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1.
对砑花笺概念进行了详细的说明,对它的设计、制作进行充分的讨论,最后对皇家文化中笺纸的意义提出了初步的认识。  相似文献   

2.
段玉洁  邓莉丽 《丝绸》2022,(4):135-145
本文以唐宋时期的经帙为主要研究对象,通过图文互证、归纳对比等方法,对这一时期经帙形制、工艺和纹饰的艺术特征进行归纳,进而分析其艺术特征形成的原因。研究表明:唐宋时期的经帙形制上分为有卷首与无卷首两种类型,工艺类别上分为竹编、织锦、缬染和刺绣四种。竹编类经帙选材优良,严谨工整;织锦类经帙富丽雅致,文质兼美;缬染及刺绣类经帙多元质朴,具有民俗意趣。造成这些艺术特征形成的原因主要有三方面:其一由于佛教用品设计存在“同类相从”及“节用尚本”的设计观。其二经帙的来源有三种途径,即官府提供、寺院自制和个体布施,从而使各类经帙在艺术特征上有所区别。其三唐代经帙纹饰具有明显的异域化特点,而宋代经帙纹饰则本土化风格明显,这主要是由唐代至宋代纹饰的本土化演变趋势造成。  相似文献   

3.
宋代文人审美对社会生产生活产生了重要的影响,文人思想审美的渗透也影响了女性空间中的活动、用具等。以宋代女性空间中的纹饰为研究对象,运用图像学分析法对其造型与色彩进行探析,获知女性空间中的纹饰独具时代特征。纹饰造型中几何纹样寓情于形,花卉纹样生动写实;纹饰色彩以青绿朱三色为主,与建筑彩画的色彩相协调。研究旨在探讨宋代女性空间纹饰特征与蕴意,并从中分析宋代女性空间的家居文化、审美取向与艺术追求。  相似文献   

4.
沈琳琳 《丝绸》2023,(6):151-157
宋代丝绸纹饰是宋韵文化的重要组成部分,折射出宋代人民对生活、艺术的深刻理解。文章以宋代丝绸的代表性纹样为研究对象,通过对宋代丝绸纹饰的种类及其表现形式进行梳理与阐述,释读宋代丝绸纹饰名称的内涵寓意并提出可行的英译方法。研究表明:由于宋代丝绸纹饰名称的来源较为丰富,其命名方式根据物象呈现出场景性、故事性、意象性等特点,因此译者只有与中国传统文化建立共鸣,才能准确把握宋代丝绸纹饰的核心要义;其次,针对不同类型的纹饰名称,需要根据其所依附的造型表征、造物理念及使用场景等灵活运用异化和深度翻译的英译方法,实施互通中外语境的英译方案。  相似文献   

5.
苏淼  鲁佳亮  蔡欣  章玮龚 《丝绸》2013,50(4):55-60
以出土文物和相关文献为参考,从结构、造型、色彩等方面分析了宋代丝织花卉纹样的艺术风格与特征,认为宋代丝织花卉纹样题材丰富,花卉纹样风格注重写实,形象刻画细腻精致,具有整齐、典雅的艺术风格,典型的组织形式有散搭式、折枝式、缠枝式和几何填花式等,造型手法与装饰处理多采用写生花、复合花、四时花、情景花及文人花等,总体色彩倾向于清淡柔和、典雅庄重。结合现代的表现手法对经典宋代花卉纹样进行再设计,并通过现代织造工艺将设计纹样应用于现代丝绸家纺的产品设计中。设计作品既体现宋代的纹样艺术风格又符合现代家纺的流行时尚,体现出独特的自然典雅之风,是一次古典艺术与现代时尚相结合的有益尝试。  相似文献   

6.
玻璃的网印工艺与其它产品的网印工艺有所不同,要熟练的掌握玻璃的网印工艺。在实际生产当中,必须对影响玻璃网印的各个因素进行详细了解。影响网版印刷质量的因素有很多,而且错综复杂,如何有效的控制丝印质量,实现理想的网版印刷效果,这就要求我们要对网版印刷工艺的每一个细节有熟悉的了解和掌握,而且不能忽视每一个对印刷质量产生影响的细节。  相似文献   

7.
作为中国古代造物史上熠熠生辉的一笔,宋代湖州镜以丰富的镜型和纹饰及其较早体现品牌意识的牌记铭文,描绘了宋代湖州市民阶级文化生活。文章对宋代湖州镜铭纹饰的内容进行概要梳理,并讨论湖州镜铭隐含的文化意蕴,以及湖州镜视觉基因与商业基因的应用传播。  相似文献   

8.
发笺纸在我国造纸史上占据重要地位,但其造纸工艺在学界一直存在争议。北京大学图书馆在古文献修复过程中发现馆藏和刻本《天经或问》的书衣中间层是发笺纸,黑色细丝分散于纸张表面。本研究利用光学显微镜、纤维测量仪、扫描电子显微镜和傅里叶变换显微红外光谱仪对纸张纤维和黑色细丝进行现代仪器分析。结果表明,该发笺纸的纸张纤维是楮皮纤维,黑色细丝的主要成分是人类头发。该结果可以为发笺纸的历史考证和工艺恢复提供一定的科学依据。  相似文献   

9.
田合伟 《丝绸》2020,(3):107-112
针对山西汉族民间虎头鞋制作工艺与纹饰色彩特征等问题,文章采用文献检索法、田野调查法、对比分析法与市场分析法等研究方法,基于对虎头鞋技艺传承与活态应用的角度,分析了山西地区虎头鞋的制作工序、纳缝工艺与刺绣工艺,及其纹饰造型、纹饰风格,总结出虎头鞋纳缝工艺的4种基本形式,以及刺绣工艺的写实风格,并梳理出山西地区虎头鞋纹饰的对称对比、虚实变化和节奏韵律的造型之美,自然性、浪漫性和趣味性的风格之美。研究表明,山西地区虎头鞋工艺作为汉族民间虎头鞋工艺的重要代表,具有传承和活态应用价值。  相似文献   

10.
张媛媛 《印染》2023,(10):99-101
在中国传统文化全面复兴和绿色环保可持续理念的倡导下,对四类传统印染工艺在家纺产品设计中的应用进行了分析。基于对丰富纹饰效果的追求,运用传统印染工艺的家纺产品可获得具有色彩层次丰富和个性化的设计特征。  相似文献   

11.
Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.  相似文献   

12.
An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.  相似文献   

13.
The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.  相似文献   

14.
The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.  相似文献   

15.
16.
A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.  相似文献   

17.
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) and polarized light microscopy (PLM) were utilized in the detection of the adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum. For CE analyses, standards of locust bean and guar gums were extracted with 30% CH3CN, removing the residual proteins from the gum matrix. A 8.75 mM NaH2PO4-20.6 mM Na2B4O7 buffer, pH 9, was used to separate these proteins and to identify marker proteins that were present in the guar gum. These markers did not co-migrate with components in the extracts of mechanically processed locust bean gum, and are used as indicators of adulteration. Using PLM with toluidine blue and iodine staining techniques, unadulterated locust bean gum samples were distinguished from mixed samples through the differential staining of components in locust bean versus guar and tara gums. These experiments in the use of CE and PLM provide orthogonal and complementary methods for the verification of 'true' positives and the elimination of 'false' positives.  相似文献   

18.
BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H2O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.  相似文献   

19.
An investigation is described in which various polyfunctional compounds were applied to wool in attempts to stabilize the temporary improvements in wrinkle-recovery brought about by ‘annealing’. Several reactive systems involving formaldehyde were found to produce the desired permanently improved wrinkle-recovery.  相似文献   

20.
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