双酚S影响3T3-L1前脂肪细胞分化及其作用机制的研究

双酚A(BPA)的内分泌干扰作用以及对人体产生的不良影响,使双酚S(BPS)作为替代品在食品包装材料中应用更加广泛。BPS在大规模应用之前,并没有对其安全性进行充分研究。本文以3T3-L1前脂肪细胞为体外模型,探究BPS对3T3-L1前细胞分化的影响及作用途径,评价BPS安全性的同时,也为肥胖等慢性代谢疾病的预防提供参考。研究结果表明:BPS能促进3T3-L1前脂肪细胞生长,当浓度超过400μmol/L时,才能显著抑制细胞的增殖;BPS能显著诱导分化的3T3-L1细胞内脂质的积累,并呈现非剂量依赖关系;与模型组相比,BPA上调PPARγ、C/EBR和aP2基因的表达,而BPS只作用PPARγ基因的过表达,BPS和BPA都能使GLUT4基因的表达显著下降(p0.01)。总之BPS和BPA作用脂肪细胞分化的途径不完全一样,可能是在多种转录因子的共同作用下完成的。     

双酚S暴露对秀丽隐杆线虫行为学及生长发育的影响

双酚S(BPS)作为双酚A(BPA)的替代物,在各个产品中(奶瓶、食品罐和热敏纸等)已经得到广泛应用,但是目前关于BPS的毒理学研究甚少。本文以BPS为研究对象,秀丽线虫为模式生物,分析其对运动行为能力及生长发育的影响。研究结果表明,急性毒性试验中,暴露浓度达到1μM时,运动行为学指标身体弯曲频率显著下降,暴露浓度达到10μM时,运动行为学指标头部摆动频率显著下降;随着浓度的增加,BPS还会影响秀丽隐杆线虫的寿命和子代数目,导致寿命缩短和子代数目的减少,BPS浓度达到100μM时,与对照组相比,寿命下降了35.42%,子代数目下降了30.47%;BPS暴露会导致秀丽线虫体内活性氧自由基含量显著上升,推测高浓度的BPS可能造成秀丽线虫的氧化损伤,进而影响运动行为能力、寿命及子代数量。     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定瓶装饮用水中双酚A、双酚S

目的建立固相萃取(solid phase extraction,SPE)结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)测定瓶装饮用水中双酚A(bisphenol A,BPA)、双酚S(bisphenol S,BPS)的方法。方法利用BPA-D_4和BPS-~(13)C_(12)混合同位素内标,经Waters Oasis系列的HLB固相萃取柱富集样品,以甲醇-水为流动相,经Waters BEH C_(18)色谱柱分离,采用UPLC-MS/MS在负离子电离(electron spray ionization,ESI-)模式和多反应监控(multiple reaction monitoring,MRM)模式下检测。结果用该方法测定时,BPA在1~50μg/L范围内线性良好,BPS在0.2~10μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数r均为0.9999,BPA的平均回收率为99.5%~100.7%,相对标准偏差为0.8%~4.6%;BPS的平均回收率为95.9%~102.1%,相对标准偏差为1.3%~2.5%,BPA的最低检出浓度为20 ng/L,BPS的最低检出浓度为5 ng/L。结论此方法操作简单、灵敏度高、重现性好,适用于瓶装饮用水中双酚A、双酚S的检测。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定饮料中的4种环境类雌激素

目的建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)测定饮料中双酚A(bisphenol A,BPA)、双酚S(bisphenol S,BPS)、辛基酚(octylphenol,OP)和壬基酚(nonylphenol,NP)残留量的分析方法。方法样品经过HLB固相萃取柱净化后,用ZORBAX SB-Aq柱(3.0 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)分离,以甲醇和5 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾负离子模式(ESI-)电离,多反应监测模式(multiple reaction monitoring,MRM)进行检测。结果 BPA、BPS在2~100μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r0.999),方法的检出限(S/N=3)为0.3、0.01μg/L,在0.25、2、8μg/L添加水平的回收率分别为78.6%~88.0%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.1%~6.0%;OP、NP在10~500μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r0.999),方法的检出限(S/N=3)为0.7、0.9μg/L,在1.25、10、40μg/kg添加水平的回收率分别为85.5%~107%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.1%~6.6%。结论该方法简单、灵敏、准确可靠,适用于饮料中BPA、BPS、OP和NP等环境类雌激素的测定。     

