柠檬烯乳化液对青椒采后生理和贮藏品质的影响

用柠檬烯乳化液浸泡青椒3min,研究柠檬烯对青椒采后生理和贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,供试浓度的柠檬烯乳化液浸泡处理对青椒的腐烂有明显的抑制作用,贮藏期内柠檬烯乳化液处理组腐烂率较对照组低30%(p<0.01);对青椒的细胞膜系统有保护作用,贮藏第6、12d,对照组细胞膜受损程度分别是柠檬烯乳化液处理组的2.103倍和1.329倍(p<0.01);可以减缓青椒中维生素C、叶绿素、可滴定酸的消耗和分解,贮藏期内柠檬烯乳化液处理组含量均极显著地高于对照组(p<0.01);柠檬烯乳化液处理对青椒中的可溶性蛋白质、可溶性固形物也有一定的保留作用,但含量与对照组相比未达到极显著(p>0.01)。柠檬烯乳化液可以有效延缓青椒的采后生理变化,保持青椒的品质,提高其耐贮藏性。     

柠檬烯处理对鲜切哈密瓜贮藏生理及品质的影响

为保持鲜切哈密瓜贮藏品质和效果，将具有防腐、抑菌作用的柠檬烯用于鲜切哈密瓜的保鲜。用无菌蒸馏水、0.05%、0.10%、0.20%浓度的柠檬烯溶液对鲜切哈密瓜进行处理，放在5 ℃下贮藏，研究不同浓度的柠檬烯处理对鲜切哈密瓜生理及品质的影响。结果表明，0.10%柠檬烯处理可以较好地保持鲜切哈密瓜的水分、色泽，保持维生素C含量，减少可溶性固形物的消耗，抑制呼吸强度，减缓硬度下降的速率，提高超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）活性，贮藏后期较好保持过氧化氢酶（catalase，CAT）活性，抑制多酚氧化酶（polyphenol oxidase，PPO）和过氧化物酶（peroxidase，POD）活性，减缓鲜切哈密瓜的代谢，较好地保持鲜切哈密瓜的品质。该试验得出柠檬烯处理鲜切哈密瓜有利于保持鲜切哈密瓜的贮藏品质且0.1%的柠檬烯处理液对鲜切哈密瓜的保鲜效果最佳。     

柠檬烯乳化液对菠菜采后生理和贮藏品质的影响

用柠檬烯乳化溶液浸泡菠菜3min,研究柠檬烯乳化液对菠菜采后生理和贮藏品质的影响.结果表明,与清水处理相比,柠檬烯乳化液处理能显著减缓菠菜细胞膜透性的上升速率(p＜0.05),贮藏初期(0～3d)对叶绿素有显著保留作用(p＜0.05);在贮藏的前6d,对维生素C、可溶性固形物的维持作用显著(p＜0.05),而在贮藏期内对可滴定酸、可溶性蛋白质影响不显著(p＞0.05).柠檬烯乳化液可以保持菠菜的细胞膜结构,在贮藏的前6d可提高菠菜的贮藏品质.     

柠檬烯乳化液对杏采后保鲜效果的影响

用柠檬烯复合液浸泡杏3min后,研究柠檬烯乳化液对杏贮藏期间各项营养指标的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,各处理均能明显地抑制杏的腐烂变质,减缓杏维生素C、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸的消耗和分解,延缓杏采后生理变化,减少营养物质的损失,保持杏的贮藏品质,延长贮藏期,提高其耐贮藏性。     

功能性啤酒的开发进展

功能性食品被誉为２１世纪食品,体现了当今食品发展的趋势之一。功能性食品是指对人体具有增强机体防御功能,调节生理节律,预防疾病和促进健康等有关生理调节功能的加工食品。 啤酒本身所含的许多成分即有保健机能,如电解质、维生素、多肽类、多糖类、多种有机酸、酚或酮类物质,可促进人体的消化和吸收,增强血液循环的作用,可以使人的体质增加。所以啤酒很适合作为功能食品的基质。 功能食品中真正起到生理作用的成分称功能因子,也称生理活性成分或人体调节因子。由于啤酒的特性而决定它不能添加某些产生消泡作用的功能性因子,如油…     

柠檬烯的安全性研究进展

柠檬烯是柑橘类水果精油的主要成分,由于其具有抑菌、抗癌等多种生理功能,被广泛应用于食品、药品等行业中。本文综述近些年关于柠檬烯安全性的研究,包括柠檬烯的毒理学评价、遗传毒性、细胞毒性及其对人、动物及环境的影响,以期为柠檬烯有效、安全利用提供参考。     

初探调味食品与人体保健

根据我国数千年来应用调味食品的历史和提供人类营养、感觉和生理效用的功能，对酱油、醋和料酒的生理效用，对大蒜、姜、葱、花椒、八角的药疗作用进行阐述，并提出为开发功能化调味食品的设想和建议     

