木瓜醋的研制

以湖北长阳县的木瓜为基料，配以含糖量较高风味好的苹果汁，再以红薯或大米糖化醪补糖，酿制营养丰富的复合木瓜果粮醋。结果表明，制成的木瓜果粮复合醋，色泽清亮，具有2种果汁的复合香味，口感和香味都较好，原料的转化率高。     

云南酸木瓜风味果醋的研制

以云南酸木瓜为主要原料,添加普洱茶汤及新鲜咖啡汁进行液态发酵,酿制酸木瓜复合风味果醋。通过对可溶性固形物含量和总酸度的测定以及感官评分验证了试验的可行性,并在此基础上进行正交试验,确定了云南酸木瓜风味果醋的最佳配比:以酸木瓜为底料,添加普洱茶汤25%、新鲜咖啡汁10%、白砂糖19.5%。     

液态深层发酵型木瓜果醋的发酵生产研究

本研究以云南药木瓜为原料,沪酿1.41醋酸菌为菌种,液态深层发酵酿制木瓜果醋.研究分析了温度、醋酸菌接种量、初始酒度、初始酸度、通风量对产酸发酵的影响,确定了木瓜果醋酿制的最佳工艺参数为温度35℃、接种量11%(V/V)、初始酒度4.7%(V/V)、初始酸度1.8g/100ml(以醋酸计)、通风量200r/min(以摇床转速计),最终酸度达到4.96g/100ml,发酵率为67.23%.在最佳工艺条件下发酵,醋酸菌在发酵第6d达到对数生长期.酿制出来的木瓜果醋颜色金黄、澄清透亮,醋味浓郁,同时具有木瓜的特殊清香味.     

五味子、木瓜果醋的研制

将木瓜和五味子干酒按2：1的比例混合，进行复合醋酸发酵。发酵220h时达到峰值，总酸度为9．4651g/100mL。制备成的复合果醋风味最佳，其色泽黄而微红，清亮透明，有木瓜的清香和淡淡的五味子果味。     

HPLC测定木瓜果醋中齐墩果酸含量

采用HPLC法进行齐墩果酸的检测，研究了木瓜中齐墩果酸的提取方法，发现以无水酒精等有机溶剂提取效果最好。通过对木瓜果醋研制过程中各个样品的检测发现，齐墩果酸主要分布在木瓜渣中，在木瓜汁中的含量很低，几乎检测不出，只有带渣发酵才能制成含齐墩果酸的功能性果醋。     

木瓜的营养保健功能及其产品的开发研究

介绍了木瓜的营养价值与保健功能，对木瓜果酒、木瓜保健果醋、低糖木瓜果脯、木瓜果酱、低糖木瓜罐头、木瓜果肉饮料、木瓜保健软糖等产品的开发研究进行了概述。     

HPLC测定木瓜果醋中齐墩果酸含量

采用HPLC法进行齐墩果酸的检测,研究了木瓜中齐墩果酸的提取方法,发现以无水酒精等有机溶剂提取效果最好。通过对木瓜果醋研制过程中各个样品的检测发现,齐墩果酸主要分布在木瓜渣中,在木瓜汁中的含量很低,几乎检测不出,只有带渣发酵才能制成含齐墩果酸的功能性果醋。     

应用固定化醋酸菌生产番木瓜果醋的研究

以番木瓜为原料,用3%海藻酸钠与0.05 mol/L氯化钙对醋酸菌进行固定,并以正交实验方法对固定化醋酸菌酿造木瓜果醋的醋酸发酵工艺进行了研究。结果表明,固定化醋酸菌酿造木瓜果醋的较适工艺参数为初始p H5.0、温度32.5℃、接种量13%、初始酒度8%,最终酸度达到4.78 g/100 m L;与游离醋酸菌发酵木瓜果醋对比,固定化方法发酵具有较高的产酸速率;在批次发酵木瓜醋的实验中,最短只需要24 h,木瓜果醋酸度即达到4.40 g/100 m L,连续发酵10个批次,产酸率基本保持在0.40 g/L·h左右。     

