PVC 压延柔性复合材料应力松弛的力学模型

根据黏弹性材料力学模型的假设,选取线性黏弹性力学模型中四元件模型的等效模型和非线性黏弹性力学模型中的欧林模型,基于材料相同但增强织物组织结构不同的3 种试样进行的应力松弛试验,通过MatLab 软件计算,拟合出四元件模型的等效模型及欧林模型的方程参数,并采用MatLab 软件计算机画图显示实测点和拟合曲线,从而进一步比较、分析得出最适合压延类柔性复合材料松弛性能的力学模型,证明PVC 压延类柔性复合材料具有非线性黏弹性的力学特征,属于非线性黏弹性的范畴,且增强织物的组织结构对这一属性影响不明显。     

桑蚕丝的蠕变性能分析

本文分别对生丝和茧丝进行拉伸性能、蠕变性能测试,实验发现两者的蠕变曲线都呈上升趋势,比较平缓;并且茧丝的蠕变变形要比生丝大,蠕变现象更为明显。接着利用三元件、四元件力学模型分别对生丝和茧丝的蠕变行为进行力学性能阐述,两者对比发现四元件模型能更好模拟丝线在小应变下的蠕变性能。     

PTT和锦纶纤维的蠕变性能研究

通过对PTT纤维和锦纶纤维的拉抻性能和蠕变性能的研究,得到纤维力学性能参数,进一步采用三元件和四元件力学模型进行分析,结果表明:相比三元件模型,四元件模型可以很好地表征纤维的蠕变性能。     

7种淀粉凝胶应力松弛特性研究

将7种淀粉采用相同方法制备出凝胶块作为实验试样,经质构仪进行压缩和应力松弛实验得到流变学特性参数。利用统计分析软件进行非线性回归拟合,建立了广义Maxwell力学模型。结果表明:淀粉凝胶具有良好的压缩黏弹性力学性质,五元件广义Maxwell模型适用于模拟淀粉凝胶的应力松弛现象。通过主成分分析,应力松弛参数可归纳为两类,即凝胶粘弹特性和凝胶松弛时间。     

酱牛肉应力松弛特性实验

以5个品牌酱牛肉为试样,从压缩试验及应力松弛试验研究中获得力学-流变学性质参数,利用SPSS软件进行非线性回归拟合,建立了广义Maxwell流变模型。结果表明:酱牛肉具有良好的压缩黏弹性力学性质,属黏弹性材料,五元件广义Maxwell模型适用于模拟酱牛肉的应力松弛现象。对应力松弛参数做主成分分析,应力松弛试验的7个参数可以分为两个主成分,归纳为2类,即黏弹特性和松弛时间。     

短纤/长丝芯鞘型复合纱成纱机制与工艺

重点研究了刚性长丝、柔性长丝、弹性长丝与短纤维须条在环锭纺纱机上纺制短纤/长丝复合纱的工艺技术。先回顾短纤/长丝复合纱的分类、组合方式及其结构,进而分析刚性长丝、柔性长丝、弹性长丝的退绕条件、纤维转移机制,优化了复合成纱的工艺参数,提出以制备芯鞘型刚性长丝包芯纱、柔性长丝包芯纱、弹性长丝包芯纱为目标的复合纺纱工艺技术和纺纱工艺参数。并对刚性长丝复合纱、柔性长丝复合纱、弹性长丝复合纱在纺织产品中的应用及其开发前景进行了展望。     

转杯纺复合纱长丝与短纤复合点位置的建模与分析

针对转杯纺长丝/短纤复合纱成纱过程中长丝与短纤的复合点位置会影响复合纱的成纱结构和性能问题,通过对成纱过程中长丝、短纤和复合纱进行力学分析,建立转杯纺复合纱长丝与短纤复合过程的准静态力学模型.利用建立的模型,在不同转杯半径、长丝与复合纺纱速度比条件下,对棉/涤(58 tex/7.8 tex)复合纱的复合点位置进行求解....     

涤/棉/丝三组分Sirofil复合纱的拉伸性能分析

 对涤/棉/丝三组分复合纱线的拉伸性能作了分析和研究。在小变形下建立了一个三元件模型来描述复合纱的拉伸情况,说明3根不同弹性模量的纱线复合后其拉伸弹性模量得到改善,介于三者之间;而在大变形下建立了一个四元件拉伸力学模型来描述复合纱的拉伸断裂情况,同时通过非线性回归分析法对其进行了验证,证明Sirofil复合纱的非线性黏弹特征可以采用多项式来描述,实验拉伸曲线与理论推导的模型基本一致。     

