板栗壳活性炭的制备及其对活性艳橙的脱色研究

选用板栗黄色果肉外紧贴的质坚硬、暗棕褐色的壳斗为原料制备活性炭,探讨了板栗壳活性炭的制备及其对活性艳橙脱色的工艺条件.结果表明,制备板栗壳活性炭的最佳工艺条件为:500℃活化60 min,氯化锌20%,板栗壳活性炭与氯化锌溶液的料液比1∶2.用板栗壳活性炭吸附处理活性艳橙的最佳工艺条件为:搅拌90 min,活性炭2 g/L时,对质量浓度为9.74 mg/L的活性艳橙的脱色率高达92%以上,吸附后活性艳橙溶液的色度为8倍.     

湿法刮板式油棕核壳仁分离机改进试验报告

目前,我国小型油棕加工厂的油棕核壳仁分离都是用人工分选的,花费很多劳力,而且劳动强度大、劳动条件差。原粮食部西安油脂科学研究所和海南亚热带油脂研究所于1969年共同研究设计了一台湿法刮板式油棕核壳仁分离机,该机在试验过程中发现油棕核壳经常卡住机底的链轮、链条,需作进一步研究改进解决。1974年,在海南亚热带油脂研究所派一小组到南滨农场同工人同志一起研究改进,自己动手造另件,经过前后两个多月努力,初步取得了成功,经反复试验,此机一直运转正常,分离效果好,它可以大大降低劳动强度、提高工效,基本上可以用于生产。     

医用油茶籽油的脱酸脱色新工艺研究

以茶壳为原料制备氮掺杂活性炭，采用大孔树脂与氮掺杂茶壳活性炭联合使用的双重吸附工艺对油茶籽油同时进行脱酸脱色。对氮掺杂茶壳活性炭的制备条件进行了优化，并对所得油茶籽油的质量指标进行测定。结果表明：氮掺杂茶壳活性炭的最佳制备条件为以茶壳活性炭为碳源，以咪唑为氮源，咪唑浓度0.3 mol/L，活化温度850 ℃，活化时间60 min。在最佳工艺条件下，氮掺杂茶壳活性炭的比表面积为2 876 m2/g，总孔容为1.55 cm3/g，其中微孔孔容0.65 cm3/g，中孔孔容 0.55 cm3/g，大孔孔容0.35 cm3/g。所得油茶籽油无色透明，酸价（KOH）为0.14 mg/g，过氧化值为0.50 mmol/kg，达到了医用注射用油茶籽油的质量标准。     

利用扁桃壳制备糠醛和活性炭的研究

以扁桃壳为原料,用硫酸法制取糠醛,工艺条件为：每50g扁桃壳加入2.0mol/L硫酸250.0ml,蒸馏温度160℃,蒸馏时间2.0h.用糠醛渣试制了活性炭,产品活性炭的次甲基蓝吸附力达到了分析纯标准.     

油棕丝碎料板热压工艺的研究

根据油棕丝碎料特性,采用改性脲醛树脂胶,按照L18(37)正交试验探讨了油棕丝碎料板的热压工艺,通过极差分析和方差分析优化最佳工艺参数,以此生产的油棕丝碎料板力学性能优异,适用于B类非结构建筑用途。     

松子壳基活性炭对印染废水中活性艳蓝X-BR的吸附研究北大核心

用磷酸浸渍松子壳粉末制备活性炭,探究了该活性炭对活性艳蓝X-BR的吸附性能。结果表明,松子壳基活性炭的吸附能力比市售活性炭强,松子壳基活性炭最佳吸附条件:pH 2～5,25℃,60 min,松子壳基活性炭用量0.15 g,活性艳蓝X-BR初始质量浓度300 mg/L,在此条件下吸附率和吸附量分别为97.98%和196.46 mg/g;松子壳基活性炭对活性艳蓝X-BR的吸附符合Temkin等温模型,吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程。     

