小鼠的抗衰老的作用。方法:将小鼠随机分为5组:空白对照组,D-半乳糖衰老模型对照组(80mg/kg·d bw),贡菊多糖低、中、高剂量组(50、100、150mg/kg·d bw),考察血清和肝中SOD、GSH-Px、CAT、T-AOC和血清、肝及脑中的MDA等指标。结果:贡菊多糖能拮抗D-半乳糖所致的小鼠衰老,使小鼠血清及肝组织SOD、GSH-Px、CAT、T-AOC活性明显回升,血清、肝脏和脑组织中MDA的水平下降。结论:贡菊多糖具有延缓衰老的作用。     

灵芝多糖益生菌酸奶抗衰老的研究

对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠分别灌胃添加不同含量灵芝多糖的益生菌酸奶,测定各组处理小鼠脏器指数,血清及不同组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性指标,研究添加灵芝多糖的益生菌酸奶对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠抗衰老作用的效果。结果表明:添加灵芝多糖的益生菌酸奶可显著提高衰老模型小鼠血清及不同组织中SOD、CAT、GSH-PX活性、降低MDA含量(P0.05),且以高剂量组[1 200 mg/(kg·d)]效果最优。与衰老模型组相比,高剂量组[1 200 mg/(kg·d)]小鼠血清、肝脏、脑组织中SOD活力依次提高20.34%、8.39%、48.95%;小鼠血清、肝脏中GSH-PX活力依次提高38.45%、39.67%;小鼠血清、肝脏、脑组织中MDA含量分别降低38.37%、43.97%、38.39%;小鼠脑组织、肝脏、肾脏中CAT活力依次提高60.02%、55.29%、37.73%。与酸奶组相比,高剂量组小鼠SOD活力依次提高18.36%、1.58%、25.13%;GSH-PX活力依次提高38.45%、30.26%;MDA含量分别降低10.47%、30.96%、18.91%;CAT活力依次提高41.31%、32.07%、26.64%。结论:灵芝多糖添加入植物乳杆菌益生发酵酸奶可发挥灵芝多糖和益生菌酸奶在抗衰老功能方面的协同作用发挥更强抗衰老效果。     

东北山核桃仁油对D-半乳糖衰老小鼠抗氧化能力的影响

研究东北山核桃仁油(Juglans mandshurica Oil,JMO)对D-半乳糖衰老小鼠抗氧化能力的影响。采用连续颈背部注射D-半乳糖建小鼠亚急性衰老模型的方法,造模6周。建模同时,以VC为阳性物质对照组,JMO低、中、高剂量组分别灌胃5、10、20mL/(kg.d),同时设模型对照组,灌胃生理盐水。6周后测定小鼠血清、肝脏、脑组织中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和单胺氧化酶(MAO)的含量。结果表明:模型对照组血清、肝脏和脑组织匀浆中T-AOC、S OD、C A T、G S H-P x含量均显著降低,M AO和M D A含量显著升高,与正常对照组比较差异显著;1 0、2 0mL/(kg.d)中、高剂量JMO可显著提高衰老小鼠机体总抗氧化能力T-AOC水平,显著提高抗氧化酶SOD、CAT和GSH-Px的活性,明显降低MAO活性和脂质过氧化物MDA含量,与模型对照组比较有显著性差异。提示,JMO能抑制机体内脂质过氧化物的生成,有效清除机体内产生的过量自由基,显著提高亚急性衰老小鼠的抗氧化能力,具有量效关系。     

刺参内脏蛋白酶解液抗氧化活性研究

采用小鼠D-半乳糖致衰老模型,通过测定小鼠肝脏和心脏中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量,进一步研究了刺参内脏蛋白酶解物酶解物的抗氧化活性。表明灌胃200 mg/kg·d酶解物可明显提高小鼠肝脏和心脏中SOD和GSH-Px活力,并显著降低MDA含量。说明刺参内脏蛋白酶解物在一定程度上能够提高D-半乳糖模型衰老小鼠的抗氧化能力。     