基于分数阶模型的纱线蠕变性能模拟与预测

针对现有纱线拉伸力学模型描述不准确问题,以分数阶微积分模型对纱线拉伸行为进行分析。首先,引入分数阶微积分理论改进的黏壶模型建立了分数阶纱线蠕变模型,使用XL-2型纱线强伸度仪对不同线密度及不同张力纱线进行蠕变实验,获得纱线蠕变的全过程曲线。通过对不同线密度下的试验曲线进行回归分析得到了模型参数以及蠕变模型参数与施加张力大小的变化关系。最后,利用不同模型对不同张力的纱线蠕变曲线进行拟合和预测。结果表明:分数阶纱线蠕变模型,相比于三元件模型、整数阶模型和Burgers模型,具有结构简单、参数少的特点,并且对纱线蠕变的拟合和预测也具备较高的精度。     

PTT短纤纱性能研究

采用4种不同捻系数(280、320、360、400)的PTT短纤纱做为研究对象,对其主要力学性能(强伸性、拉伸回复性以及蠕变性能)进行了研究。通过纱线的强伸性能实验,初步得出了PTT短纤纱的临界捻系数范围在360左右;定伸长反复拉伸实验证明了PTT短纤纱具有良好的弹性回复性能;同时,由蠕变实验可以看到捻系数的大小对其弹性回复性影响不显著。并引入四元件模型对纱线的蠕变性能进行了模拟,模型拟合的参数与实验结果可以较好地吻合。     

PTT长丝力学性能的研究

研究了PTT长丝的力学性能和热性能，并与其他长丝进行了比较，结果表明PTT长丝具有优良的弹性和柔软度，其断裂伸长和弹性回复性比其他长丝好。经过热处理的PTT长丝的断裂伸长率增大，但断裂强度和弹性回复性都降低。     

Impact of polyurethane yarns on the mechanical properties of braided artificial ligaments

Anterior cruciate ligaments (ACL) have to meet a number of physiological and biomechanical requirements. Most of the permanent prostheses that have been developed suffer from fatigue, creep, and mechanical failure. This study aims to develop a new braided synthetic ligament which offers a high elasticity ensuring a long-term mechanical performance. Two braided structures were designed: a biaxial quadruple braid and a triaxial quadruple braid incorporating polyurethane filaments. The mechanical properties of these structures were measured and compared to those of the natural ligaments. The elastic recovery under a traumatic force was also studied in order to compare the elasticity of the manufactured samples. The obtained results showed that the elastic recuperation was improved, thanks to the incorporation of polyurethane yarns. These yarns provide prostheses with mechanical properties that closely match those of the native ACL.     

COMPARISON OF MECHANICAL TESTS FOR EVALUATING TEXTURAL CHANGES IN POTATOES DURING THERMAL SOFTENING

The changes in the texture of cylindrical samples of potato tissues immersed in water at 60, 70, 80 and 90C for up to 80 min were monitored at each temperature in terms of tangent modulus of elasticity in axial and radial compression tests, and elasticity and viscosity parameters in creep and stress relaxation tests. The magnitude of all mechanical test parameters decreased with an increase in heating time and temperature. The creep and stress relaxation responses of individual potato samples were adequately represented by respective mechanical models (R²= 0.94 to 0.99). The mechanical test parameters followed apparent first-order degradation kinetics due to the effect of thermal softening, and the rate constant was used as an index of the sensitivity of a mechanical test. The radial compression test was relatively more sensitive than the axial test. Based on an overall comparison, the parameters from creep and stress relaxation tests were found to be the most sensitive in describing the textural changes during thermal softening of potatoes.     

染整加工后自卷曲丝结构的变化及其织物弹性

为探究不同PTT/PET自卷曲长丝织物在后整理中的表现及其最终成品的弹性性能,选用3个厂家生产的PTT/PET自卷曲长丝试织织物,并在相同工艺条件下进行染整处理,再与氨纶织物进行对比,得到4种织物的质量损失率、纬向染缩率、弹性伸长率、弹性回复率。结果表明:单丝纤度越大,质量损失率越小,染色率越大;织造密度越大,质量损失率越小;弹性伸长率越大,弹性回复率越小。通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜观察及DSC辅助分析发现,PTT/PET复合丝由于单丝比较细,比表面积大,在染整处理过程中受到碱液腐蚀过大而发生2种组分分离的现象,从而失去了双组分丝应有的高弹性。     

Experimental study of material properties of modified Scots pine

The mechanical and physical properties of modified timber were assessed by experimental work. The timber was modified using three different methods: acetylation with acetic anhydride, modification with methylated melamine formaldehyde resin and heat treatment in an oil bath. The wood material was sapwood of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) with dimensions of 45×70×1100 mm. A total of 99 specimens were included in this study. The following properties and their inter-relations were studied: density, modulus of elasticity (MOE), bending creep deflection and relative creep. It was found that all the modifications successfully reduced the relative creep. However, the performance properties of modified timber ought not to be calculated on the basis of density, as is the case for untreated wood. On the other hand, the long-term performance of modified timber can be assessed by its initial MOE and the difference in equilibrium moisture content (EMC) between two climates.     