松子壳基活性炭对印染废水中活性艳蓝X-BR的吸附研究

用磷酸浸渍松子壳粉末制备活性炭,探究了该活性炭对活性艳蓝X-BR的吸附性能。结果表明,松子壳基活性炭的吸附能力比市售活性炭强,松子壳基活性炭最佳吸附条件:pH 2～5,25℃,60 min,松子壳基活性炭用量0.15 g,活性艳蓝X-BR初始质量浓度300 mg/L,在此条件下吸附率和吸附量分别为97.98%和196.46 mg/g;松子壳基活性炭对活性艳蓝X-BR的吸附符合Temkin等温模型,吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程。     

油棕丝碎料板热压工艺的研究

本文针对油棕丝碎料不同于木材的特性，采用改性脲醛树脂胶。按照L18(3^7)正交实验探讨了油棕丝碎料板的热压工艺。通过极差分析和方差分析优化最佳工艺参数。以此生产的油棕丝碎料板力学性能优异。适用于B类非结构建筑用途。     

榴莲壳和龙眼壳活性炭的制备、表征及其吸附性能研究

本文以废弃榴莲壳、龙眼壳为原料,采用KOH化学活化法制备了榴莲壳、龙眼壳生物质活性炭,并探究了其对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附性能。采用比表面积测试(BET)、傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、电子扫描电镜(SEM)、X-射线衍射(XRD)对制备的榴莲壳、龙眼壳生物质活性炭进行了表征,并重点研究了活性炭添加量、亚甲基蓝溶液初始浓度、反应时间、温度和pH对其吸附亚甲基蓝(MB)的影响。结果表明：200 mg/L MB水溶液在最佳反应条件(炭投入量为30 mg、pH8.0、120 min)下,榴莲壳(龙眼壳)活性炭最大吸附量为363 mg/g;榴莲壳和龙眼壳活性炭的比表面积分别为999.63 m²/g和1377.95 m²/g,平均孔径分别为2.13 nm和2.20 nm,另外榴莲壳、龙眼壳活性炭表面均有大量孔洞且具有一定的层状结构,这些孔洞的存在为活性炭吸附提供了丰富的吸附位点,与市售商用活性炭相比,具有更加密集的孔状结构,并且对亚甲基蓝的吸附能力更强。     

亚临界水提取油棕果渣多酚响应面优化研究

目的为了更好地利用农副产品,回收利用农业废弃物中的有效成分,以油棕果脱壳提油后的废弃物——油棕果渣为原料,以亚临界水技术萃取果渣中酚类物质。方法通过单因素实验对料液比、时间、温度等工艺参数进行研究,并用响应面Box-Behnken试验设计对提取工艺进行优化,建立二次多项数学模型。结果最终通过验证得到亚临界水萃取油棕果渣多酚类物质的最优的工艺条件:液料比50 m L/g,时间40 min,温度250℃。实际测得多酚含量为6.26 g/100 g,与理论值相符合。结论本研究对生产实际具有良好的参考指导作用。     

Effect of gamma irradiation on microorganisms and components in empty fruit bunch and palm press fibre of oil palm wastes

The effects of irradiation on microbiological load and chemical components of empty fruit bunch (EFB) and palm press fibre (PPF) were investigated as the preliminary study for upgrading of oil palm wastes to animal feeds by fermentation. The initial contamination of microorganisms in both EFB and PPF was very high and there is no significant difference between the samples collected from various palm oil mills. The dose required to eliminate below the detectable level was more than 15 kGy for total aerobic bacteria, but 5–6 kGy is enough for fungi. The contents of holocellulose and lignin were c 60% and 25%, respectively, in both EFB and PPF, and the change in components by irradiation was small. EFB and PPF have a high water holding capacity suggesting that they are suitable substrates for fermentation. These results show that the irradiation by 5–10 kGy on EFB and PPF is applicable for the pasteurisation of fermentation media without any significant change in components.     

Effect of γ-irradiation on enzymatic digestion of oil palm empty fruit bunch

Effect of γ-irradiation and combination treatment with alkali on oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) was studied to enhance the efficiency of enzymatic digestibility. γ-Irradiation enhanced the enzymatic digestibility, and the amounts of released galacturonic acid and neutral sugars from EFB by Driselase were increased with an increase in irradiation dose. The main components of neutral sugars released from EFB were glucose and xylose. EFB treated with alkali and 50 kGy irradiation released 1200 μg g^?1 of xylose that was twice amount of glucose showing that the combination treatment was effective especially to increase the digestibility of xylan.     