复合免疫亲和柱-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定植物源食品中的双酚A、双酚F和双酚S

目的 利用复合免疫亲和柱-高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱技术(liquid chromatography coupled with tiple quadrupole mass spectrometry, HPLC-MS/MS)构建水果(苹果)、蔬菜(菠菜)、谷物(大米粉)以及婴幼儿谷类辅助食品(婴幼儿米粉)等植物源性食品中双酚A、双酚F和双酚S的分析方法。方法 样品用乙腈或含20%水的甲醇溶液提取,经复合免疫亲和柱对提取液进行净化,采用ACQUITY UPLC BEH C₁₈色谱柱分离,HPLC-MS/MS检测。结果 3种双酚A类化合物在相应浓度范围内线性关系良好,决定系数均大于0.999;在低、中、高3个不同加标浓度下,3种目标物的回收率为94.81%～111.12%,相对标准偏差为1.25%～11.50%,基质效应为-10.23%～5.46%;方法的检出限为0.015～0.15 μg/kg,定量限为0.05～0.5 μg/kg。结论 本方法基于抗原抗体特异性结合的免疫亲和柱对样品进行净化,重现性好、准确度高,能够有效地分离和检测苹果、菠菜、大米粉以及婴幼儿米粉中的BPA、BPS和BPF,可应用于这四类食品中BPA、BPS和BPF的定性定量检测。     

UPMRaflatac公司推出4种新的食品安全标签产品

正UPM Raflatac公司近期向欧洲市场推出了4种新的食品安全标签产品,不仅扩大了该公司的食品标签范围,也为品牌所有者和包装设计师提供了更广泛的材料选择。这4种产品都符合欧盟对食品安全的严格要求。Synthermal Clear Plus是一种高清晰度的直接保热膜,可为无标签的食品包装提供极好的产品可视性。这种膜不含双酚A(BPA)和双酚S(BPS),具有极好的可转换性,且在打印机上有很大的灵活性。UPM Raflatac公     

双酚S耐黄变聚氨酯水性涂料的制备及性能研究

利用双酚S替代传统的聚酯多元醇或聚醚多元醇制备聚氨酯水性涂料,可以提高其耐黄变性能。本文利用双酚S制备了聚氨酯耐黄变涂料,并对其色差值、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、硬度以及光失重进行了对比研究,证明其具有良好的耐黄变性。     

婴儿奶瓶及食品包装材料中双酚A的风险评估

双酚A作为婴儿奶瓶及食品包装材料的生产原料是否对人类的健康有潜在风险以及风险的大小如何,是公众和政府密切关注的问题.根据风险评估理论的四个步骤,即危害鉴定、危害特征描述、暴露评估和风险特征描述,对双酚A进行风险评估,结果表明人体暴露于双酚A的量是微不足道的,没有对人体健康构成已知的风险.     

高效液相色谱荧光法测定食品包装材料中双酚A及双酚S的迁移量

采用高效液相色谱-荧光法检测食品包装材料中双酚A及双酚S的迁移量,研究不同的模拟液对食品包装材料中双酚A和双酚S迁移的影响以及不同浓度的乙醇溶液对双酚A和双酚S迁移特性的影响。结果表明:该方法在0.001~0.100μg/L范围内线性关系良好,在乙醇模拟液中,双酚A和双酚S的迁移效果好,乙醇浓度越高迁移率越高,相同浓度的乙醇溶液中,接触温度越高,接触时间越长迁移率越高。     

双酚S的分析方法研究进展

对近年来双酚S的检测方法进行了综述,包括液相色谱法及其联用法、紫外分光光度法、气相色谱质谱法及其他方法。对几种检测方法进行分析,展望了双酚S测定方法的研究方向。     

谷胱甘肽硫转移酶作为生物标记物在环境风险评估中的应用进展

水体、土壤等环境污染近年来呈加剧趋势,严重影响食物质量安全,威胁人类健康,环境污染物及其毒性效应研究越来越受到重视。谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(glutathione S-transferase,GST)作为分子水平上的生物标记物,由于具有特异性和预警性等特点受到广泛关注,在水体和土壤等环境生态风险评估中具有巨大的应用潜力。本文综述了GST作为指示环境污染早期预警指标的生态毒理学机制以及其对环境污染物的响应研究现状,指出了目前应用中存在的问题,并展望了其在环境风险评价中的发展趋势。     

LC-MS/MS analysis of bisphenol S and five other bisphenols in total diet food samples