响应面法优化甘蔗番木瓜复合果醋发酵工艺

为研究甘蔗番木瓜复合果醋发酵工艺，采用单因素试验探究果醋菌添加量、发酵温度、发酵时间和初始酒精度对复合果醋发酵的影响，以总酸为响应值，采用Box-Benhnken响应面法对醋酸发酵工艺进行优化。结果表明，甘蔗番木瓜复合果醋的最佳发酵工艺条件：果醋菌添加量3%、发酵温度36℃、发酵时间13 d、初始酒精度8%，在此工艺条件下所得甘蔗番木瓜复合果醋总酸含量达5.60 g/（100 m L）。研究结果为果醋产业发展提供借鉴参考。     

两步发酵法果醋生产技术

利用等外级水果加工成粗制果汁，经过液态酒精发酵和固态浇淋醋酸发酵制得果醋。工艺简单，产品香味明显优于纯液态发酵果醋。     

乳清多肽的制备及乳清多肽酒的研制

采用蛋白酶水解乳清粉,并对乳清多肽进行酵母菌发酵,并对发酵所得乳清酒进行风味调配。乳清粉最佳的水解条件为:[E/S]=1%、T=60℃、pH=9.0、时间=120min,水解度为DH=21.22%。乳清多肽酒的最优发酵条件:接种量为5%、起始pH为7.5、温度为22℃、发酵60h,酒度可达到3.9。多肽乳清酒的最佳基本调配是:酸量(苹果酸:柠檬酸=1:1)为0.1%、蔗糖为7%、环状糊精为0.6%。     

四种不同发酵基质柑橘果醋挥发性成分分析

为了研究四种不同发酵基质柑橘果醋挥发性成分的差异,分别以食用酒精发酵柑橘果醋（EACV）、酒醋连续发酵柑橘果醋（WVCV）、酒汁混合发酵柑橘果醋（WJCV）和酒水混合发酵柑橘果醋（WWCV）四种不同发酵基质的柑橘果醋为研究对象,利用电子鼻和顶空-固相微萃取气质联用技术（HS-SPME-GC-MS）,分析不同发酵基质的柑橘果醋挥发性成分的种类和含量。结果表明,四种柑橘果醋中共检测出138种挥发性成分,包括酯类物质34种、醇类物质37种、酸类物质20种、醛类物质8种、酚酮类物质13种、烃类物质10种和其他类物质16种。挥发性成分总含量高低依次为：WVCV＞WWCV＞WJCV＞EACV,其中EACV保留了更多柑橘果汁的气味,其他三种果醋风味更加浓郁。     

醋酸菌筛选培养基的优化和优良醋酸菌分离的研究

以大米糖化汁培养基为筛选培养基,从市售的醋酸菌粉和武汉锦春调味品厂的醋醅中分离得到了8株产酸快,转化率高的醋酸菌,并以其中的3株试制木瓜果醋取得了良好的效果。结果表明,以大米糖化汁培养基作为醋酸菌的筛选培养基,易操作,筛选效果好,优于其它的醋酸菌筛选培养基。     

Rapid Extraction of Pawpaw Juice with the Application of Locally Produced Pectic Enzymes from Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ATCC 51712

Pawpaw (Carica papaya) fruit is highly perishable; hence, conversion into a value-added product such as juice concentrate will be useful. Pawpaw fruit is, however, high in pectin; therefore, its juice extraction is difficult without an extraction aid such as the addition of pectic enzymes. Our laboratory has developed a simple enzymatic method that enables the extraction of pawpaw juice with considerable ease. Pectic enzymes were obtained from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC 52712) cultured in pawpaw juice for 6 days at room temperature (25–28°C) and centrifuged to obtain the enzyme in the supernatant. Addition of this enzyme (32 mg total protein) to 200 g pawpaw mash and incubation for 30 min resulted in significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the viscosity of the mash with corresponding increases in the flow rate of free-run juice (85%). Simultaneously, large increases in the volume of free-run juice (180%) over the controls were obtained. Since the overall increase in total juice volume was only 35% as compared with 180% for volume of free–run juice and 80% increase in flow rate for free–run juice, it was concluded that the major effect of the enzyme treatment on pawpaw juice extraction is on the decrease in processing time as a result of the degradation of the pectin in the fruit flesh.     