马来西亚棕榈油在食品和饲料中的应用及油棕行业可持续发展的研究进展

目前棕榈油是全球第一大产量的植物油,其性状稳定,含有丰富的维生素 E和类胡萝卜素等营养成分,且价格具有竞争力,因此被广泛应用于食品加工及饲料等行业。马来西亚作为世界棕榈油主要生产国和出口国之一,对全球棕榈油市场具有重要贡献。综述了马来西亚棕榈油生产、贸易及可持续发展状况,并对棕榈油在食品和饲料行业的应用进行总结,以期为棕榈油的消费和应用提供参考。     

基于多指标综合评分法优化棕榈油粉末油脂及其奶片制品配方

目的 优化棕榈油基粉末油脂和棕榈油基奶片的配方。方法 将棕榈油喷雾干燥成粉末状,然后和其他成分一起被压制成片剂。采用主成分分析法对棕榈油粉末油脂的包埋率、溶解度、水分含量、酸价和过氧化值进行了评价,并采用熵权法对棕榈油基奶片进行了评价。结果 所制得的棕榈油粉末油脂和棕榈油基奶片其强制对比法-熵权法综合感官评分分别为91.03±0.29和91.97±0.46。棕榈油粉末油脂的最佳工艺配方为: 棕榈油添加量42%、脱脂奶粉添加量18%、麦芽糊精添加量28%和复合乳化剂添加量4.5%; 棕榈油基奶片最优配方为: 最棕榈油粉末油脂添加量为10%、脱脂奶粉添加量为46%、复合糖粉添加量为15%、复合改良剂添加量为27%。结论 通过单因素和正交试验分别对棕榈油基粉末油脂和棕榈油基奶片的配方进行优化后,所制得的棕榈油粉末油脂呈松散的乳白色,无异味,无结块和杂质;棕榈油基奶片呈乳白色,色泽分布均匀,无明显斑点,口感细腻爽滑、甜味适中、有咀嚼感;产品内质结构均匀,硬度适中,无明显分层现象。     

Solid State Bioconversion of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches for Production of Citric Acid by Wild Strains of Aspergillus Niger

This study investigated the potential of Aspergillus niger strains for the production of citric acid from oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) through solid state bioconversion (SSB). Twenty six wild strains of Aspergillus niger isolated from lemon, orange, and sewage treatment plant sludge were evaluated. Factors considered in the study were citric acid production, sugar consumption, and protein content as growth indicator. Two strains of Aspergillus niger (IBO-103MNB) and (IBO-114MNB) were found to have good potential with citric acid production of 128.43 ± 6.3 and 140.50 ± 1 g kg^-1 of dry EFB with bioconversion time of 4 and 8 d, respectively. The productivity of citric acid by these strains was found to be 32 and 17.5 g kg^–1d^–1, respectively.     

Evaluation on some finishing properties of oil palm plywood

Oil palm is the largest and most important plantation crop in Malaysia. The oil palm generally lasts for 25–30 years before the next replantation is done. Substantial amount of biomass in the form of palm trunk results from plantation cycle. This resource is simply left on the ground to decay and is not used as raw material to manufacture any kind of value-added products. The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of manufacturing plywood from oil palm trunks and to evaluate some of the finishing properties of such experimental panels in comparison to those from Shorea sp as control samples. Three-ply plywood samples were produced from 5 mm thick veneers of oil palm using urea formaldehyde adhesive. Three types of chemicals, namely nitrocellulose, pre-catalyzed lacquer and polyurethane were used to finish experimental panels. The surface finished with nitrocellulose had the lowest contact angle on raw surface of oil palm plywood and wood. The average cross cut tape index of oil palm plywood was comparable to Shorea sp. All finishing materials of oil palm plywood produced impact rating of 4 except for surface finished with nitrocellulose while finishing on wood indicated an impact rating of 3. Oil palm plywood had higher weight loss compared to Shorea sp. Based on results from contact angle, cross cut tape index, impact rate test, weathering, and soil burial test methods it appears that the samples showed acceptable finishing properties comparable to those of solid wood.     