壳聚糖的安全性及其生理活性

壳聚糖具有理想的安全性和有利于人体健康的特殊生理活性，为机能性食品和食品添加剂的提供了有利条件。     

天然抗氧化剂--茶多酚的应用

本文综述了茶多酚的国内外发展概况、结构与组成、生理作用、在食品中的应用、安全性，并展望了其发展前景。     

麦麸中生理活性物质研究与应用进展

阿拉伯木聚糖、植酸、阿魏酸是麦麸中重要的生理活性物质，具有抗肿瘤、抗氧化等功能，加上其很强的饱水性、稳定性，使它在食品添加剂和功能食品开发上具有广泛的应用前景。不同的分离提取方法对这些生理活性物质的得率、结构影响明显，并影响其功用，本文综述了麦麸阿拉伯木聚糖、植酸、阿魏酸的提取方法及其应用情况。     

Flavor Migration Out of Food Matrices: III. Migration of Limonene and Pyrazine in Formulated Dough Undergoing Microwave Reheating

ABSTRACT Cold-trap, on-line sampling was applied to investigate migration of flavor compounds in a solid food matrix subjected to microwave heating. The activation energy levels for migration of limonene, pyrazine, and water are 58.2, 51.5, and 46.4 kJ/mol, respectively. The results of microwave reheating of limonene-formulated dough showed no significant limonene concentration profile in the sample and less than 1% overall change in total limonene concentration. Because the flavor concentration used for this migration study is greater than the amount that would be added to real products, it can be concluded that after microwave reheating of flavor-formulated dough, limonene is very stable and significant losses do not occur.     

柠檬烯微生物转化的研究进展

柠檬烯是一种重要的功能性单萜,在食品中作为香精香料添加剂被广泛使用,其含氧衍生物具更高经济价值。与传统化学方法相比,微生物转化反应条件温和,区域和立体选择性好,环境友好且获得的为"天然"产品。本文介绍柠檬烯的微生物转化产物,分析柠檬烯的主要转化途径以及转化途径中的关键酶,并系统地综述影响生物转化的因素。     

Release and Transport of Flavors In Vivo: Physicochemical,Physiological, and Perceptual Considerations

For flavor perception to occur, the chemicals responsible for flavor perception must be released from the food matrix and transported to the flavor receptors in the mouth and nose. The overall process is governed by the properties of the flavor compounds, the nature of the food matrix and the physiological conditions of the mouth, nose and throat during consumption of the food. These factors combine to determine the concentrations and rate at which the flavor chemicals reach the receptors, thus creating the characteristic flavor profile of a food. Physicochemical factors like partitioning, interfacial mass transport and diffusion are the typical mechanisms governing flavor release. Although the theory behind these factors is well understood, applying them to the situation in‐mouth during eating is difficult. This is because key parameters like surface area and flavor concentrations in the gas and liquid phases change rapidly with time as a result of the physiological processes occurring during eating. Furthermore, individuals vary in their rate of breathing, swallowing and salivation, which affects the transport of flavors from the saliva phase to receptors on the tongue and in the nose. This review covers all aspects of flavor release from food matrices and the subsequent delivery of flavor to the olfactory and gustatory receptors.     

Solubility of Polystyrene in Certain Vegetable Oils, Essential Oils and Their Constituents

Certain food items have been shown to be incompatible with the expanded polystyrene used for the manufacture of food containers. Using t¹⁴C polystyrene (synthesized in such a way as to approximate the structure of commercial polystyrene), it was determined that this incompatibility was due, in part, to the dissolution of polystyrene by certain essential oils. Citronella, limonene and terpinene (constituents of many flavor oils) were found to be excellent solvents for polystyrene, solubilizing almost half a gram per gram of solvent at room temperature.     

口腔加工对于食品风味感知及其释放影响的研究进展

传统食品风味研究以材料学的方法与技术为基础,定量、定性地描述及分析食品风味物质多少以及变化,其忽略了口腔加工过程中食物风味释放及感知中"人"的因素。而食品口腔加工学的产生打破传统研究壁垒,以食品与人体相互作用为基础进行研究,探索食品在口腔加工过程中的结构及物理化学性质变化,揭示口腔的生理响应机制和感官心理结果。该文以食品口腔加工为切入点,详细介绍口腔加工对食品风味感知及释放影响的研究进展。     

不同黔北麻羊加工产品中挥发性风味物质分析

为研究不同黔北麻羊加工产品风味物质的变化规律，采用顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发性风味成分进行鉴定和分析。结果表明：生羊肉、白切羊肉、清汤羊肉及红汤羊肉中共检测出76 种挥发性风味成分，以醛类、烃类、酮类为主；主成分分析表明，柠檬烯、茴香烯、石竹烯、芳樟醇、2,3-辛二酮、草蒿脑、己醛、壬醛和辛醇为黔北麻羊系列产品的主要风味成分；韦恩图分析表明，己醛、壬醛和辛醇构成黔北麻羊4 种系列产品风味的基本骨架，己醛、壬醛、辛醇、柠檬烯和石竹烯构成黔北麻羊3 种加工产品的主要风味骨架。     