桑葚、百香果、柚子及火龙果复合果汁协同抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的作用及机制

为探究果汁在复配体系中对于生物活性的协同增效作用,选择具有丰富天然活性物质的桑葚、百香果、柚子、火龙果为原材料,以多酚含量等比例混合制备得到复合果汁,评价其抗氧化及降血糖活性。结果表明,通过果汁复配,果汁样品的氧化自由基吸收能力无明显改善,而降血糖活性研究结果显示,复合果汁抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的IC₅₀值在0.16~0.25 mg GAE/mL之间,均小于单一果汁的IC₅₀值(0.30~0.49 mg GAE/mL),表明复配对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用表现出显著的增强效果,且联合指数均小于0.9,其中柚子与桑葚-百香果-火龙果的联合指数最低为0.57。抑制动力学研究表明,桑葚果汁表现为对α-葡萄糖苷酶的非竞争型抑制,而其他三种果汁均为混合型抑制,抑制常数以桑葚果汁最低为22.2 mg/mL。总的来说,桑葚、百香果、柚子、火龙果果汁复配具有一定的增强对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用的效果,各组分表现出协同作用,且机制研究表明,具有较强活性的桑葚果汁可作为一种非竞争性抑制的原料应用于复合果汁中。     

果蔬复合香肠的开发研究

采用正交设计将胡萝卜、芹菜、果汁、大豆蛋白以不同水平与猪肉混合制成新型动植物复合食品。经感官评定和模糊数学评判表明：添加10%胡萝卜、10%芹菜、12%果汁、8%大豆蛋白可以得到形态组织、风味、色泽俱佳的高蛋白、低脂肪、高膳食纤维的果蔬复合型香肠。     

运用Mix-D-optimal设计开发紫甘蓝花色苷抗氧化复合果蔬汁饮料

优化紫甘蓝花色苷复合果蔬汁饮料的配方,并测定其抗氧化性.运用Mixture-D-optimal设计,以糖酸比为响应值,在未添加其他添加剂的条件下,利用苹果汁、黄瓜原汁和紫甘蓝花色苷三种原汁自身的糖、酸及风味物质进行复合,形成酸甜适口、风味相容的粉色复合果蔬汁饮料.实验结果表明:紫甘蓝花色苷抗氧化复合果蔬汁饮料的最佳配方...     

Limonin Monolactone, the Nonbitter Precursor Responsible for Delayed Bitterness in Certain Citrus Juices

SUMMARY– Tissues of early-season navel oranges and grapefruit were found by paper electrophoretic procedures to contain a nonbitter precursor of limonin, but no significant amounts of limonin. Limonin is the intensely bitter triterpenoid dilactone responsible for the bitterness which develops in certain navel orange juices on standing. The nonbitter precursor was identified as limonin monolactone by comparison with the authentic compound prepared by partial hydrolysis of limonin and by acid-catalyzed conversion into limonin. Limonin monolactone is stable in the tissues of the intact fruit (which are not bitter) because it is apparently not in direct contact with the acidic juice. It is slowly converted into limonin (and the juice becomes bitter) when the fruit tissues come in contact with the juice, after the juice is expressed from the fruit. Limonin monolactone was not detected in late-season navel oranges or grapefruit. This agrees with the fact that juice made from these fruits does not contain limonin. Work is in progress to determine whether the naturally occurring limonin monolactone is the A-ring monolactone, the D-ring monolactone, or a mixture of the two.     

Evaluation of antioxidant activity and total phenols index in persimmon vinegars produced by different processes

The total phenols index (TPI) and antioxidant activity of persimmon vinegars produced by different processes were evaluated. A novel extraction method was designed and optimised for this purpose with respect to the type and concentration of solvent and ultrasonication time. The best extraction conditions found were the use of 80% ethanol and 25 min of ultrasonication. Antioxidant capacity was determined by the oxygen-radical absorbance capacity of fluorescein (ORAC-FL) and 2,2′-diphenyl-1-pycrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical assays. The antioxidant activities were the same in the fruit and the vinegar, except in the ORAC assay, which showed a significant decrease during the acetification process. The results showed that using the wild yeast strain native to the persimmon produced vinegars with higher antioxidant activity than that of an inoculated alcoholic fermentation. Finally, a comparison between our vinegars and other commercial examples was made. The TPI and antioxidant activity values of persimmon vinegars were always higher than those obtained from white and red-wine vinegars. The antioxidant activity and total phenols of the final product indicate that persimmon vinegar is a competitive product in the market.