食用棕榈油卫生标准的研制

报告了食用棕榈油国家卫生标准的研制经过和结果，讨论了食用棕榈油脂肪酸构成的特殊性，其生产工艺过程及有关卫生问题，并将本标准的各项技术指标同ＦＡＯ／ＷＨＯ食品法典食用棕榈油标准ＣＯＤＥＸＳＴＡＮ１２５—１９８１及马来西亚食用棕榈油的卫生标准ＭＳ８１７—８９和我国现行精炼食用植物油卫生标准ＧＢ１５１９７—９４作了分析比较。标准的研制将对口岸食用棕榈油的把关检验和国内市场食用棕榈油的卫生监督提供执法的依据     

Influence of bleached palm oil on the physicochemical and sensory properties of beef patty

The effect of palm oil on the physico-chemical and sensory properties of beef liver patty were studied. Seven batches (3units per batch) of beef liver patty with different palm oil content (5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%) and a control with pork fat (30%) were manufactured by component mix at 1500 rpm for 1 min and cooked in an oven at 90?°C. Physico-chemical analysis of raw and cooked samples showed improvement of emulsion stability, water binding capacity, technological yield and hardness of patties substituted with lower proportions of deodorized bleached palm oil. No significant difference (P?>?0.05) was found between physico-chemical properties of liver patty formulated with 20% palm oil and the control (formulated with 30% pork fat). Sensory attributes generated by a semi-trained panel based mainly on texture, homogeneity (colour and aspect), odour and meltiness of the patties confirmed this tendency.     

油脂改性技术开发动向(Ⅰ)

目前,人们日益关注有关反式脂肪酸及环境安全等问题,同时,随着棕榈油生产量扩大,对油脂改性技术研究开发动向所带来影响也给予极大重视。该文着重以油脂加工中新开发降低反式脂肪酸氢化技术,干式分提技术,酶法酯交换技术为中心最近开发动向作一解说。     

Functional properties of butter oil made from bovine milk with experimentally altered fat composition

Modification of milk fat composition might be desirable to alter manufacturing characteristics or produce low saturated fat dairy products that more closely meet consumer dietary preferences. The aim of this research was to evaluate functional properties of butter oil obtained from milks with fat composition modified by altering the profile of long-chain fatty acids (FA) absorbed from the small intestine of cows. A control and 5 mixtures of long-chain free FA were infused into the abomasum of lactating dairy cows in a 6 × 6 Latin square design with 21-d periods. Treatments were 1) control (no FA infused), 2) mostly saturated FA (C₁₆:C₁₈ = 0.72), 3) low-linoleic palm FA (C₁₆:C₁₈ = 0.85), 4) palm FA (C₁₆:C₁₈ = 0.72), 5) soy FA (C₁₆:C₁₈ = 0.10), and 6) high-palmitic soy FA (C₁₆:C₁₈ = 0.68). All treatments included meat solubles and Tween 80 as emulsifiers. Solid fat content (from 0 to 40°C), melting point, and force at fracture were determined in butter oil. Milk fat from cows infused with palm FA (treatment 4) exhibited functionality equal to or better than control butter oil. Infusion with palm FA increased amounts of triglyceride (TG) fractions with 48, 52, and 54 carbon numbers but decreased TG with 32, 34, 36, and 42 carbon numbers. Infusion with soy FA increased TG with 26, 38, 40, 52, and 54 carbon numbers but decreased TG with 34, 42, and 46 carbons. Infusion of the mostly saturated FA increased TG with 38, 50, 52, and 54 carbon numbers but decreased TG with 32, 34, and 42 carbon numbers. These TG groups were consistently correlated with functional properties of butter oils from different treatments. The content of palmitic acid is important for maintaining functionality in the presence of increased polyunsaturated FA. The composition of milk fat may be able to be optimized through nutritional manipulation of diets for dairy cows if the optimal composition of FA and TG is defined for a particular dairy product.