柠檬烯处理对鲜切花椰菜生理代谢、滋味和风味的影响

新鲜花椰菜经鲜切加工处理后易发生酶促氧化褐变和品质劣变等现象,研发可有效保持鲜切花椰菜品质的方法是目前亟待解决的保鲜技术难题,本实验以‘夏花’花椰菜为实验材料,采用柠檬烯浸泡处理,通过测定生理代谢、滋味以及风味指标,探究柠檬烯处理对鲜切花椰菜的保鲜效果。结果表明,柠檬烯处理鲜切花椰菜可有效抑制褐变指数、质量损失率和呼吸强度上升,减缓L*值和总可溶性固形物（total soluble solid,TSS）质量分数下降;同时,柠檬烯处理还可提高相关抗氧化酶活力,维持还原型抗坏血酸（ascorbic acid,AsA）和谷胱甘肽（glutataione,GSH）等抗氧化物质的含量,提高1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基清除率以及总抗氧化能力;此外,柠檬烯处理还可减少丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）、超氧阴离子含量和过氧化氢含量,降低脂氧合酶（lipoxygenase,LOX）活力,延缓膜脂过氧化发生,维持鲜切花椰菜在贮藏期间的新鲜品质。研究还发现,柠檬烯处理有效保持了鲜切花椰菜烷烃、芳香成分等挥发性物质,使其在贮藏期间维持较好的气味特征,对鲜切花椰菜的滋味无不良影响。结论：柠檬烯处理可有效抑制鲜切花椰菜品质劣变,延长产品的货架期。本研究可为研发鲜切花椰菜保鲜技术提供理论依据。     

Complexation with starch for encapsulation and controlled release of menthone and menthol

A platform of starch complexes for the oral release of aroma substances by salivary fluids was studied. Menthone, menthol and limonene were used as model flavor compounds for complexation with starches with different amylose content. Complexes were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Aroma retention was tested under pH, temperature and storage challenges. Furthermore, the kinetic of aroma release in simulated saliva fluids (SSF) was also tested. Both menthone and menthol form V-amylose complexes in a ’food grade’ process while limonene does not form such complexes efficiently. Complexation yield was higher, with more included aroma and less free core content, as the amylose content increased. The complexes had melting temperature of over 90 °C. Digestion results suggest that the complexes can release the aroma in the oral cavity.     

Improvement of Aroma and Shelf-Life of Non-alcoholic Beverages Through Cyclodextrins-Limonene Inclusion Complexes

Limonene is a monoterpene flavor compound found in several beverages. However, it easily degrades by oxidation reactions at acidic environment contributing to an undesirable off-flavor. Encapsulation technologies can protect compounds from degradation. This work focuses on the effect of using complexes of limonene with α-, β-, and γ- and HP-β-cyclodextrins in non-alcoholic beverages to improve flavor and shelf-life stability due to the chemical structure of cyclodextrins. Spray-drying technology was applied to prepare different cyclodextrin/limonene forms, from which the most promising was selected and further applied in simulated lemon juice beverages. Different drying process conditions were tested, namely feed temperature (120, 160, and 180 °C) and setting of prior incubation (temperature, room and 50 °C; time, 0.17 and 24 h). An inlet temperature of 160 °C favored the encapsulation of limonene into resulting nano/microparticles. Moreover, incubation for 24 h enhanced limonene retention for all complexes, especially for β-cyclodextrin/limonene complexes, which achieved 66% of encapsulation efficiency and a 6.25 w/w of limonene load. The β-cyclodextrin/limonene particles which enabled higher load (160 °C, 24 h) presented particle size ranging between 1 and 3 μm and were chosen to undergo an accelerated aging process in a lemon juice beverage model. This study revealed that the limonene content decreased over time for model and supplemented juice, but decreased less when β-cyclodextrin/limonene particles were added. After 10 days, which mimics 9 months of storage, 40% of complexed limonene remained in the model beverage.     

食品中的呈味肽及其呈味机理研究进展

呈味肽因其不同链长度和结构序列具有不同的滋味特征,包括甜味、苦味、酸味、咸味和鲜味。目前国内对于呈味肽的研究主要集中在其种类和数量的发掘阶段,关于呈味肽与味觉感受器相互作用而呈味的机理还不是十分清晰;而国外对于呈味肽的降血压、降血糖等生物活性功能以及5类呈味肽的相应呈味机理研究有相关新报道。本文阐述了食品中的呈味肽以及其在食品中的作用,并综述了其呈味机理的研究新进展,以期为食品风味研究及调味品的开发提供参考依据。