羊肚菌菌丝体锌多糖的体内、体外抗氧化作用

对羊肚菌菌丝体通过液体富锌培养获得锌多糖,对其体内、体外抗氧化作用进行了研究。采用Fenton法、邻苯三酚自氧化法和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)还原法对羊肚菌菌丝体锌多糖的体外抗氧化性进行了研究。通过腹腔注射D-半乳糖(100 mg/(kg·d))诱导致衰老小鼠为对照组,羊肚菌菌丝体多糖和羊肚菌菌丝体锌多糖(320 mg/(kg·d))为治疗组。30 d后检测小鼠肝脏、肾脏和血清中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活力和丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量,研究羊肚菌菌丝体多糖体内抗氧化作用。羊肚菌菌丝体多糖和羊肚菌菌丝体锌多糖清除羟自由基半数抑制浓度(half maximal inhibitory concentration,IC_(50))分别为0.56 mg/m L和0.36 mg/m L;清除超氧阴离子自由基IC_(50)分别为0.62 mg/m L和0.46 mg/m L;清除DPPH自由基IC_(50)分别为0.68 mg/m L和0.58 mg/m L。羊肚菌菌丝体锌多糖能够提高衰老小鼠肝脏中SOD和CAT活力,显著降低MDA含量(P0.05),与羊肚菌菌丝体多糖组相比使SOD活力提高了9.32%,CAT活力提高了36.73%,MDA含量降低了90.71%。羊肚菌菌丝体锌多糖具有更强的抗氧化活性,并在设定的质量浓度范围呈剂量效应关系。     

黄秋葵果实粉对衰老模型小鼠抗氧化能力的影响

探讨黄秋葵果实粉(OFP)对D-半乳糖致衰老模型小鼠抗氧化能力的影响。以昆明种小鼠为研究对象,颈背部皮下注射D-半乳糖造模。正常对照组、模型对照组饲喂基础饲料,实验组小鼠饲喂含受试物低、中、高剂量(32.00、64.00、128.00 g/kg)饲料,实验期56 d,测定血清和肝组织匀浆中超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶(GSHPx)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性及丙二醛(MDA)的含量。D-半乳糖致衰小鼠SOD活性、GSH-Px活性和CAT活性均明显下降,MDA含量明显上升,与正常小鼠比较差异显著;饲喂不同剂量的黄秋葵果实粉后均能提高小鼠血清、肝脏组织中的SOD、GSH-Px和CAT活性,同时降低血清、肝脏组织中MDA含量。适量摄入黄秋葵果实粉能显著提高衰老小鼠的抗氧化能力,具有一定延缓衰老的作用。     

短乳杆菌AR247的抗氧化成分及其抗衰老作用

对短乳杆菌AR247的抗氧化成分及其对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠的保护作用进行研究。通过分级萃取等试验得知,短乳杆菌AR247的抗氧化成分多为水溶性组分和胞内组分。通过皮下注射D-半乳糖【150 mg/(kg·d)】6周后,建造衰老模型,然后灌胃6周1.0×10^9 CFU/mL(1 mL/100 g)的短乳杆菌AR247。结束后测定血清、肝脏和脑中的抗氧化水平,如过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力和谷胱甘肽(GSH)、丙二醛(MDA)的含量。同时测定小鼠血清中的白介素2(IL-2)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)含量。结果表明:短乳杆菌AR247能延缓D-半乳糖引起的衰老,如恢复体重和脑指数至正常水平,使小鼠的CAT、SOD、GSH-Px活性升高(P<0.05),GSH含量升高(P<0.05),MDA含量降低(P<0.05),其中肝脏MDA含量降至正常的66.13%。与模型组相比,免疫水平提高(P<0.05),IL-2含量提高至正常组的104.50%。短乳杆菌AR247具有抗氧化和延缓衰老作用,其体内抗氧化的作用机制可能与改善机体的抗氧化功能和增强免疫功能有关。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.