Experimental study of the fiber orientations in single and multi-ply continuous filament yarns

Abstract

A detailed identification, using X-ray microtomography, of the filament trajectories within twisted single and multi-ply continuous filament yarns is presented in this article, to accurately determine the distributions of orientations of filaments which govern the mechanical behavior of those yarns and the mechanisms of failure. The resolution of the images obtained by means of the X-ray microtomography experimental setup associated to the capabilities of an in-house developed image processing software allowed the reconstruction of the trajectories of almost all filaments within different yarn specimens. Various structural information are derived from these trajectories, dealing in particular with the orientation of individual segments of filaments with respect either to the ply trajectory or to the yarn axis. Compared to orientation distributions provided by different analytical models available in the literature, those resulting from reconstructed trajectories show similar global trends, while providing more details in peripheral regions and regions close to contact zones between plies. Maps of radial and spatial distributions of orientations provide a comprehensive representation of how filaments are oriented within the plies, which gives valuable insight into the inner structural arrangement of fibers which is one of the sources of nonlinearities in the mechanical behavior of filament yarns.     

Modelling of rheological characteristics of various spaghetti types

Spaghetti enriched with resistant starch was produced to increase the dietary fibre intake of consumers. In the product base it was compared to bran and control spaghetti regarding to viscoelastic properties. Viscoelastic properties were tested by relaxation and creep tests by using TA-XT2i texture analyser. The viscoelastic properties gave structural information. Relaxation and creep data were analysed by generalized Maxwell (two- and three-termed), Peleg & Normand, Burgers and Peleg models, respectively. For relaxation three-termed Maxwell and for creep behaviour Burgers model represented viscoelastic behaviour satisfactorily. In general, bran spaghetti was found to have the lowest elasticity. All the samples started to loose their elasticity as cooking time proceeded and it became easy to deform them. Instrumentally, spaghetti with resistant starch was found to be better than bran enriched spaghetti.     

Bending creep performance of modified timber

The present study is a supplement to Epmeier and Kliger (2005), which investigated the effect of three different modification methods (acetylation, modification with methylated melamine resin and heat treatment in vegetable oil) on four material properties (density, modulus of elasticity (MOE), creep deflection and relative creep) and their inter-relations. In this study, another modification method (furfurylation) and four additional material parameters (“relative stiffness”, i.e. MOE/density, moisture content, change in moisture content and anti-creep efficiency) and their correlations are included. In addition, the creep curves were analysed to assess the development of bending creep performance. The properties were assessed by experimental work on 132 specimens of Scots pine sapwood with dimensions of 45×70×1100 mm³. It was found that modification leads to significant changes in material properties. Furfurylation increases density and reduces creep deflection, relative creep and moisture content. Modified timber tends to deflect and creep significantly less than untreated timber. However, the extent of reduction in relative creep appears not to be related to the extent of reduction in creep deflection. Initial deflection and/or modulus of elasticity are suitable for predicting the creep deflection of untreated and modified timber.     

长丝变形纱的紊乱结构

化纤长丝的变形加工是使规则排列的长丝束变成具有一定稳定度、结构排列相对混乱的过程,因而可以将变形纱在结构上的次序性特征定义为紊乱结构。紊乱结构是变形纱的基本结构特征之一,较好地解释了变形纱诸多物理现象。变形纱紊乱结构的数学模型可从熵变的角度出发,并最终表达线性体系中单丝片段无序性与其空间状态体积数的关系,同时也可为三维直角坐标系中单丝片段分布的密度函数。相对紊乱度、相对熵变值及变形纱膨松度指数是重要的紊乱度参数,可通过测量变形线性体的线密度、表观直径等参数进行计算。     

聚丙烯腈预拉伸丝的热塑拉伸特性

通过湿法纺丝制备了不同拉伸倍数的聚丙烯腈预拉伸丝,采用偏光显微镜观察了拉伸倍数对预拉伸丝横截面形态的影响,采用DMA研究了预拉伸丝的塑化温度.在此基础上,采用温度控制的应力-应变仪研究了聚丙烯腈预拉伸丝的断裂应力和断裂伸长与温度、预拉伸倍数的关系,发现聚丙烯腈预拉伸丝在室温下的断裂伸长率小于40%,当二次拉伸的温度超过100℃时,断裂伸长率明显增大;且纤维的断裂应力随着预拉伸倍数的增大而增大.对预拉伸纤维进行二次热塑拉伸,发现纤维强度的增大程度大于水浴拉伸.