ABSTRACT

It is already known that bisphenol S (BPS) has been used as a substitute for BPA in thermal papers in recent years. It is not clear, however, if BPS has also been used to replace BPA in can coatings as currently being speculated due to a lack of credible studies on migration of BPS from can coatings and occurrence data of BPS in foods. In this study, an LC-MS/MS method was developed for the analysis of BPS, along with several other bisphenols, and method detection limits for BPS varied from 0.0017 to 3.1 ng/g depending on the type of sample matrix and the amount of sample analysed. This method was used to analyse 159 different food composite samples from a recent Canadian total diet study. Bisphenol E (BPE), bisphenol B (BPB), and bisphenol AF (BPAF) were not detected in any of the 159 food composite samples, bisphenol F (BPF) was detected in only three samples (25–2360 ng/g), and bisphenol A (BPA) was detected in 10 samples (5.3–41 ng/g) which were all prepared from canned foods. BPS was not detected in any of the canned food composite samples but was detected in nine food composite samples prepared from meat and meat products (1.2–35 ng/g), indicating sources for BPS other than can coatings may be possible, which will be investigated in future studies.     

Bisphenol s, a new bisphenol analogue, in paper products and currency bills and its association with bisphenol a residues

As the evidence of the toxic effects of bisphenol A (BPA) grows, its application in commercial products is gradually being replaced with other related compounds, such as bisphenol S (BPS). Nevertheless, very little is known about the occurrence of BPS in the environment. In this study, BPS was analyzed in 16 types of paper and paper products (n = 268), including thermal receipts, paper currencies, flyers, magazines, newspapers, food contact papers, airplane luggage tags, printing paper, kitchen rolls (i.e., paper towels), and toilet paper. All thermal receipt paper samples (n = 111) contained BPS at concentrations ranging from 0.0000138 to 22.0 mg/g (geometric mean: 0.181 mg/g). The overall mean concentrations of BPS in thermal receipt papers were similar to the concentrations reported earlier for BPA in the same set of samples. A significant negative correlation existed between BPS and BPA concentrations in thermal receipt paper samples (r = -0.55, p < 0.0001). BPS was detected in 87% of currency bill samples (n = 52) from 21 countries, at concentrations ranging from below the limit of quantification (LOQ) to 6.26 μg/g (geometric mean: 0.029 μg/g). BPS also was found in 14 other paper product types (n = 105), at concentrations ranging from 88%). To our knowledge, this is the first report on the occurrence of BPS in paper products and currency bills.     

环保阻燃剂溴化聚苯乙烯的合成研究

研究了以聚苯乙烯为原料,氯化溴为溴化剂,合成溴化聚苯乙烯.探讨了催化剂用量、反应温度及反应时间对溴化聚苯乙烯合成的影响.研究制得了溴含量高、色泽较好的产品.     

动物性食品中环境激素对人体的影响及其防治

文中分别介绍了环境激素的定义、激素与环境激素间的关系,以及动物性食品中所包含的环境激素种类,通过分析动物性食品中环境激素的污染途径及其对人体的影响,提出了控制措施以增强人们对其危害的重视,并减少环境激素对人体损害,有利于控制环境激素在动物性食品中的含量。     

Use of geographic information systems technology to track critical health code violations in retail facilities available to populations of different socioeconomic status and demographics

Research shows that community socioeconomic status (SES) predicts, based on food service types available, whether a population has access to healthy food. It is not known, however, if a relationship exists between SES and risk for foodborne illness (FBI) at the community level. Geographic information systems (GIS) give researchers the ability to pinpoint health indicators to specific geographic locations and detect resulting environmental gradients. It has been used extensively to characterize the food environment, with respect to access to healthy foods. This research investigated the utility of GIS in determining whether community SES and/or demographics relate to access to safe food, as measured by food service critical health code violations (CHV) as a proxy for risk for FBI. Health inspection records documenting CHV for 10,859 food service facilities collected between 2005 and 2008 in Philadelphia, PA, were accessed. Using an overlay analysis through GIS, CHV were plotted over census tracts of the corresponding area. Census tracts (n = 368) were categorized into quintiles, based on poverty level. Overall, food service facilities in higher poverty areas had a greater number of facilities (with at least one CHV) and had more frequent inspections than facilities in lower poverty areas. The facilities in lower poverty areas, however, had a higher average number of CHV per inspection. Analysis of CHV rates in census tracts with high concentrations of minority populations found Hispanic facilities had more CHV than other demographics, and Hispanic and African American facilities had fewer days between inspections. This research demonstrates the potential for utilization of GIS mapping for tracking risks for FBI. Conversely, it sheds light on the subjective nature of health inspections, and indicates that underlying factors might be affecting inspection frequency and identification of CHV, such that CHV might not be a true proxy for risk for FBI.     

消费者对转基因食品的安全风险感知研究——以成都部分消费群体为样本

摘要：目的 探讨消费者对转基因食品的风险感知及购买行为影响因素;方法 以成都消费者为研究对象, 通过构建风险认知感知模型, 研究不同不同人口统计特征、认知程度和参与程度对转基因食品安全的风险感知因素,并探寻转基因风险感知因素对购买意愿的影响。结果 不同人口统计特征对风险感知因子的影响不同。认知程度与功能风险的影响呈现为显著的负相关关系;信息渠道获取数量越多,越不认为转基因食品具有健康风险和功能风险。关注程度和担心程度越高,对风险感知因子的影响越显著。风险感知因子对购买意愿都有呈现的显著负相关,即风险感知因子越强,越不愿意购买转基因食品。     

Escherichia coli O157: burger bug or environmental pathogen?

The three main pathways of Escherichia coli O157 infection are foodborne, environmental (including direct contact with animals and their faeces and contaminated water supplies) or person to person contact. The disease is often nicknamed the 'burger bug' but it appears that environmental risk factors may be more important. In this study we use four techniques (outbreak analysis, case-control studies, disease mapping and quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA)) to determine whether burgers or environmental pathways present the greater risk in Scotland. Analysis of E. coli O157 outbreaks in Scotland from 1994 to 2003 associated with either meat or dairy foods, or with environmental transmission shows that approximately 40% [M1] of these outbreaks were foodborne, 54% were environmental and 6% involved both transmission routes. However, the largest outbreaks tend to be foodborne accounting for 83% of outbreak cases. Case-control studies indicate strong risk associations with environmental exposure in Scotland, the UK as a whole and the USA, but burgers appear to be more of a risk in the USA. Canadian, Scottish and Swedish disease mapping studies found positive association with indicators of cattle density. In Grampian (North-East Scotland) we found that there was a positive association with cattle and sheep density (divided by human population density) as well as percentage of population on private water supplies. We found 63% of cases in rural postcodes compared with 37% urban after correcting for population differences suggesting that at least 26% of cases may be classified as environmental. QMRA showed that on average, the risk was 100 times greater when visiting a pasture than eating a burger in Grampian. However, it is difficult to determine which pathway actually causes most illnesses as it is unknown how many burgers are consumed daily and what is the frequency of human visits to pasture. The implementation of hygienic food processing post-1996 Central Scotland outbreak and the preference for 'well done' burgers may account for this food being a relatively low risk thus making the 'burger bug' term less appropriate in the UK.     

Evaluation of the economic and environmental sustainability of high pressure processing of foods

A comparative evaluation of the environmental/economic performance of High Pressure Processing (HPP) technology for food processing is made using Life Cycle Costing (LCC) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodologies. Thermal pasteurization (TP), in the form of indirect system (with energy recovery) and of retort process, and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), are taken as benchmark during the evaluation, as traditional food processing technologies typically used to process orange juice (TP) and sliced Parma ham (MAP). Primary data on costs and consumption of HPP, TP and MAP plants were obtained from companies. Secondary data for LCA analysis was retrieved from the Ecoinvent 3.4 database and from available scientific literature.As a result of the assessment, HPP appears as more expensive than both TP processes, but turns out to have a lower environmental impact in almost all impact categories. Compared to MAP, HPP is less expensive and also has a lower impact in most of the impact categories, as MAP requires a significant amount of packaging materials and food gases. Industrial relevance: High pressure processing (HPP) is a well-known non-thermal technology, which since its introduction has had limited use, mainly due to the high cost of the electricity required for the process. Nowadays, however, new technologies in the food processing and new food product applications could make it more widely used. To correctly evaluate whether HPP technology is actually cost-effective and has low impact on the environment, detailed economic and environmental analyses have been carried out in this paper. Results are expected to enhance the use of HPP technology in industry.     

抗菌肽研究进展

寻找新型更安全、环保的食品防腐剂和无残留、无耐药性的饲料添加剂是目前食品行业和畜牧行业的一个研究热点。与传统的食品防腐添加剂相比,抗菌肽具有抗菌谱广、对环境无污染、可生物降解、协同作用、不易产生耐药性、稳定性好、作用范围广等优点,本文主要对抗菌肽的特点、作用机制与应用进行了介绍。随着人们生活水平的提高和对健康、长寿的重视,逐渐对一些可以直接或间接在体内蓄积的食品及饲料添加剂提出了更安全、更环保的要求,而抗菌肽的特点符合这一时代的需求特征,必将在防腐添加剂方面得到广泛应用。